Cytoprotective effects of melatonin against necrosis and apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver

Abstract:  Melatonin protects against organ ischemia; this effect has mainly been attributed to the antioxidant properties of the indoleamine. This study examined the cytoprotective properties of melatonin against injury to the liver caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Rats were subjected to 60 min of ischemia followed by 5 hr of reperfusion. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) or the vehicle was administered intraperitoneally 15 min before ischemia and immediately before reperfusion. The serum aminotransferase activity and lipid peroxidation levels were increased markedly by hepatic I/R, which were suppressed significantly by melatonin. In contrast, the glutathione content, which is an index of the cellular redox state, and mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase activity, which is a maker of the mitochondrial membrane integrity, were lower in the I/R rats. These decreases were attenuated by melatonin. The rate of mitochondrial swelling, which reflects the extent of the mitochondrial permeability transition, was higher after 5 hr of reperfusion but was attenuated by melatonin. Melatonin limited the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and the activation of caspase-3 observed in the I/R rats. The melatonin-treated rats showed markedly fewer apoptotic (TUNEL positive) cells and DNA fragmentation than did the I/R rats. These results suggest that melatonin ameliorates I/R-induced hepatocytes damage by inhibiting the level of oxidative stress and the apoptotic pathway. Consequently, melatonin may provide a new pharmacological intervention strategy for hepatic I/R injuries.     

山楂提取物对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨山楂提取物对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤（IR I）的保护作用。方法建立大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注模型,在缺血前给予山楂提取物处理,观察动脉压和心律失常的改变,测定血液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）的变化。结果预先给予山楂提取物可降低血液中LDH和MDA含量,提高SOD活性,降低血压,有抗心律失常作用。结论山楂提取物对大鼠心肌IR I具有一定的保护作用。     

高血糖促进氧化应激加重大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤

目的:研究高血糖是否可通过增加大鼠急性缺血/再灌注（I/R）心肌氧化应激而加重心肌损伤,并探讨其机制。方法: 将SD大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组(Sham)、生理盐水对照组(Vehicle)和高糖组(HG)。通过缺血30 min再灌注6 h,建立大鼠急性心肌I/R模型。通过静脉输注高浓度葡萄糖溶液,建立大鼠急性心肌I/R并发高血糖动物模型。术中监测血糖水平。再灌注结束后,检测血浆心肌酶谱水平,心肌梗死面积（IS）、心肌细胞凋亡指数（AI）和caspase 3的活性,检测心肌组织中氧化应激指标超氧阴离子、gp91phox、MDA、SOD,以及硫氧还蛋白结合蛋白（Txnip）的水平和硫氧还蛋白（Trx）的活性。结果: 与Vehicle组比较,HG组大鼠血糖水平显著升高,肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的水平和IS增加,AI和caspase 3的活性升高(P<0.05)。HG组I/R心肌组织氧化应激程度显著升高,超氧阴离子、gp91phox和MDA水平增加(P<0.05)。同时,HG组I/R心肌组织的Txnip表达增加而Trx活性降低(P<0.05)。结论: 高血糖可增加大鼠I/R心肌中Txnip的表达,抑制Trx的活性促进氧化应激,这可能是其加重I/R心肌损伤的机制。     

Protective effects of terminal ileostomy against bacterial translocation in a rat model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury

AIM: To investigate the effects of terminal ileostomy on bacterial translocation (BT) and systemic inflammation after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.METHODS: Thirty-two rats were assigned to either the sham-operated group, I/R group, I/R + resection and anastomosis group, or the I/R + ileostomy group. The superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 60 min. After 4 h, tissue samples were collected for analysis. BT was assessed by bacteriologic cultures, intestinal permeability and serum levels of endotoxin; systemic inflammation was assessed by serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, as well as by the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and by intestinal histopathology.RESULTS: Intestinal I/R injury not only caused morphologic damage to ileal mucosa, but also induced BT, increased MPO activity and promoted the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in serum. BT and ileal mucosa injuries were significantly improved and levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were decreased in the I/R + ileostomy group compared with the I/R + resection and anastomosis group.CONCLUSION: Terminal ileostomy can prevent the detrimental effects of intestinal I/R injury on BT, intestinal tissue, and inflammation.     

丙酮酸对缺血/再灌注大鼠心肌的保护作用

目的:探讨丙酮酸(Pyr)对缺血/再灌注(I/R)大鼠心肌的影响及其可能的机制。方法:30只SD成年大鼠随机分为假手术(Sham)组、I/R组及I/R+Pyr组,每组10只。I/R+Pyr组大鼠于再灌前5 min,开始持续性静脉灌注Pyr 2 h[25 mg/(kg·h)]。再灌注2 h后,利用多道生理记录仪检测大鼠在体血流动力学指标:平均动脉压(MABP)、左室收缩压(LVSP)及左室最大收缩、舒张末压微分(±LV dP/dt max)。采用Western blot方法检测磷酸化-JNK(p-JNK)和总的JNK(t-JNK)表达。用原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)评价心肌细胞的凋亡。结果:I/R组的MABP、LVSP、±LV dP/dt max显著低于Sham组(P0.01),Pyr干预可增加I/R后MABP、LVSP及±LV dP/dt max的水平(P0.05)。与Sham组相比,I/R组大鼠左心室p-JNK的水平明显增高(P0.01);而Pyr可降低大鼠左心室p-JNK的水平(P0.01),并抑制心肌细胞凋亡(P0.05)。结论:Pyr可改善I/R大鼠心肌的功能,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,其机制可能与抑制JNK信号的激活有关。     

lncRNA减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸且无蛋白质编码能力的RNA,但在增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭和分化等多种生物过程中起着非常重要的调节作用。研究发现lncRNA与心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤的发生发展密切相关。本综述讨论了lncRNA减少心肌I/R损伤及其可能机制的研究进展。     

环孢菌素A拮抗心肌缺血／再灌注损伤的作用

目的：研究环孢菌素A（CsA）拮抗小型猪心肌缺血／再灌注损伤（MI／RI）的作用及可能的机制。方法：经皮球囊封堵冠状动脉左前降支制备小型猪MI／RI模型。将存活的动物随机分为3组：即对照组（n=4）、CsA组（n=6）及他可英司（FK-506）组（n=6）,分别静滴生理盐水100ml、25mg／kgCsA及1mg／kgFK-506。所有动物均经90rain缺血和3h再灌注。通过病理检查评估心肌梗死（MI）面积。用免疫组化染色法检测心肌细胞凋亡。用透射电子显微镜观察各组心肌细胞线粒体的形态。结果：CsA组MI的面积比对照组[（7．5±0．6）cm。粥．（10．5±2．6）cm。]和FK-506组[（7．5±0．6）cm。掷．（9．6±2．7）cm。]明显减少（P〈0．01）;CsA组心肌细胞的凋亡率（％）比对照组[（11．9±1．88）％郴．（22．3±1．66）％]和FK-506组[（11．9±1．88）％郴．（19．2±1．82）％]明显下降（JP〈0．01）。透射电子显微镜检查显示,CsA组能维持线粒体的形态,线粒体坍塌的百分率为（20％±7％）,比对照组（53％±12％）和FK-506组（47％±9％）明显减少（P〈0．01）。结论：CsA可能对MI／RI具有拮抗作用,其机制可能是通过抑制线粒体膜通透性转换孔（mPTP）,保持线粒体形态完整而实现,此种效应不依赖于钙调磷酸酶抑制途径。     

白藜芦醇对糖尿病大鼠心脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨白藜芦醇(RSV)对糖尿病大鼠心肌缺血再灌注(MI/R)损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型。2周后糖尿病大鼠随机分为假手术(Sham)组、MI/R组和白藜芦醇(RSV)组。通过结扎左冠状动脉前降支诱导MI/R损伤模型。测定各组大鼠乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、心肌梗死面积、心脏收缩和舒张功能;TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡指数;Western blot检测沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)、p53、乙酰化p53(Acetyl-p53)、Bcl-2、Bax以及细胞浆和线粒体细胞色素C(Cyt C)和凋亡诱导因子(AIF)的表达;HE染色检测心肌损伤评分。结果与Sham组相比,MI/R组心肌梗死面积、心肌损伤评分、心肌LDH、CK、cTnI、Acetyl-p53、Bax、细胞浆Cyt C和AIF表达以及心肌细胞凋亡指数均明显增加,而心脏收缩和舒张功能明显降低,Bcl-2和SIRT1表达以及线粒体Cyt C和AIF表达明显减少。与MI/R组相比,RSV组心肌梗死面积、心肌损伤评分、心肌LDH、CK、cTnI、Acetyl-p53、Bax、细胞浆Cyt C和AIF表达以及心肌细胞凋亡指数均明显降低,而心脏收缩和舒张功能明显改善,Bcl-2和SIRT1表达以及线粒体Cyt C和AIF表达明显增加。3组之间p53表达无差异。结论白藜芦醇可通过抗凋亡作用减轻糖尿病大鼠MI/R损伤,其作用机制与SIRT1/p53信号通路相关。     

姜黄素后处理通过JAK2/STAT3信号通路拮抗心肌缺血/再灌注损伤

目的:观察姜黄素（curcumin,Cur）后处理对离体心肌缺血/再灌注损伤(ischemia and reperfusion injury,I/RI)的拮抗作用及其可能的机制。方法: 40只SD大鼠随机分为5组(n=8),即空白对照(Ctl组)、缺血/再灌注组(I/R组)、I/R+姜黄素后处理组(I/R+Cur组)、I/R+姜黄素后处理+AG490组(I/R+Cur+AG组)及AG490组（AG组）,AG490为JAK2/STAT3信号通路特异性阻断剂。采用离体大鼠心脏Langendoff逆行灌注模型,缺血60 min,再灌注60 min。分别于缺血前及再灌注后15 min、30 min、45 min和60 min,测定血流动力学各项指标,包括:心率（HR）、左心室发展压（LVDP）、左心室内压力上升的最大速率(+dp/dtmax)、冠脉流量（CF）、计算出心率压力指数（DP,LVDP×HR/1000）。用氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法测定各组心肌梗死(MI)的面积,用Western blot检测各组JAK2、磷酸化JAK2(p-JAK2)、STAT3以及磷酸化STAT3(p-STAT3)的表达。结果: 与Ctl组比较,I/R组各时间点的收缩及舒张功能均显著降低(P<0.01),MI面积显著增加(P<0.01),磷酸化JAK2和STAT3的表达明显升高(P<0.01)。与I/R组比较,I/R+Cur组各时间点的心肌收缩及舒张功能下降程度明显减轻(P<0.01),MI的面积明显减少(P<0.01),p-JAK2和STAT3的表达更高(P<0.01)。与I/R+Cur组相比,I/R+Cur+AG组各时间点的收缩及舒张功能显著降低(P<0.01),MI的面积显著增加(P<0.01),p-JAK2和STAT3的表达显著下降(P<0.01);和Ctl组相比,AG组血流动力学和MI的面积无统计学差异。结论: Cur后处理对I/R大鼠心肌具有保护作用,其作用机制与JAK2/STAT3信号通路的活化有关。     

Protective effect of melatonin‐supported adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells against small bowel ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rat

We tested the hypothesis that combined melatonin and autologous adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) was superior to either alone against small bowel ischemia‐reperfusion (SBIR) injury induced by superior mesenteric artery clamping for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 72 hr. Male adult Sprague Dawley rats (n = 50) were equally categorized into sham‐operated controls SC, SBIR, SBIR‐ADMSC (1.0 × 10⁶ intravenous and 1.0 × 10⁶ intrajejunal injection), SBIR‐melatonin (intraperitoneal 20 mg/kg at 30 min after SI ischemia and 50 mg/kg at 6 and 18 hr after SI reperfusion), and SBIR‐ADMSC‐melatonin groups. The results demonstrated that the circulating levels of TNF‐α, MPO, LyG6+ cells, CD68+ cells, WBC count, and gut permeability were highest in SBIR and lowest in SC, significantly higher in SBIR‐ADMSC group and further increased in SBIR‐melatonin group than in the combined therapy group (all P < 0.001). The ischemic mucosal damage score, the protein expressions of inflammation (TNF‐α, NF‐κB, MMP‐9, MPO, and iNOS), oxidative stress (NOX‐1, NOX‐2, and oxidized protein), apoptosis (APAF‐1, mitochondrial Bax, cleaved caspase‐3 and PARP), mitochondrial damage (cytosolic cytochrome C) and DNA damage (γ‐H2AX) markers, as well as cellular expressions of proliferation (PCNA), apoptosis (caspase‐3, TUNEL assay), and DNA damage (γ‐H2AX) showed an identical pattern, whereas mitochondrial cytochrome C exhibited an opposite pattern compared to that of inflammation among all groups (all P < 0.001). Besides, antioxidant expressions at protein (NQO‐1, GR, and GPx) and cellular (HO‐1) levels progressively increased from SC to the combined treatment group (all P < 0.001). In conclusion, combined melatonin‐ADMSC treatment offered additive beneficial effect against SBIR injury.     

Melatonin receptor‐mediated protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: role of SIRT1

Melatonin confers cardioprotective effect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury by reducing oxidative stress. Activation of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) signaling also reduces MI/R injury. We hypothesize that melatonin may protect against MI/R injury by activating SIRT1 signaling. This study investigated the protective effect of melatonin treatment on MI/R heart and elucidated its potential mechanisms. Rats were exposed to melatonin treatment in the presence or the absence of the melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole or SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 and then subjected to MI/R operation. Melatonin conferred a cardioprotective effect by improving postischemic cardiac function, decreasing infarct size, reducing apoptotic index, diminishing serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase release, upregulating SIRT1, Bcl‐2 expression and downregulating Bax, caspase‐3 and cleaved caspase‐3 expression. Melatonin treatment also resulted in reduced myocardium superoxide generation, gp91^phox expression, malondialdehyde level, and increased myocardium superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, which indicate that the MI/R‐induced oxidative stress was significantly attenuated. However, these protective effects were blocked by EX527 or luzindole, indicating that SIRT1 signaling and melatonin receptor may be specifically involved in these effects. In summary, our results demonstrate that melatonin treatment attenuates MI/R injury by reducing oxidative stress damage via activation of SIRT1 signaling in a receptor‐dependent manner.     

Post-ischemic intraportal adenosine administration protects against reperfusion injury of canine liver

Although adenosine has been postulated to inhibit ischemia‐reperfusion injury in various tissues, its in vivo cytoprotective mechanism is not fully known. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intraportally infused adenosine on reperfusion injury in the canine liver. Two h ischemia and reperfusion of the liver were induced in beagle dogs by clamping the portal triad. Either adenosine or saline was infused in the portal vein after reperfusion for 60 min. Levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and the survival of animals were examined. Hepatic levels of protein carbonyls and glutathione were also measured, as markers of oxidative stress. One h after reperfusion, the liver was perfused with nitroblue tetrazolium and the formation of formazan was observed to evaluate superoxide formation. Twenty‐four h after reperfusion, 100% of animals in the adenosine group and 33% of animals in the control group survived. Adenosine significantly decreased the reperfusion‐induced increase in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Adenosine also suppressed the formation of protein carbonyls and the decrease in glutathione levels. Histologically, neutrophil infiltration, superoxide formation, and apoptosis were decreased by adenosine. These results suggest that intraportally infused adenosine attenuates reperfusion injury of the liver, presumably by suppressing the activation of neutrophils and oxidative stress.     

Sterile inflammation in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury: Present concepts and potential therapeutics

Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is an often unavoidable consequence of major liver surgery and is characterized by a sterile inflammatory response that jeopardizes the viability of the organ. The inflammatory response results from acute oxidative and nitrosative stress and consequent hepatocellular death during the early reperfusion phase, which causes the release of endogenous self‐antigens known as damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs, in turn, are indirectly responsible for a second wave of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) production by driving the chemoattraction of various leukocyte subsets that exacerbate oxidative liver damage during the later stages of reperfusion. In this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic I/R injury are outlined, with emphasis on the interplay between ROS/RNS, DAMPs, and the cell types that either produce ROS/RNS and DAMPs or respond to them. This theoretical background is subsequently used to explain why current interventions for hepatic I/R injury have not been very successful. Moreover, novel therapeutic modalities are addressed, including MitoSNO and nilotinib, and metalloporphyrins on the basis of the updated paradigm of hepatic I/R injury.     

冠心康对高脂血症大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探索冠心康对高脂血症大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MI/RI)的影响。方法将SD雄性大鼠随机均分为3组:假手术组(10只)、模型组(10只)及冠心康组(10只)。利用高脂肪建立高脂血症大鼠模型,再采取可逆性冠状动脉左前降支结扎建立心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型并给予药剂干预。生物化学分析法检测干预后血脂水平,黏度计检测各组大鼠血液黏度,ELISA法检测血清白细胞介素10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)、丙二醛(MDA)水平,荧光法检测Caspase-3活性,TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡率,Masson染色及HE染色观察心肌组织变化,Western blot检测心肌组织凋亡相关蛋白水平。结果与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、全血黏度、血浆黏度、TNF-α、MDA、ICAM-1、细胞凋亡率、Caspase-3活性、Bax蛋白水平升高,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、IL-10、Bcl-2蛋白水平降低,心肌结构紊乱、损伤程度严重;与模型组相比,冠心康组大鼠TG、TC、LDLC、全血黏度、血浆黏度、TNF-α、MDA、ICAM-1、细胞凋亡率、Caspase-3活性、Bax蛋白水平降低,HDLC、IL-10、Bcl-2蛋白水平升高,且大鼠心肌结构较整齐、损伤程度较低。结论冠心康对高脂血症并心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的心肌功能有保护作用,可能与降低血脂水平、炎症反应以及抑制心肌细胞凋亡有关。     

利莫那班对局灶性脑缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠的保护作用

目的 探讨大麻素1(CB1)受体拮抗剂利莫那班对大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注模型.36只雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组、手术组、尼莫地平对照组、利莫那班低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组.再灌注24 h后进行神经功能评分(NFS),TTC染色测定梗死面积,HE染色检测脑组织病理变化,免疫组化染色观察P-erk1/2和caspase-3免疫阳性表达,并检测大鼠脑组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)变化.结果 利莫那班能明显改善大鼠的神经行为,缩小梗死面积,并使脑组织病理改变减轻,SOD活性明显升高,MDA含量明显降低,下调caspase-3的表达,上调P-erk1/2的表达.结论 利莫那班对局灶性脑缺血/再灌注大鼠有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与拮抗大麻素受体、抑制细胞凋亡有关.     

氯离子通道阻滞剂DIDS和NPPB对缺血再灌注诱导心肌细胞凋亡保护作用的研究

目的探讨氯离子通道阻滞剂DIDS和NPPB对缺血再灌注(I/R)诱导心肌细胞凋亡过程中的保护作用及可能机制。方法在原代培养鼠心肌细胞I/R诱导心肌细胞凋亡模型中,将实验分为对照组、I/R组、DIDS组和NPPB组,每组20孔。观察心肌细胞的存活率、caspase-3活性及细胞膜完整性。结果I/R组心肌细胞存活率52.1%,DIDS组和NPPB组分别是84.5%和74.7%,均有统计学差异(P<0.01);细胞凋亡DNA电泳片断显示,DIDS组和NPPB组均能显著的抑制DNA的降解。再灌注24 h后,I/R组细胞内caspase-3活性水平482.3%,DIDS组和NPPB组分别是171.7%和211.8%,均有统计学差异(P<0.01)。各组乳酸脱氢酶水平均<5%。结论在I/R诱导的凋亡性心肌细胞损伤中,氯离子通道阻断滞剂能通过有效的抑制Caspase-3活性,起到保护心肌细胞的作用。     

阿利吉仑通过调控线粒体介导的凋亡通路改善心肌缺血再灌注损伤

目的通过体外构建心肌细胞缺氧复氧模型(H/R)模拟体内心肌细胞缺血再灌注,验证阿利吉仑(Aliskiren)对于改善心肌细胞缺血再灌注的药物效果,同时探究细胞凋亡在其中的机制。方法将细胞实验分为四组:正常氧供应组即对照组(Control)、缺氧复氧组(H/R)、阿利吉仑+缺氧复氧组(阿利吉仑+H/R)、NF-κB P65特异抑制剂+缺氧复氧组(bay11-7082+H/R)。使用CCK-8检测不同浓度阿利吉仑处理的心肌细胞存活率,ELISA检测各实验组炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平。Hoechst33258染色、Annexin V/PI双染流式细胞仪检测各组心肌细胞凋亡比例,JC-1试剂盒测量线粒体膜电位及心肌细胞ATP含量。同时采用Caspase-3试剂盒检测各组心肌细胞凋亡蛋白酶的活性。结果阿利吉仑小于20 mmol/L时,与心肌细胞活性存在正相关关系,而在20 mmol/L和80 mmol/L之间,两者之间存在负相关关系,文章中阿利吉仑的最佳处理浓度是20 mmol/L,此时的心肌细胞活性最高(76.40%±1.64%)。相比H/R组,阿利吉仑能降低TNF-α和IL-6水平[(129.33±5.86) ng/L比(319.00±4.58) ng/L,P0.05;(29.67±1.53) ng/L比(64.67±2.08) ng/L,P0.05],同时显著降低心肌细胞的凋亡率[(7.23%±1.14%)比(32.25%±3.15%),P0.05],并具有降低能量代谢障碍心肌细胞所占比例[(6.9%±1.6%)比(13.5%±1.7%),P0.05]、稳定线粒体膜电位的功能[(3.90±0.60)比(1.80±0.16),P0.05]。另外,抑制凋亡蛋白酶Caspase-3的活性[(2.26±0.35)比(3.26±0.62),P0.05],且阿利吉仑+H/R组与bay11-7082+H/R组的各项实验结果无统计学差异。结论阿利吉仑可以通过抑制炎症反应、调控线粒体受体介导的凋亡,改善缺血心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤,且阿利吉仑的调控凋亡作用可能与NF-κB表达抑制有关。     

抗氧化剂mTHC对大鼠脏器缺血再灌注损伤的拮抗作用

目的探讨抗氧化剂mTHC对缺血再灌注（I/R）大鼠脏器损伤的拮抗作用。方法取24只Wistar大鼠建立I/R损伤模型。灌注前15min和缺血前期分别予mTHC 10mg/kg给药2次。再灌注末期将大鼠断头,取肝、回肠和肺组织样本做生化分析;以肺湿重/干重计算肺损伤程度。结果应用mTHC后,肝脏、小肠、肺丙二醛（MDA）水平分别为（49.2±1.5）、（21.2±2.7）、（79.4±3.7）μmol/g,P〈0.01;髓过氧化物酶（MPO）水平分别为（14.7±1.1）、（17.8±1.1）、（36.7±2.1）U/g,P〈0.05;还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平分别为（1.34±0.1）、（1.72±0.1）、（1.20±0.1）μmol/g,P〈0.05,AST、ALT分别为（36.2±2.4）、（50.1±2.2）mg/dl,肺湿重/干重为6.9±0.5。结论mTHC可能对I/R诱发的器官损伤有保护作用。     

心肌缺血/再灌注损伤后的肺组织损伤

目的初步探讨心肌缺血／再灌注损伤对肺组织损伤的可能机制。方法选取雄性成年SD大鼠（4～6月龄）,体重130～160g,建立成年大鼠缺血／再灌注模型。运用CK和MPO试剂盒检测肌酸激酶（CK）和髓过氧化物酶（MPO）的含量,运用双抗体夹心ABC—ELISA法检测细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）的含量。结果与伪手术组相比,缺血／再灌注大鼠的AN／AAR比值明显增高（P〈0．05）,CK在心肌缺血／再灌注大鼠血清中的含量明显升高（P〈0．05）,MPO与ICAM-1在心肌缺血／再灌注组大鼠血清和肺组织中含量明显升高（P〈0．05）。结论大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤后肺组织受到一定的损伤,可能与体循环中炎性介质的作用及肺组织的炎性应激有关。