Value of mammography and combined grey scale ultrasound and ultrasound elastography in the differentiation of solid breast lesions

Aim of the work

The aim of this work was to evaluate the value of ultrasound elastography (UE) in differentiating benign versus malignant solid breast lesions discovered in mammography and compare it with grey scale ultrasound (US) and mammography.

Methods

From May 2011 to May 2013, 114 solid lesions from 100 consecutive patients discovered during mammography were categorized into benign or malignant by mammography and US and further analyzed with UE. The diagnostic results of the cases were compared with histopathologic findings.

Results

Of 114 lesions, 33 were histologically malignant, and 81 were benign. UE was the most specific (95.1%) of the 3 modalities. The accuracy (81.7%) of UE was equal to mammography and was higher than those of US (82.5% and 71.9%, respectively). A combination of UE and US had the best sensitivity (90.9%) and accuracy (93.8%).

Conclusions

Ultrasound elastography is useful for breast lesion characterization and is an easier and cheaper method and more specific than mammography or US alone, but it is operator dependent. When combined with US, detection accuracy can be greatly improved and the combination potentially could reduce unnecessary biopsy.     

Optimization of X-ray mammography and technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintimammography in the diagnosis of non-palpable breast lesions

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) scintimammography to the early diagnosis of breast cancer in 78 patients with non-palpable breast lesions detected by mammography. In all cases biopsy was indicated and they were classified into three groups according to the mammographic findings: high (28), intermediate (30) and low (20) mammographic probability of malignancy. Histological diagnosis confirmed 37 benign and 41 malignant lesions. In the high-probability group ^99mTc-MIBI scintimammography changed the four false-positives into true negatives at the expense of two false-negatives; in the intermediate group it changed nine of the 17 false-positives into true-negatives at the expense of one false-negative, and in the low-probability group it changed five of the 16 false-positives into true-negatives without false-negatives. Applying scintimammography to patients included in the intermediate and low-probability groups together, 14 of the 33 mammographic false-positives were changed into true-negatives with 1 false-negative; thus, 41% of the unnecessary biopsies would have been avoided. When MIBI scintimammography was applied to the low-probability group, the negative predictive value was 100% and the unnecessary biopsies would have been reduced by 31%. Received 10 November 1997 and in revised form 19 January 1998     

钼靶联合B超定位对不可触及乳腺钙化灶切除的临床意义

目的：探讨钼靶联合B超定位在切除不可触及乳腺钙化灶（nonpalpable breastcal cification,NPBC）中的价值。方法：对钼靶发现钙化灶,临床不可触及包块的28例患者资料进行分析,钼靶联合B超定位,切除病灶送钼靶检测,必要时行补充切除。结果：28例中26例（93％）为一次切除,2例（7％）为补充切除,切除率为100％。结论：术前铝靶联合超声体表定位有助于NPBC切除,也有助于乳腺癌的早期治疗。     

Histologic work-up of non-palpable breast lesions classified as probably benign at initial mammography and/or ultrasound (BI-RADS category 3)

Purpose

To determine the accuracy of a probably benign assessment of non-palpable breast lesions (BI-RADS category 3) at mammography and/or ultrasound with immediate histological work-up.

Materials and methods

Stereotactic or ultrasound guided core needle breast biopsy (NBB) was performed to evaluate 288 lesions, which were prospectively assessed as BI-RADS category 3. Imaging findings included 195 masses, 73 calcification cases, 16 focal asymmetries, and four architectural distortion cases. After NBB, patients underwent either open surgical biopsy (OSB) (n = 204) or mammographic follow-up (n = 84) for at least 24 months. Histological results of NBB were compared with those of OSB.

Results

Three of the 288 lesions (1.0%) proved to be malignant at histological work-up, two of them were ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and one of them was an invasive carcinoma. NBB revealed invasive carcinoma in 1/288 (0.35%) and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) in 13/288 (4.5%) lesions. OSB revealed DCIS in 2/204 (1%) and invasive carcinoma in 1/204 (0.5%) lesions. The two DCIS were underestimated as ADH by NBB. The remaining 285 (99%) lesions proved to be benign at OSB or remained stable during follow-up.

Conclusion

Confirmed by tissue diagnosis, the low likelihood of malignancy of prospectively assessed probably benign lesions is below the 2% threshold established for BI-RADS category 3. Imaging follow-up is a safe and effective alternative to immediate histological work-up for such lesions.     

Comparison of the diagnostic performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), ultrasound and mammography for detection of breast cancer based on tumor type,breast density and patient's history: A review

ObjectiveBreast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Mammography and ultrasound are commonly used in a clinical environment as the first choice for breast cancer detection. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been reported to reveal additional information. In the following review MRI, Ultrasound (US) and Mammography (MM) are all compared in terms of their diagnostic performance on breast cancer detection, depending on tumor type, breast density and patient's history.Key findingsEvaluating each modality alone, MRI provided an overall sensitivity and specificity of 94.6% (range 85.7%–100%) and 74.2% (range 25%–100%) respectively, while mammography showed that the overall sensitivity was at 54.5% (range 27%–86.8%) and specificity was 85.5% (range 62.9%–98.8%). The overall sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound was 67.2% (range 26.9%–87.5%) and 76.8% (range 18.8%–96.9%). When combining the results of all three techniques, it resulted in a sensitivity of 97.7% (range 95%–100%) and a specificity of 63.3% (range 37.1%–87.5%). In addition, contrast-enhanced mammography (CE-MM) and MRI (CE-MRI) illustrated an overall sensitivity and specificity for CE-MM was 90.5% (range 80.9%–100%) and 52.6% (range 15%–76.1%) and for CE-MRI, the overall sensitivity and specificity was 91.5% (range 89.1%–93.8%) and 64.7% (range 43.7%–85.7%).ConclusionAs modalities alone, the highest sensitivity has been observed for MRI and the lowest sensitivity for mammography regardless breast type, density, and history. Sensitivity is even more increased from the combination of US + MRI or MM + MRI or MRI + MM + US. The specificity seems to be affected by the size, type of the tumor and patient's history, however based on breast density, the highest specificity was observed by US alone.Implications for practiceBreast cancer screening is of outmost importance and identifying the best technique will improve cancer management. Combining techniques increases diagnostic ability compared with using modalities alone. CE-MM can be a viable option in dense breast tissue when there are contraindications to MRI as it also has high sensitivity based on the type of breast cancer.     

乳腺X线摄影及MRI结合临床特征对乳腺高危病变诊断价值

目的探讨乳腺X线摄影及MRI征象结合临床特征预测乳腺高危病变恶性升级的价值。方法回顾性分析复旦大学附属肿瘤医院2017年1月至2018年3月经病理证实为乳腺高危病变,且活检前行乳腺X线摄影和MRI检查的230例患者。分析乳腺病变X线摄影及MRI征象,并以病理结果为金标准,评估高危病变升级率与临床及影像特征的关系。采用独立样本t检验与χ2检验比较升级组与未升级组患者临床及影像特征的差异,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线比较乳腺X线和MRI对乳腺高危病变升级率的诊断效能,采用Binary logistic回归分析比较高危病变升级率与临床、影像学征象之间的关系。结果230例患者病灶均为单发。47例在后续再手术中升级为恶性病变,升级率为20.4%(47/230)。未升级组与升级组乳腺高危病变患者的年龄、病灶最大径以及绝经状态差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。未升级组和升级组患者间的乳腺X线摄影征象的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),乳腺MRI征象和MRI背景实质强化的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。乳腺X线摄影和MRI评估高危病变升级为恶性病变的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.606、0.913,MRI诊断优于乳腺X线摄影(Z=6.919,P<0.01)。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、病灶最大径、中重度背景强化为预测高危病变升级的正相关因素,已绝经、MRI诊断阴性为预测高危病变升级的负相关因素(P<0.05);多因素分析显示,年龄以及MRI背景实质强化是预测乳腺高危病变升级的独立因素(P<0.01)。结论MRI对高危病变升级的诊断效能优于乳腺X线,年龄越大,MRI背景实质强化中重度可提示高危病变的恶性升级。     

全数字化乳腺摄影对妇女致密型乳腺病变的诊断价值

目的探讨全数字化乳腺摄影（FFDM）对妇女致密型乳腺病变的诊断价值。方法搜集2003年4月至2004年9月门诊及体检者行FFDM的3500余例中致密型乳腺的66例乳腺癌及6例癌前病变，12例囊性增生症，58例纤维腺瘤，1例结核，4例囊肿，11例乳腺腺病作为研究对象。全部病例采用美国GE公司的平板2000D全数字化乳腺摄影机检查，并经病理证实。检查体位常规采用头足位（CC）、内外斜位（MLO），必要时加摄侧位及局部点片。对临床未触及肿块的乳腺癌，均行术前定位。结果72例乳腺癌及癌前病变中，临床触及肿块者57例，未触及肿块者15例。影像表现为肿块23例；肿块并微小钙化18例；片状弥漫微小钙化伴局部结构紊乱11例；结构紊乱并粗长毛刺12例；簇状微小钙化2例；片簇状微小钙化1例；结构紊乱1例；小星状结构1例；长毛刺星状结构1例；平片无明显影像表现2例，其中1例仅导管造影显示僵硬、中断。共发现假阳性10例，假阴性5例，得出FFDM对乳腺癌诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为93．06％、88．37％、90．51％。良性病变中，58例纤维腺瘤，表现为肿块38例，肿块伴钙化20例；12例囊性增生症，表现为肿块10例，肿块伴点状钙化2例；11例乳腺腺病，表现为肿块9例，肿块伴点状钙化2例。4例囊肿和1例结核，均表现为肿块。结论FFDM能清晰显示乳腺癌的直接及间接征象，尤其能够显示致密乳腺的结构紊乱、粗长毛刺及微小钙化，对临床未触及肿块的乳腺癌及癌前病变具有重要的诊断价值。     

三阴性乳腺癌钼靶与超声特征探讨

＿目的：探讨三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）钼靶X线和超声影像特征。方法：回顾性分析54例TNBC患者的钼靶X线和超声影像资料。结果：TNBC 肿瘤组织学分级高,在钼靶 X 线上常表现为肿块（69．8％）,很少表现为肿块伴钙化（15．1％）、单纯钙化（1．9％）、局限性非对称致密（9．4％）或结构扭曲（3．8％）。肿块形状主要为圆形或椭圆形（62．2％）,很少表现为不规则形（17．8％）。肿块常为清晰边缘（35．6％）,毛刺边缘（11．1％）少见。在超声检查中,TNBC 主要表现为肿块（87．0％）,很少表现肿块伴钙化（9．3％）、单纯钙化（0％）或结构扭曲（3．7％）。肿块形状主要为圆形或椭圆形（51．9％）,其次是不规则形（48．1％）。肿块常为清晰边缘（48．1％）,毛刺边缘（5．8％）少见。肿块内部回声以低回声和混杂回声为主,肿块后方回声衰减少见,弹性评分多为4或5。结论：TNBC钼靶X线和超声表现更倾向于良性肿瘤的特点,了解其影像特征有助于提高TNBC的诊断水平。     

乳腺X线摄影引导下导丝定位在触诊阴性病灶切除术中的综合评价

目的 综合评价导丝导向定位术在触诊阴性乳腺病灶中的应用价值.方法 对84例触诊阴性乳腺病灶行导丝导向定位术103处,记录病灶大小、分布特征、标本体积、剂量参数和患者术中反应,评价病灶大小、特征、定位准确度对切除标本大小的影响以及定位术中辐射剂量和患者的耐受程度.结果 定位适中74处,过深14处,过浅9处,完全偏离病灶靶点6处.1次性切除病灶99处,4处病灶2次切除,标本平均体积为11.47cm^3.检出良性病变占59.2％（61/103处）;不典型增生8.7％（9/103处）;乳腺癌32.1％（33/103处）.定位术中辐射剂量近似为常规摄影辐射剂量的2倍,11例患者发生迷走反应.结论 立体定位导丝导向定位术可在完整切除病灶的同时缩小手术范围,是目前应用于触诊阴性的乳腺病灶的有效方法.病灶大小、分布特征和定位准确度是影响病灶切除体积大小的重要因素,且术中的高辐射剂量及患者在术中的护理均值得关注.     

乳腺立体定位核芯针活检的病理组织学低估原因分析

目的 分析乳腺立体定位核芯针活检的病理组织学低估的原因,以期引起临床多学科的重视及客观对待.方法 2000年9月至2005年9月,对146例乳腺病变患者(179个病变)进行立体定位核芯针病变部位穿刺活检,发生病理组织学低估21个.病变均不可触及(NPBL),根据乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI.RADS),活检前诊断BI-RADS m类6个,Ⅳ类12个,V类3个,影像表现为钙化16个,肿块2个,不对称性致密1个,星芒征2个.结果 活检为纤维囊性乳腺病并导管上皮不典型增生11个,手术诊断为导管原位癌7个,伴早期浸润4个;活检为重度乳腺导管不典型增生3个,手术诊断为原位癌1个,原位癌伴早期浸润2个;活检为乳腺导管原位癌3个,手术证实均为浸润性癌;活检为乳头状病变4个,手术证实为原位癌及伴早期浸润各1个、浸润性导管癌及乳腺导管内乳头状腺癌各1个.结论 乳腺核芯针活检的病理组织学低估与立体定位技术、病变本身及医师的认识有关,放射科医师应熟练掌握活检技术并力求全面取材,当穿刺活检结果与影像表现不符时,应重新评价病变的实际病理诊断.     

Unusual mammographic and ultrasonographic findings in fibromatosis of the breast

Fibromatosis of the breast is an uncommon disease, most often appearing as an aggressive lesion mimicking carcinoma on mammography. We describe, in an asymptomatic 40-year-old woman, an unusual imaging appearance of fibromatosis of the breast mimicking a benign lesion at mammographic and sonographic studies.     

Role of sonoelastography in non-palpable breast lesions

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of sonoelastography in differentiating benign from malignant non-palpable breast lesions. A total of 293 BI-RADS 3–5 (Breast Imaging Reporting And Data System) impalpable breast lesions in 278 women was evaluated with B-mode ultrasound (US) and subsequently with sonoelastography (SE) before performing US-guided biopsy. Among the 293 lesions (size up to 2 cm), 110 (37.5%) were histologically malignant and 183 (62.5%) benign. Lesions that were malignant or showed atypical ductal hyperplasia were referred for surgical excision, as well as 32 benign lesions showing discordance between US/SE results and histology. All other benign lesions had US follow-up at 6/12 months, showing stability. Overall performance of SE was lower than US, with sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 80.9%, respectively, for SE as compared with 95.4% and 87.4% for US. Statistical analysis showed no improvement in the joint use of SE and US over the use of US alone, whose performance, however, was very high in our study. SE is a simple, fast and non-invasive diagnostic method that may be a useful aid to US for less experienced radiologists in the assessment of solid non-palpable breast lesions, especially BI-RADS 3, where specificity was higher (88.7%).     

Towards a more sophisticated use of breast ultrasound

The diagnostic role of breast ultrasound has been expanded along with the improvement of high-frequency transducers and digital technology. Vascular assessment has progressed enough to depict normal vascular anatomy of the breast and the lymph nodes. Pathologic vessels are seen in almost all the tumors, thus improving US sensitivity for nonpalpable carcinomas. New contrast agents will recirculate enough to search for vascular foci during a thorough investigation of both breasts and nodal stations. The US role in screening might be now revised. Many factors are now in favor of targeted US screening in dense and complex breasts and in high-risk patients. Screening sensitivity is significantly increased. Most of these US-detected tumors are small enough to be curable. Mammography and sonography together are a unique problem-solving and cost-effective tool. They can easily guide fine aspirations or larger biopsies reducing the cost of unnecessary surgical procedures. Accurate US investigations facilitate the surgical approach to a very conservative and cosmetic operation. High-resolution sonography can demonstrate the intraductal spread of tumors and their multiple foci more easily than mammography, but US diagnosis is less sensitive than magnetic resonance mammography in the evaluation of the real tumoral extent. Ductal branching has a complex pattern; therefore, intraductal spread and multifocal nodes are better demonstrated by multiplanar analysis of 3D ultrasound data volumes. Sonography can easily explore the different nodal chains. Metastatic disease is indicated by an enlarged and round shape and the absence of the echogenic hilum. Irregularities in the cortex are a very useful sign in metastatic nodes without total replacement of lymphoid tissue by neoplastic cells. These signs are very specific. A time-consuming, radiation-emitting and costly sentinel biopsy may be avoided in one of every five clinically node-negative patients. But preoperative US assessment is also important as sonography is very sensitive in patients with extensive nodal involvement that might result negative at the sentinel node procedure. New technologies and contrast agents allow perfusional studies that enhance the contrast resolution and will increase the sensitivity of US for small nodal metastases.     

Comparison of stereotactic fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy in 522 non-palpable breast lesions

Purpose: 
To compare the accuracy of stereotactic fine needle aspiration cytologies (S-FNAC) and stereotactic core needle biopsies (S-CNB) in non-palpable breast lesions. Material and Methods: 
Between May 1993 and December 2000, 696 patients with mammographically detected lesions were biopsied both with S-FNAC and S-CNB. S-FNAC was performed with spinal needle 22- or 20-gauge and S-CNB with an automated 14-gauge gun. Results: 
Of the 696 patients, 522 (75%) underwent breast surgery with postoperative histopathology. In all, 448 of these 522 women (86%) had malignant and 74 (14%) had benign lesions. S-FNAC revealed cancer in 254 (57%) and probable cancer in 48 (11%) (sensitivity 68%, specificity 99.6%) and S-CNB revealed cancer in 388 (87%) and probable cancer in 18 (4%) (sensitivity 90%, specificity 98.8%) of these 448 patients. Conclusion: 
S-CNB was more accurate than S-FNAC in the diagnosis of non-palpable breast cancer.     

Factors associated with one step surgery in case of non-palpable breast cancer

PURPOSE: To examine factors associated with one step surgery in case of non-palpable breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data of 152 consecutively diagnosed patients with breast cancer were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative diagnostic findings were divided in subgroups: mammographically visible mass/microcalcifications/sonographically visible mass/sonographically visible architectural distortion. Correlation between tumor-size, radiologic tumor morphology, quality of localization and number of operation was evulated. For localization exact wire position was defined less than 3mm apart from the lesion. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-six patients attempted breast conservation and underwent preoperative tumor localization. Fourteen of 16 patients had mastectomy without preoperative localization. Average tumor size was 12mm for one-operation, and 17mm for re-operation. Significant correlation (p<0.001) was found between one operation and masses visible in mammograms (55/62 (89%) patients) or sonography (53/64 (83%) patients). Significant correlation was found (p<0.001) between more re-operation and microcalcifications in mammograms (33/89 (37% patients). In 123/138 (89%) cases wire position was central, in 15/138 (11%) cases distance was maximally 10mm. No significant correlation was found between number of operation and wire position. Re-operation was required in 38 cases. CONCLUSION: Mammographically or sonographically visible mass, small size of tumors, preoperative percutaneous biopsy and exact preoperative localization are important for a single step procedure for definite surgical treatment, that we found in 74% of the patients.     

Calcified pilomatrixoma of the breast: mammographic and sonographic findings

The authors report the ultrasonographic and mammographic features of a case of pilomatrixoma of the breast, a rare benign neoplasm originating from the hair matrix.     

乳腺黏液腺癌钼靶X线与磁共振成像特点及诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)及钼靶X线摄影检查对乳腺黏液腺癌的诊断价值。方法收集本院经手术病理证实的乳腺黏液腺癌12例,回顾性分析MRI成像、X线钼靶摄影及影像表现特点。结果单纯性8例,混合性4例。MRI表现:所有病例均表现为肿块,平扫T1WI为低信号或等低信号,T2WI为高信号或极高信号;动态增强扫描病灶呈渐进性明显强化,2例呈轻度强化;磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)病灶呈高信号,表观扩散系数(ADC)值增高。X线表现:肿块9例,不规则团片状2例,结构扭曲变形1例,内有钙化1例。病灶均表现为高密度,边缘清7例,边缘不清5例,其中边缘毛刺3例。MRI准确率71%,X线准确率67%,MRI和X线敏感性均100%。结论乳腺黏液腺癌由于含有黏液成分,MRI和X线影像表现上有一定特征,对本病诊断有一定价值,MRI准确性高于X线,二者应相互结合。     

Targeted ultrasound for MR-detected lesions in breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the usefulness of targeted ultrasound (US) in the identification of additional suspicious lesions found by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in breast cancer patients and the changes in treatment based on the identification of the lesions by the use of targeted US. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred forty nine patients who underwent breast MR imaging for a preoperative evaluation of breast cancer between January 2002 and July 2004 were included in the study. We searched all cases for any additional lesions that were found initially by MR imaging and investigated the performance of targeted US in identifying the lesions. We also investigated their pathological outcomes and changes in treatment as a result of lesion identification. RESULTS: Of the 149 patients with breast cancer, additional suspicious lesions were detected with MR imaging in 62 patients (42%). Of the 69 additional lesions found in those 62 patients, 26 (38%) were confirmed as cancers by histology. Thirty-eight lesions in 31 patients were examined with targeted US and were histologically revealed as cancers in 18 (47%), high risk lesions in two (5%), benign lesions in 15 (39%), and unidentified lesions in three (8%). The cancer rate was statistically higher in lesions with a US correlate than in lesions without a US correlate (p = 0.028). Of 31 patients, the surgical plan was altered in 27 (87%). The use of targeted US justified a change in treatment for 22 patients (81%) and misled five patients (19%) into having an unnecessary surgical excision. CONCLUSION: Targeted US can play a useful role in the evaluation of additional suspicious lesions detected by MR imaging in breast cancer patients, but is limited in lesions without a US correlate.     

乳腺实质X线分型法与BI-RADS分类法在农村妇女乳腺癌筛查中的相关性研究

目的:探讨乳腺实质X线分型法(mammographic parenchymal patterns,MPP)与乳腺影像报告和数据系统法(breast imaging reporting and data system,BI-RADS)在农村妇女乳腺癌筛查中分类结果的相关性及应用意义。方法:2 619例本地区农村妇女,其X线检查结果行MPP分型和BI-RADS分类法分类,将MPP的Ⅲc、Ⅳc型及BI-RADS分类法Ⅲ^Ⅴ类定为高危患者。对BI-RADS分类Ⅰ、Ⅱ类的MPP高危妇女,随访2年后重新行BI-RADS分类,比较2种分类方法的关联性及随访差异。结果:2 619例农村妇女MPP所得各型结果及其包含BI-RADS分类法高危结果:Ⅰa 66例/5例,Ⅰb 189例/3例;Ⅱa 354例/6例,Ⅱb 96例/1例;Ⅲa 153例/6例,Ⅲb 132例/1例,Ⅲc 93例/6例;Ⅳa 474例/14例,Ⅳb 564例/45例,Ⅳc 66例/9例。2种分类方法关联分析有意义(P<0.05),Spearman秩相关分析无意义(P>0.05)。207例BI-RADS分类非高危的MPP高危妇女,随访有6例BI-RADS分类评价为高危(P<0.05)。结论:MPP用于农村妇女乳腺癌筛查有意义,与BI-RADS分类法所得结果有关联,但不密切。     

乳腺导管造影在溢液性乳腺癌诊断中的应用

目的：探讨不同病理类型的溢液性乳腺癌在乳腺导管造影中的X线征象,提高对本病的诊断水平。方法：搜集经手术病理证实并行乳腺X线片及腺导管造影检查的乳腺癌108例,溢液性质为血性62例,浆液46例,临床因溢液而疑及乳腺癌。分析不同病理类型乳腺癌（浸润性导管癌64例,浸润性小叶癌23例,其他21例包括髓样癌7例,化生性癌1例,富于脂质癌2例,导管原位癌7例,粘液癌1例,浸润性乳头状癌3例）在乳腺导管造影中的X线征象。结果：乳腺癌导管造影主要征象：鼠尾征13例,导管走行僵直16例,充盈缺损（杯口征）7例,导管扩张99例,截断征（刀切征）24例,导管结构紊乱60例,断续征37例,虫蚀样改变30例,潭湖征32例。108例乳腺癌中有106例合并两种以上征象。浸润性导管癌最多见,64例,占50%;其次为浸润性小叶癌,23例,占21.3%。结论：充分认识溢液性乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影征象,对进一步明确乳腺癌的诊断具有重要价值,合并征象越多,对乳腺癌的诊断价值越高。