Study of the Pathogenesis of Hypertension Associated with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｅＰａｔｈｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓｏｆＨｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｏｎＡｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈＮｏｎ┐ＩｎｓｕｌｉｎＤｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔＤｉａｂｅｔｅｓＭｅｌｉｔｕｓＤｉｎｇＧｕｏｘｉａｎ（丁国宪）ＣｈｅｎＪｉａｗｅｉ（陈家伟）ＨｅＲｏｎｇｈｕａ（...     

Effects of Portulaca Oleracea on Insulin Resistance in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Insulinresistance(IR)isthecommon patho physiologicalbasisforagroupofmetabolicabnormali tiescalledinsulinresistancesyndrome,whichin cludestype 2diabetesmellitus(T2DM),obesity,lipidmetabolicdisturbance,primaryhypertensionandatherosclerosis.ItwasoncereportedthataChinesemedicinalherb,Portulacaoleracea,usedalonecouldeffectivelytreatdiabetesmellitusinhumans(1) asithastheactionofamelioratinghyperlipidemia,andpreventingandcuringatherosclerosis(2,3).Butexper imentalstudyofPortulacaoleraceaoninsulinr…     

The Influence of the Pro12Ala Mutation of PPARγ2 Receptor Gene on β-cells Restoration and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes with Hypertension

Type2diabetes(T2DM)isageneraldiseasesduetobothgeneticandenvironmentalfactors[1],andT2DMissusceptibletohypertension(HP).Clinicalandexperimentalstudieshaveindicatedthatinsulinresistanceandhyperinsulinemiaareim portantfactorsresultingindiabetesandhyperten sion.Therefore,geneticfactorscontributealottoT2DMwithhypertension.Uptonow,moststudiesconcerningtheasso ciationbetweenthismutationandsomecomplextraits,suchasobesity,insulinresistanceandT2DM,showedthattheX12Ala(eitherPro12AlaorAla12Ala)gen…     

Clinical Observations on the Dose-effect Relationship of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction(葛根芩连汤)on 54 Out-patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of different dosages of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction (葛根芩连汤) on type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Fifty-four type 2 diabetic patients from low dosage group (20 cases), medium dosage group (19 cases) and high dosage group (15 cases) were treated with different dosage of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction for 12 weeks. Fasting blood-glucose (FBG), postprandial blood sugar (PBG) and Hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc) were determined before and after treatment. Results: With the increase of dosage, the overall effective rate of glycaemic control increased, and FBG, PBG, HbAlc decreased. The overall effective rate of blood glucose control of high dosage, medium dosage and low dosage group were 80%, 47%, 30% respectively, and there were significant differences between high dosage group and low dosage group. The decrease of FBG, PBG and HbAlc of high dosage showed significant differences from low dosage too. These data was analyzed by trend χ2 test and covariance analysis. Conclusion: The result indicated that different dosage of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction has dose-effect relationship in reducing HbAlc and FBG.     

Efficacy Observation of Insulin Pump in the Therapy of Patients with Type Ⅱ Diabetes

目的:观察短期胰岛素泵强化治疗2型糖尿病的疗效.方法:将52例2型糖尿病患者随机分成两组:持续皮下输注胰岛素(CSⅡ)即胰岛素泵组和每天多次胰岛素皮下注射(MSⅡ)组,观察两组的空腹和餐后血糖、血糖达标所需时间、胰岛素用量及低血糖事件.结果:CSⅡ组血糖达标所需时间、胰岛素用量和低血糖发生次数都显著低于MSⅡ组(p＜0.05).结论:CSⅡ不仅能快速平稳地控制血糖,而且需要的胰岛素用量相对较少,低血糖发生率相对较低.     

Effect of Jiangtang Bushen Recipe (降糖补肾方) in Intervention Treatment of Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Objective:To evaluate the intervention effect of diet, exercise and Jiangtang Bushen Recipe (JBR, 降糖补肾方), a Chinese herbal recipe, in preventing the progress of patients with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) to diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2. Methods: Fifty-one IGT patients with their diagnosis conformed to the diagnosis standard of WHO, 1999, were randomly divided into the control group (n = 26) and the TCM group (n=25). Patients in the control group attended to the educational course for DM and received dietotherapy and kinetotherapy, and to those in the TCM group, under these treatments, JBR was given additionally. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), body weight index (BWI), levels of blood lipids and fasting insulin of all the patients were examined after 3 months, 6 months and 12 months of treatment. The total observation time was 1 year. Results:Except the 6 cases out of the 51 patients (11.7%), on whom the observa-tion discontinued, in the control group, as compared with before treatment, l     

Preliminary Comparative Study on the Effect of Different Chinese Drugs for Strengthening Pi(脾)in Antagonizing Diet Induced Obesity

<正>Objective:To observe the difference in fatty degree,glucose-lipid disorder and adipose-hormones between diet induced obesity(DIO) rats and diet induced obesity resistance(DIO-R) rats,and to explore the effect and acting mechanism of Chinese drugs for strengthening Pi(脾,CD-SP) and those for both strengthening Pi and dissolving phlegm(CD-SPDP) in inhibiting obesity.Methods:Excepting eight rats allocated in the blank control group,the other 54 rats were fed with high-lipid forage for 12 weeks to establish models of obesity. Finally,30 DIO rats and 8 DIO-R rats(shown by their body weight) were obtained.The DIO rats were divided into three groups,which were given gastric perfusion,respectively,with normal saline(Group A),CD-SP(Group B),and CD-SPDP(Group C).Fourteen weeks later,the animals' body weight(BW),length(BL),blood levels of fasting insulin(Fln),fasting glucose(FBG),triglyceride(TG),cholesterol(TC),leptin(LP),neuropeptide Y(NPY), C-reactive protein(CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),adiponectin(AN),and resistin(RS) were measured; insulin resistance index(IRI) was calculated,and the degree of obesity and lipid content in abdominal cavity of rats were estimated.Moreover,the levels of LP,CRP,TNF-α,AN and RS in homogenate of rats' adipose tissues(ATH) were determined.Results:After 12 weeks of high-lipid diet,the BW of DIO rats was higher than that of normal or DIO-R rats.After a 14-week continuous high-lipid diet feeding,in DIO rats,BW,lipid coefficient (LC),and IRI were significantly increased(P0.01);serum levels of TNF-α,LP and AN were lower,NPY was higher,while the ATH levels of LP and AN were lower and TNF-αwas higher in DIO rats than in DIO-R rats (P0.05 or P0.01);blood levels of FBG and lipids in DIO rats showed an increasing trend but was statistically insignificant(P0.05);no significant difference was found in serum levels of CRP and RS due to the overly high data dispersion.Comparisons of the 3 DIO groups showed that BW,body weight index(BWI),LC and IRI were significantly lowered after treatment(P0.01) in Group C,while these indexes were not significantly different between Group A and B;the serum levels of TNF-α,LP,and AN increased,NPY decreased in Group B and C, ATH levels of LP and AN increased,and TNF-αdecreased in the two groups;but NPY,LP,and AN in blood and ATH were higher in Group C than those in Group B(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion:CD-SPDP could inhibit DIO and IR,showing that the effect is better than that of CD-SP,and its mechanism is related to promotion of LP and AN secretion and elevation of serum NPY.     

Effect of Kaiyu Qingwei Granule (开郁清胃颗粒) on Insulin Receptor in Liver and Skeletal Muscular Cell Membrane in Diabetes Mellitus Rats

Objective: To investigate the effect of Kaiyu Qingwei granule (KYQWG, on the insulin binding capacity of liver and skeletal muscular cell membrane and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Rats in four experimental groups were investigated: the control group, the model group, the KYQWG group and the Metformin group. The insulin binding rate (IBR) of liver and skeletal muscular cell membrane was detected by receptor-ligand ra-diometric method and changes of serum levels of glucose, insulin and IGF-1 were observed before and after 4 weeks of medication. Results: The KYQWG group had a lower blood glucose level and ffiR of liver and muscular cell membrane, as compared with those in the model group (P<0. 01 or P<0.05), and a higher level of IGF-1 than that in the model group(P<0.01), but had no obvious changes in the serum level of insulin. Conclusion: KYQWG may increase the serum level of IGF-1 in diabetic rats, thus to decrease the insulin resistance a     

Effect of Electroacupuncture Stimulation on mRNA Expression of Angiotensinogen,Angiotensin Ⅱ Type 1 Receptor,Endothelin-1,and Endothelin A Receptor in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Aorta

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) stimulation on the expressions of angiotensinogen(AGT), angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1R), endothelin-1(ET1), and endothelin A receptor(ETAR) m RNA in spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR) aorta. Methods: Eighteen male SHRs were randomly divided into three groups, an SHR group, an SHR Baihui(DU 20) and Zusanli(ST 36) acupoint(SHR-AP) group, and an SHR non-acupoint(SHR-NAP) group, with 6 rats in each group. Six Wistar rats were used as a control. Rats in the SHR-AP group were stimulated by DU 20 and ST 36 acupoints, both of which were connected with EA. EA was handled one time every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, for total 24 times(8 weeks). SHRNAP rats were acupointed at a 15°angle flat into 0.5 cm to two points, which were 1 and 2 cm from rail tip separately. EA parameters were the same as the SHR-AP rats. SHR control rats and Wistar rats were fixed without EA. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to measure AGT, AT1 R, ET1, and ETAR m RNA expression in rat aorta. Results: EA stimulation significantly reduced rat aorta vascular AGT, ET1, ETAR and AT1 R m RNA expressions in the SHR-AP and SHR-NAP groups(P0.01). Among these four genes, AT1 R m RNA expression was significantly lower in the SHR-AP than in the SHR-NAP group(P0.01). Conclusion: EA could reduce the AT1 R m RNA expression in SHR-AP rat aorta, indicating a potential mechanism for the hypotensive effects of EA.     

Effect of Angiotensin Ⅱ on Cord Blood CD~(34+) Cells Expansion in vitro

In the development of the study on hematopoi etic stem cells, various hematopoietic cell growthfactors have received wide and profound research.Recently, some researchers wondered whether thebiological factors out of hematopoietic system hadsimilar effects on blood cells production and matu ration. AngiotensinⅡ is one of them. AngiotensinⅡ is recognized as a regulator of body water, elec trolyte and blood pressure equilibrium. But recentclinical experiments and laboratory studies…     

Effects of Jinmaitong Capsule (筋脉通胶囊) on Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor in Sciatic Nerves of Diabetes Mellitus Rats

Objective:To study the effects of the Chinese medicine Jinmaitong Capsule(筋脉通胶囊,JMT) on the pathomorphology of sciatic nerves,ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF),and the mRNA expressions of CNTF in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus(STZ-DM).Methods:The animal model was established by one time intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.The rats were simply divided by random into 5 groups including model group,low-dose JMT group(JL),medium-dose JMT group(JM),high-dose JMT group(JH) and neurotropin group.For each of the above 5 groups,a group of 10 normal Wistar rats matched in body weight,age and gender were set as normal group.Intragastric administrations were started after the animal model established.The JL group were administered with five times the JMT dose recommended for a human adult;the JM group were administered with ten times the JMT dose recommended for a human adult;the JH group were administered with twenty times the JMT dose recommended for a human adult.The neurotropin group was administered with ten times the neurotropin dose recommended for a human adult.All rats were given intragastric administration for 16 weeks and then killed.In the 4th,8th,12th,16th week,body weight and blood glucose level were detected before and after the intervention.The morphologic changes of the sciatic nerves were observed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope.The CNTFmRNA expressions were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain protein,and the CNTF protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemical method.Results:The blood glucose levels of the STZ-DM rats were much higher than normal group(P<0.01),and there was no apparent difference between any treatment groups and the model group(P>0.05).Before and after the intervention in the 4th, 8th,12th,16th week,there were no significant differences in the body weight among all the groups(P>0.05). The sciatic nerves of STZ-DM rats might have pathomorphological changes in axons,myelin sheaths,and interstitium.The levels of CNTF and CNTF-mRNA expressions in the STZ-DM rats were both significantly decreased(P<0.01).The sciatic nerves of STZ-DM rats might have pathomorphological changes in axons, myelin sheaths,and interstitium.Conclusion:JMT could improve the pathomorphology of sciatic nerves by increasing CNTF’s and CNTF-mRNA expressions in sciatic nerve tissues,and promote the repair and regeneration of damaged nerve fibers.     

Effect of Huan-shuai Recipe (缓衰方) on Expression of Extracellular Matrix in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats

Ｈｕａｎ ｓｈｕａｉＲｅｃｉｐｅ（ＨＳＲ，缓衰方），ａＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｈｅｒｂａｌｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌｐｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｙｔｈｅａｕ ｔｈｏｒｓ，ｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｅｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｉｎｇｖｉｔａｌｅｎｅｒｇｙ，ｎｏｕｒｉｓｈｉｎｇｂｌｏｏｄ，ｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｎｇｂｌｏｏｄｃｉｒｃｕｌａ ｔｉｏｎ，ｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｎｇｄｉｕｒｅｓｉｓｔｏｅｌｉｍｉｎａｔｅｅｖｉｌＷｅｔｎｅｓｓａｎｄｐｕｒｇｉｎｇｔｈｅＴｕｒｂｉｄｎｅｓｓ，ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｔ…     

Study on Effect of Baoyuan Qiangshen (保元强肾) Capsule No. Ⅱ on Tubular Interstitial Injury in Chronic Renal Failure Patients

Ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｒｅｎａｌｆａｉｌｕｒｅ（ＣＲＦ）ｉｓａｐｒｏｇｒｅｓ ｓｉｖｅｄｉｓｅａｓｅ．Ｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔｉｔｓｐａｔｈｏ ｇｅｎｅｓｉｓｈａｓｎｏｔｂｅｅｎｅｌｕｃｉｄａｔｅｄｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｌｙ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｖａｒｉｏｕｓｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｉｓｎｏｔｓａｔｉｓｆａｃｔｏｒｙ,ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｓｏｍｅａｕｔｈｏｒｓｈｅｌｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｔｕｂｕｌａｒｉｎｔｅｒｓｔｉｔｉａｌｉｎｊｕｒｙｐｌａｙｓａｎｉｍ ｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｔｈ…     

Effect of Nei-Yi Recipe (内异方) on plasma β-endorphin level during menstrual cycle in women with endometriosis

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＮｅｉ－ＹｉＲｅｃｉｐｅ（内异方）ｏｎＰｌａｓｍａβ－ＥｎｄｏｒｐｈｉｎｌｅｖｅｌｄｕｒｉｎｇＭｅｎｓｔｒｕａｌＣｙｃｌｅｉｎＷｏｍｅｎｗｉｔｈＥｎｄｏｍｅｔｒｉｏｓｉｓ　　ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＮｅｉ－ＹｉＲｅｃｉｐｅ（内异方）ｏｎＰｌａ...     

Effects of Serum Containing Xinlikang (心力康) on Angiotensin Ⅱ Induced Hypertrophy in Cultured Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Xinlikang (心力康,XLK) on angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ) induced hypertrophic cultured neonatal rat's cardiomyocyte (CMC). Methods: Primary cultured neonatal rat's CMCs with the purity certified by immunohistochemical technique, were divided into three groups. Rats in the normal control group were untreated; those in the model group were established into hypertrophic models but underwent no treatment; and those in the XLK group were established to hypertrophic models and treated with XLK containing serum obtained from rats with aorta coarctation after 8 days of feeding with XLK. MTT and phase-contrast microscope were used to evaluate the effect of XLK on cell activity, pulsating rhythm and surface area; Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) expression was determined by radioimmunoassay; Protein content was determined by Bradford method; and DNA synthesis was detected by flow cytometric assay. Results: Immunohistochemistry results showed that more than 90% of the cells wereα-sarcometin actin stained positive cells. No significant effect of XLK on normal CMC was found. AngⅡcould significantly induce hypertrophy in CMCs, and XLK could significantly decrease the increased surface area and the accelerated pulsating rate in them. ANP expression was 780±38 Mg/L in the model group, and 430±23μg/L in the control group, and the elevated expression of ANP in model rats was significantly decreased in the XLK group;The DNA content in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases was significantly enhanced and at the same time it was accompanied with increase of total protein content in the model rats after being stimulated by AngⅡfor 24 h, showing that serum-containing XLK could also significantly suppress total protein synthesis (P<0. 05). Conclusion: XLK could improve AngⅡmediated pathological growth of CMCs without influencing the growth of normal CMCs, suggesting that XLK is probably an effective drug for treatment of myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure.     

Effect of Aike Mixture(艾可合剂) on the Inflammatory Infiltration in Patients with Chronic Prostatitis Type Ⅲ A

Objective:To observe the effect of Aike Mixture(艾可合剂,AKM) on prostatic inflammatory infiltration in patients with chronic prostatitis typeⅢA(ⅢA-CP/CPPS) and evaluate its anti-inflammatory action. Methods:A total of 60 patients with 1 A-CP/CPPS suitable to operation and differentiated as Chinese medicine Gan(肝)-qi stagnancy syndrome type were selected.They were assigned with the random number table to two groups equally.Before operation,the patients in the treated group were administered with Proscar comb...     

Effect of Aike Mixture(艾可合剂) on the Inflammatory Infiltration in Patients with Chronic Prostatitis Type Ⅲ A

Objective  

To observe the effect of Aike Mixture (艾可合剂, AKM) on prostatic inflammatory: infiltration in patients with chronic prostatitis type III A (III A-CP/CPPS) and evaluate its anti-inflammatory action.     

Identification of Human Serum Protein Targets of Qianggu Decoction (强骨饮) in Primary Type Ⅰ Osteoporosis Based on Tandem Mass Tag Labeling and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technology

Objective: To investigate the serum protein targets of Qianggu Decoction (强骨饮, QGD) on treating osteoporosis by the proteomics analysis using tandem mass tag (TMT) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods: Twenty serum protein samples were recruited (10 patients with primary type Ⅰ osteoporosis before and after QGD treatment) and the high abundance ratios protein was removed, two serum samples were extracted and labeled with TMT reagent. Then, mass spectrometric detection, identification of differentially expressed proteins and bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins were carried out. Results: A total of 60 proteins were identified, within a 99% confidence interval, to be differentially regulated of which, 34 proteins were up-regulated and 26 proteins were down-regulated. Differentially expressed proteins analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) annotation mainly get involved in 12 different biological processes, 7 types of cellular components, and 6 kinds of molecular functions. Angiotensinogen (AGT), stromelysin-1 (MMP3), heparanase (HPSE) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were screened as candidate protein targets of QGD treatment, which were related to metabolic mechanism of bone remodeling and/or bone collagen of osteoporosis. By the utilization of the protein-protein interaction network analysis tool named STRING10.0, it showed that AGT, MMP3, HPSE and GAPDH were located in the key node of the protein-protein interactions network. Furthermore, AGT, MMP3, HPSE and GAPDH were found to be directly related to BMP, MAPK, Wnt, SMAD and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) families. Conclusions: The proteomics analysis by using TMT combined with LC-MS/MS was a feasible method for screening the potential therapeutic targets associated with QGD treatment. It suggests that AGT, MMP3, HPSE and GAPDH may be candidate protein targets of QGD treatment which can be used as therapeutic effect monitor and early diagnosis of primary type Ⅰ osteoporosis.     

Effect of Yiqi Bushen Granule (益气补肾颗粒) on the Peripheral Natural Killer Cell and γ δ T-cell in the Patients with Minimal Residual Leukemia

Objective: To analyze the changes in peripheral natural killer T-cells (NKT) and gammadelta T-cells (γδT-cell) in patients with minimal residual leukemia (MRL) before and after being treated with Yiqi Bushen Granule (益气补肾颗粒, YBG) in order to determine their significance in prognosis of the disease. Methods: Before and after treatment, the changes in 36 patients (16 males and 20 females) receiving long-term (more than 3 months) YBG therapy were analyzed using multi-parameter flow cytometry, with 34 healthy persons (19 males and 15 females) acting as controls. Results: The absolute value and percentage of NKT cells and γδT-cells were all significantly raised after treatment, for NKT cells, 0.52%±0.39% to 0.83%±0.66% and 7.25±7.77 cell/μL to 12.86±11.99 cell/μL, for γδT-cells, 6.08%±3.03% to 7.24%±2.78% and 83.97±48.09 cell/μL to 110.53±54.12 cell/μL, respectively (P0.05 or P0.01). Conclusion: YBG could regulate the immune function and elevate the amount of NKT cells and γδT-cells, thus to kill or suppress the residual leukemic cell in the body, which might be one of the mechanisms of YBG in prolonging the disease-free survival in MRL patients.