咬合重建大鼠三叉神经节CGRPmRNA及其相应蛋白的表达研究

目的：研究咬合重建对大鼠三叉神经节降钙素基因相关肽（calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP）及CGRPmRNA表达的影响。方法：Wistar雄性大鼠48只,随机均分为3个实验组及正常对照组。实验组动物间断磨除右上、下颌磨牙牙冠至龈下,有2组分别第3周、第9周停止磨牙,任其自行萌出,恢复咬合关系。双侧三叉神经节（trigeminal ganglia,TG）切片行CGRP免疫组织化学反应（SABC法）和原位杂交反应。光镜观察拍片,并用I mage Pro Plus5.1图像分析软件进行测定。SPSS10.0软件行统计分析。结果：单侧咀嚼实验组咀嚼侧和非咀嚼侧TG内CGRP免疫阳性神经元百分比与对照组比较显著降低（P〈0.01）,其非咀嚼侧明显低于咀嚼侧（P〈0.01）,而CGRPmRNA阳性神经元百分比显著增高（P〈0.01）,非咀嚼侧明显高于咀嚼侧（P〈0.01）。晚期恢复咬合实验组TG内CGRP和CGRPmRNA表达情况与单侧咀嚼实验组一致。结论：早期恢复咬合关系TG内CGRP和CGRPmRNA表达可恢复正常,晚期恢复咬合关系其表达不能恢复正常,CGRP和CGRPmRNA参与了单侧咀嚼引起的颞颌关节病的病理变化过程。     

咬合重建对大鼠三叉神经节P物质表达影响的研究

目的：研究咬合重建对大鼠三叉神经节P物质（substance P,SP）表达的影响。方法：Wistar雄性大鼠30只,随机分为3个实验组及相应的正常对照组,每组5只。实验组动物间断磨除右上、下颌磨牙牙冠至龈下,有2组分别第3周、第9周停止磨牙,任其自行萌出,恢复咬合关系。双侧三叉神经节（trigeminal ganglia,TG）切片行SP免疫组织化学反应（SABC法）。光镜观察拍片,并用Image Pro Plus5.1图像分析软件进行测定。结果与对照组对照。SPSS10.0软件行统计分析。结果：单侧咀嚼实验组咀嚼侧和非咀嚼侧TG内SP免疫阳性神经元百分比与对照组比较显著降低（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）,其非咀嚼侧明显低于咀嚼侧（P〈0.01）。早期恢复咬合实验组TG内免疫阳性神经元百分比与对照组比较无差别（P〉0.05）,其咀嚼侧与非咀嚼侧比较无差别（P〉0.05）。晚期恢复咬合实验组TG内免疫阳性神经元百分比与对照组比较显著降低（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）,其非咀嚼侧明显低于咀嚼侧（P〈0.05）。结论：早期恢复咬合关系TG内SP表达可恢复正常,晚期恢复咬合关系SP表达不能恢复正常,SP参与了单侧咀嚼引起的颞颌关节病的病理变化过程。     

咬合恢复对大鼠三叉神经节PPTA mRNA及其相应蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究咬合恢复对大鼠三叉神经节P物质(substance P,SP)及编码SP的前速激肽原A(PPTA)mRNA表达的影响.方法:Wistar雄性大鼠48只,随机分为3个实验组及相应的正常对照组,每组8只.实验组动物间断磨除右上、下颌磨牙牙冠至龈下,2组分别于第3、9周停止磨牙,任其自行萌出,恢复咬合关系.双侧三叉神经节(trigeminal ganglia,TG)切片行SP免疫组织化学反应(SABC法)和原位杂交反应.光镜观察摄片,并用Image Pro Plus 5.1图像分析软件进行测定.采用SPSS10.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析.结果:单侧咀嚼实验组咀嚼侧和非咀嚼侧TG内,SP阳性神经元百分比与对照组比较显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.05),其非咀嚼侧显著低于咀嚼侧(P<0.05);而PPTA mRNA阳性神经元百分比显著增高(P<0.01,P<0.05),其非咀嚼侧显著高于咀嚼侧(P<0.01).早期恢复咬合实验组TG内SP和PFTA mRNA阳性神经元百分比与对照组比较无显著差别(P>0.05),其咀嚼侧与非咀嚼侧比较无显著差别(P>0.05).晚期恢复咬合实验组TG内,SP和PPTA mRNA表达情况与单侧咀嚼实验组一致.结论:早期恢复咬合关系TG内SP和PPTA mRNA表达可恢复正常,晚期恢复咬合关系其表达不能恢复正常,SP和PPTA mRNA参与了单侧咀嚼引起的颞下颌关节病的病理变化过程.     

咬合重建对大鼠颞下颌关节降钙素基因相关肽表达的影响

目的研究咬合重建对大鼠颞下颌关节降钙素基因相关肽(calcitoningene-relatedpeptide,CGRP)表达的影响。方法Wistar雄性大鼠30只,随机分为3个实验组及相应的对照组,每组5只。实验组动物间断磨除右上、下颌磨牙牙冠至龈下,其中2组分别于第3周、第9周停止磨牙,任其自行萌出,恢复咬合关系。颞下颌关节切片行CGRP免疫组织化学反应(SABC法)。光镜观察拍片,用ImageProPlus5.1图像分析软件进行测定。结果与对照组比较,以SPSS10.0统计软件包进行分析。结果单侧咀嚼实验组,咀嚼侧和非咀嚼侧颞下颌关节单位面积内CGRP阳性纤维面积与对照组比较显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.05),其非咀嚼侧单位面积内CGRP阳性纤维面积显著高于咀嚼侧(P<0.05)。早期恢复咬合实验组,CGRP阳性纤维面积与对照组比较无显著差别(P>0.05),其咀嚼侧与非咀嚼侧比较亦无显著差别(P>0.05)。晚期恢复咬合实验组CGRP阳性纤维面积与对照组比较显著增加(P<0.01),其非咀嚼侧单位面积内CGRP阳性纤维面积显著高于咀嚼侧(P<0.05)。结论早期恢复咬合关系后,颞下颌关节内CGRP表达可恢复正常;晚期恢复咬合关系,CGRP表达不能恢复正常,CGRP参与了单侧咀嚼引起的颞下颌关节病的病理变化过程。     

咬合重建对大鼠颞颌关节P物质表达影响的研究

目的 研究咬合重建对大鼠颞颌关节P物质(substance P,SP)表达的影响.方法 Wistar雄性大鼠30只,随机分为3个实验组及相应的正常对照组,每组5只.实验组动物间断磨除右上、下颌磨牙牙冠至龈下,有二组分别第3周、第9周停止磨牙,任其自行萌出,恢复咬合关系.切片行SP免疫组织化学反应(SABC法)及HE染色.光镜观察拍片,并用Image Pro Plus 5.1图像分析软件分别进行测定.结果 与对照组对照.SPSS10.0软件行统计分析.结果 单侧咀嚼实验组咀嚼侧和非咀嚼侧颞颌关节单位面积内SP阳性纤维面积与对照组比较显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.05),其非咀嚼侧单位面积内SP阳性纤维面积明显高于咀嚼侧(P<0.01).早期恢复咬合实验组SP阳性纤维面积与对照组比较无差别(P>0.05),其咀嚼侧与非咀嚼侧比较无差别(P>0.05).晚期恢复咬合实验组SP阳性纤维面积与对照组比较显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.05),其非咀嚼侧单位面积内SP阳性纤维面积明显高于咀嚼侧(P<0.05).早期恢复咬合实验组HE切片关节结构基本正常,晚期恢复咬合实验组HE切片关节结构有受损病理变化.结论 早期恢复咬合关系颞颌关节内损伤及SP表达可恢复正常,晚期恢复咬合关系关节内损伤及SP表达不能恢复正常,SP参与了单侧咀嚼引起的颞颌关节病的病理变化过程.     

单侧咀嚼大鼠三叉神经节内PPTAmRNA及其相应蛋白的表达研究

目的:观察磨除单侧后牙造成单侧咀嚼的大鼠三叉神经节内P物质(substance P,SP)及编码 SP 的前速激肽原 A(PPTA)mRNA 的表达情况,进一步探讨颞颌关节病的发病机制.方法:Wistar 雄性大鼠48只,随机分为6组,包括3个实验组及相应对照组,每组8只.实验组动物磨除右侧上、下颌磨牙,人为造成单侧咀嚼.双侧三叉神经节切片行 SP 免疫组化(SABC法)和原位杂交反应.光镜观察拍片,并用 Image Pro Plus 5.1 图像分析软件进行测定.结果与对照组比较,用SPSS10.0软件进行统计分析.结果:每一实验组咀嚼侧和非咀嚼侧三叉神经节内 SP 免疫阳性神经元百分比与各自对照组比较显著降低(p<0.01,p<0.05),非咀嚼侧明显低于咀嚼侧(P<0.01,p<0.05).原位杂交结果显示,每一实验组咀嚼侧与非咀嚼侧三叉神经节中 PPTAmRNA 阳性神经元的数量较各自对照组明显增高(p<0.01),非咀嚼侧明显高于咀嚼侧(p<0.01,p<0.05).结论:三叉神经节内 SP 和 PPTAmRNA 参与了单侧咀嚼引起的颞颌关节病的病理过程,且两侧三叉神经节内SP释放量、PPTAmRNA 合成量不同.     

重度磨耗对大鼠三叉神经节中CGRP表达的影响

目的：探讨重度磨耗对大鼠三又神经节中降钙素基因相关肽（calcitonin gene—related petide,CGRP）表达的影响。方法：8周龄雄性SD大鼠75只,随机平均分为操作对照组、空白对照组和实验组,每组各25只,实验组用人工逐次磨低大鼠牙冠高度的方法建立重度磨耗动物模型。各组分别于干预后3、7、14、21、28天处死5只动物,取出双侧三叉神经节,通过免疫荧光染色的方法观察三叉神经节中CGRP的表达变化。结果：与空白对照组和操作对照组相比,实验组3天组和7天组的CGRP阳性神经元数量明显增加（P〈0．05）,14天组和21天组CGRP阳性神经元数量有所减少,但仍明显多于对照组（P〈0．05）,28天组基本恢复正常（P〉0．05）。结论：重度磨耗可导致大鼠三叉神经节内CGRP表达的可逆性变化。     

偏侧咀嚼对正畸牙移动影响的实验研究

目的通过建立偏侧咀嚼大鼠模型,探讨偏侧咀嚼对正畸牙移动过程的影响。方法选择30只6～8周龄,（250±10）g,雄性SD大鼠,随机分为实验组与对照组,每组各15只。通过拔除实验组大鼠右下颌所有磨牙使右上颌第一磨牙丧失咬合接触建立大鼠偏侧咀嚼动物模型,同时,在两组大鼠双侧上颌切牙和第一磨牙间放置镍钛拉簧,初始力值为50g,近中移动磨牙。分别于第0、3、7、10、14天测量大鼠上颌第一磨牙近中移动的距离并通过HE染色观察大鼠上颌第一磨牙牙周组织形态学变化。结果各时间点代偿性咀嚼增强侧牙移动速率均小于对照组（P〈0.05）,牙周组织变化与对照组相似;失咬合侧牙移动速率大于对照组（P〈0.05）,牙周组织出现退行性改变;但三种咬合状态下牙齿移动速率曲线均表现为瞬时运动、迟滞期及后期移动三个阶段。结论动物实验证实偏侧咀嚼引起正畸牙牙周组织发生相应改变最终影响牙移动速率,但无论牙移动速率快慢,牙移动均符合正畸性牙移动的一般规律。     

三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核星形胶质细胞对咬合创伤的反应

目的：观察大鼠咬合创伤后三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核（Sp5C）内星形胶质细胞的反应,探讨星形胶质细胞在咬合创伤中的作用。方法：用方丝将大鼠左侧上颌第一磨牙咬合抬高0.5mm,形成左侧磨牙早接触的创伤咬合。粘固后1,3,7,14,30d取三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核,免疫荧光染色观察星形胶质细胞在三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核的表达变化。结果：对照组见少量胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）阳性星形胶质细胞呈散在分布,咬合创伤3d时,实验侧GFAP阳性面积增加,荧光强度增强;7d时达到高峰,14d组GFAP阳性反应产物开始减少。结论：咬合创伤激活了星形胶质细胞,提示星形胶质细胞在口颌面痛产生及维持中发挥作用。     

偏[牙合]伴反殆患者治疗前后牙弓形态变化的研究

目的：分析与比较偏颌伴反[牙合]畸形矫治前后的牙弓形态变化。方法：选择偏颌伴反[牙合]畸形病例9例,制取矫治前后石膏模型。将模型平行于基准平面扫描到计算机。应用计算机测量软件测量上下颌尖牙、前磨牙和磨牙牙尖的纵横坐标值,分析牙弓矢向和横向的对称性、上下牙弓的协调性。采用SPSS11．0进行统计学分析。结果：矫治前上颌尖牙和第一前磨牙距腭中缝的距离偏向侧大于偏离侧（p〈0．05）,下颌从尖牙到第二磨牙偏向侧距中线的距离小于偏离侧（p〈0．05）;上颌尖牙和第一前磨牙的牙弓宽度比率较矫治后小（p〈0．05）,上颌第二前磨牙和第一磨牙的牙弓宽度比率矫治前后无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;上颌偏向侧和偏离侧牙齿的矢向位置变化无统计学差异（p〉0．05）,下颌牙齿在矢状方向第一磨牙偏向侧大于偏离侧（p〈0．05）。结论：偏颌畸形患者上牙弓前部较下牙弓前部窄,矫治易先扩大上颌牙弓,使得矫治后上下牙弓宽度比例协调。     

实验性牙移动三叉神经节内降钙素基因相关肽改变

目的：观察实验性牙移动后,初级感觉神经元兴奋性递质降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）的改变。分析正畸疼痛时,初级感觉神经元痛信号发生、传导及敏感化机制。方法：制备大鼠实验性牙移动动物模型,采用免疫荧光染色法和RT-PCR法分别观察不同时间点三叉神经节内CGRP免疫阳性结构的改变及CGRP mRNA表达的变化。结果：实验性牙移动后,实验侧三叉神经节（TG）内CGRP-ir节细胞以及CGRP mRNA的表达强于对侧。结论：实验性牙移动后,初级感觉神经元中痛感受兴奋性神经递质CGRP的合成、表达增加。表明实验性牙移动影响了初级感觉神经元痛信号的发生、传导,使之致敏。     

The efficacy of a fluoride chewing gum on salivary fluoride concentration and plaque pH in children

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was therefore to study the influence of different chewing times on the salivary F concentration and on the recovery of plaque pH directly after a sucrose rinse on both the chewing and the non-chewing side. METHODS: For this purpose, one piece of sugar free chewing gum was chewed to 10 healthy subjects (aged 8-10 years, 5 male and 5 female children). Subjects refrained from toothbrushing for 3 days. On the fourth day, they rinsed for 1 min with 10 microl of a 10% sucrose solutions. After 8 min, chewing gum was given and started to chew for either 5, 10, 20, 30, 45 min or control (sucrose rinse). Thus, altogether six test sessions were repeated at one week intervals. Measurements of F concentration in saliva and pH of approximal plaque were carried out at two contralateral sites for up to 60 min. RESULTS: Higher salivary F concentrations were found on the chewing side than on the non-chewing side (expressed as) (p<0.05). But, the difference between the chewing and the non-chewing side was not obvious for the plaque pH (expressed as AUC) (p>0.05). Therefore, this study showed that: (1) the F concentrations in saliva after chewing a F containing chewing gum had only small numerical differences among the various chewing times, with the exception for 5 min. All chewing time periods showed statistically significant differences between chewing and non-chewing side. (2) The prolonged chewing time increased the plaque pH recovery after a sucrose rinse (p<0.05) but there was no statistically significant difference on both of the chewing and non-chewing side (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that a prolonged chewing time was favorable to the plaque pH recovery after a sucrose rinse and, to a certain extent, to the salivary fluoride concentration. Also it was shown that the F concentration in saliva was strongly dependent on which side the subject chewed on.     

Cone beam computed tomography findings in temporomandibular joint of chronic qat chewers: Dimensional and osteoarthritic changes

The social habit of chewing qat (also known as khat) is widely practised in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It has been linked with various oro-facial conditions, including temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). This cross-sectional, comparative study sought to investigate the effects of qat chewing on temporomandibular joint (TMJ), using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 85 Yemeni males were included. The participants were divided into two groups: Qat chewers (QC; n = 41) and non-qat chewers (NQC; n = 44). Relevant data were obtained using a structured questionnaire and standardised clinical examination. Additionally, CBCT images of the TMJs were obtained, and then, osteoarthritic changes and TMJ dimensions were analysed. SPSS 21 was used for statistical analyses, with a significant level was set at 0.05. Compared to NQC, a significantly higher proportion of QC presented with clinical signs of TMDs. The qualitative CBCT findings revealed significantly higher osteoarthritic changes in QC than in NQC: osteophyte (51.2% vs 22.7%; P = .008), subcortical sclerosis (48.8% vs 27.3%; P = .047), articular surface flattening (46.3% vs 6.8%; P = .009) and subcortical cysts (43.9% vs 4.5%; P < .001). However, CBCT quantitative findings (condylar dimensions) did not show significant differences between the two groups. The chewing side of the QC group showed slightly more changes compared to the non-chewing side. The results demonstrate that qat chewing has detrimental effects on TMJ manifested mainly as osteoarthritic changes. Further large-scale studies are recommended.     

Identification and neuropeptide content of trigeminal neurons innervating the rat gingivomucosal tissue

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify and characterise the neuropeptide content and the size of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons innervating the rat gingivomucosal tissue. DESIGN: Retrograde nerve tracer Fluorogold (FG) was injected into the gingiva (group 1, n=5) or applied into the gingival sulcus (group 2, n=5) of the first right maxillary molar. After 10 days, the ganglia were dissected and FG fluorescence was observed under UV light microscope. Expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in FG-labelled neurons was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Cross-sectional areas of neuron cell bodies containing FG were determined. As a control group, approximately 1000 neuron cell bodies representing the entire TG neuron population was evaluated in five trigeminal ganglia. RESULTS: In group 1, the percentages of neurons containing CGRP (median 63%, range 48-72%) and SP (median 64%, range 54-64%) were significantly greater than in the control group (CGRP: median 43%, range 42-47% and SP: median 23%, range 21-27%). In group 2, only the percentage of neurons containing SP (median 50%, range 40-56%) was significantly greater than in the control group. FG-labelled neurons were predominantly small or medium sized (less than 1200 microm2). The neurons in the group 1 were significantly smaller than in group 2. In both experimental groups, immunopositive neurons were significantly smaller than immunonegative neurons. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of neurons in TG that innervate the rat gingivomucosa are small or medium sized and contain CGRP and SP.