十二指肠Brunner腺瘤内镜治疗

十二指肠Brunner腺瘤是一种少见的十二指肠良性肿瘤,由于其临床表现和常规检查缺乏特异性,常被误诊。近年来随着超声内镜检查应用和普及,使十二指肠Brunner腺瘤发现和诊断率得到提高。近4年来,我们在内镜下治疗了十二指肠Brunner腺瘤患者8例,现报道如下。     

胆囊十二指肠瘘34例分析

目的探讨胆囊十二指肠瘘的临床特点和诊治方法。方法对34例胆囊十二指肠瘘患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果本组患者的主要症状为间断性右上腹和上腹部疼痛,腹部超声检查发现胆囊结石30例。术前螺旋CT检查确诊为胆囊十二指肠瘘7例,上消化道钡餐造影检查确诊1例,内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）检查确诊1例。均行手术治疗,术后切口感染5例、十二指肠漏1例、出现呼吸循环系统并发症9例,均治愈。结论胆囊十二指肠瘘临床表现不典型,术前确诊困难,影像学检查有助于明确诊断;可根据病情采取不同手术方式治疗。     

胃镜摘除十二指肠球部Brunner腺瘤并文献复习

Brunner腺瘤是十二指肠罕见的良性肿瘤,系十二指肠Brunner腺增生所致,病因目前仍不清楚,多在胃镜检查时偶然发现,一般无临床症状.当肿瘤长到一定体积,表面糜烂、坏死、甚至溃疡,可引起消化道出血、贫血.现报道1例经我院诊治的巨大十二指肠息肉样增生,经内镜下切除后病理确诊为Brunner腺瘤,并进行文献复习.     

消化道平滑肌肿瘤216例诊断分析

目的：探讨消化道平滑肌肿瘤的临床特点和诊断方法，以期提高该病的早期诊断常。方法：回顾性分析了我院1964～2002年收治的消化道平滑肌肿瘤216例，均经手术和病理证实。结果：平滑肌瘤(LM)112例，平滑肌肉瘤(IS)104例。消化道出血、腹块、腹痛为胃肠平滑肌肿瘤三大主要临床表现。本组术前诊断率为64．35％，钡餐造影诊断75例，内镜检查诊断80例，超声内镜诊断16例，CT诊断15例，血管造影诊断11例，小肠气钡造影诊断2例。结论：评价诊断方法的选择，钡餐、内镜检查是主要诊断方法；超声内镜、血管造影有重要诊断价值；CT对诊断有很大帮助，尤其对腔外型病变。     

胃镜下摘除十二指肠球部Brunner腺瘤2例报告

Brunner腺瘤（Brunner gland adenoma,BGA）并非真性肿瘤,系Brunner腺增生所致,国外文献多称之为布氏腺错构瘤（Hamartoma of Brunner’s glands）,临床十分罕见。自1876年由Salvioli首次报道以来,迄今为止国内外文献中报道不超过200例。由于其临床表现和常规检查缺乏特异性,常被误诊。近3年来,我们在内镜下治疗了2例十二指肠Brunner腺瘤．现报道如下：     

内镜随访十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术32例预后分析

消化性溃疡穿孔是外科常见急腹症之一,其中以十二指肠溃疡穿孔发生率为高。采用修补术治疗溃疡穿孔的预后问题,以往多根据临床表现和X线检查作评价。本文从内镜观察角度,随访32例十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术后患者,现将结果分析如下。     

内镜超声检查对食管平滑肌瘤的诊治价值

目的 探讨内镜超声检查(EUS)对食管平滑肌瘤的诊治价值.方法 分析研究经EUS诊断为食管平滑肌瘤患者的临床表现及血清学、常规胃镜、EUS等检查结果.将EUS的诊断结果与内镜或手术切除的组织病理诊断结果进行比较.治疗后随访2～36个月,平均14.3个月,以观察疾病复发情况.结果 EUS诊断食管平滑肌瘤191例.患者的临床表现、血清学检查、常规胃镜和螺旋CT对食管平滑肌瘤无特异性诊断作用.116例分别接受内镜(111例)或外科手术(5例)摘除治疗,101例术后组织病理确诊为食管平滑肌瘤,EUS对该病的诊断准确率为87%.随访75例未治疗者和116例治疗者,发现前者病灶无明显变化,后者术后无复发.结论 食管平滑肌瘤是一种良性肿瘤,EUS对该病的诊治具有较高的临床价值.     

十二指肠巨大Brunner腺瘤合并出血1例报道

十二指肠Brunner腺瘤(Brunner gland adenoma,BGA)是一种较罕见的十二指肠良性肿瘤,本文报道1例BGA合并出血的治疗过程,总结Brunner腺瘤安全有效的方法是内镜下治疗。     

经内镜尼龙绳套扎术治疗十二指肠乳头腺瘤的临床评价

目的评价经内镜尼龙绳套扎术治疗十二指肠乳头腺瘤的可行性、安全性及随访结果。方法收集2012年1月-2014年6月于沈阳军区总医院接受治疗的十二指肠乳头腺瘤患者23例,先行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影放置胆管及胰管支架,再应用尼龙绳将肿物完全套扎。内镜定期随访观察肿物有无复发。结果 23例患者胆胰管支架放置及尼龙绳套扎均一次成功,2周内复查内镜肿物均完全脱落;术后并发胆管炎1例(4.3%),胰腺炎2例(8.7%),无出血、穿孔及死亡发生。所有患者术后均随访1年以上,2例腺瘤局部复发。结论经内镜尼龙绳套扎治疗十二指肠乳头腺瘤是一种安全、有效的技术。     

原发性十二指肠癌130例临床分析

目的探讨原发性十二指肠癌的临床特点及诊治方法。方法对经内镜活检或术后病理检查证实的130例原发性十二指肠癌患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果本组主要临床表现为黄疸、上腹疼痛、腹胀、消瘦;十二指肠镜、十二指肠气钡双重造影、CT检查的确诊率分别为92．3％、76．5％、54．7％。CA50阳性率83．8％,CA19-9阳性率75．8％,二者联合检测阳性率86．8％。术前误诊率为27．3％。胰十二指肠切除术105例,患者3a生存率仅为32．6％。结论原发性十二指肠癌的临床表现元特异性,早期诊断困难,十二指肠镜、十二指肠气钡双重造影、CT检查联合应用可提高本病的诊断准确率;血清CA50、CA19-9联合检测有助于本病的诊断。手术是本病的主要治疗手段。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.