腹腔镜下门奇静脉断流加脾切除治疗门脉高压症

目的:探讨腹腔镜下门奇静脉断流加脾切除治疗门脉高压症、上消化道出血合并脾功能亢进的可行性、安全性和优缺点。方法:回顾性分析我科2009年4月～2012年4月收治的肝硬化门脉高压、上消化道出血合并脾功能亢进、患者(呕血或黑便史)11例,行完全腹腔镜下门奇静脉断流加脾切除手术,术后随访3～36个月。结果:本组11例患者全部在腹腔镜下完成手术,平均手术时间180mi n,平均术中出血150ml,平均住院12天,随访无一例发生再出血。结论:完全腹腔镜下脾切除加门奇静脉断流手术是治疗门脉高压上消化道出血合并脾功能亢进可行、安全、疗效确切的微创手术方式,值得临床推广。     

完全腹腔镜脾切除加门奇静脉断流术治疗门静脉高压症

目的:探讨完全腹腔镜脾切除加门奇静脉断流术治疗门静脉高压症的可行性、安全性和优缺点。方法:回顾分析我院2005年1月至2007年12月收治的12例肝硬化门静脉高压症合并脾功能亢进、上消化道出血(呕血或黑便史)患者的临床资料,12例均施行完全腹腔镜脾切除加门奇静脉断流术。结果:12例患者均在腹腔镜下完成手术,平均手术时间210min,术中平均出血340ml,平均住院12d,术后随访3~36个月。无一例发生再出血。结论:完全腹腔镜脾切除加门奇静脉断流术安全可行,疗效确切,是值得临床推广的治疗门静脉高压症的微创手术方式。     

腹腔镜巨脾切除贲门周围血管离断术治疗门脉高压症

目的:探讨腹腔镜巨脾切除术的可行性和安全性。方法:2003年10月至2008年12月我院为11例脾长径大于25cm的肝硬化门脉高压、脾功能亢进、食道胃底静脉曲张患者施行腹腔镜巨脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术。结果:11例均顺利完成腹腔镜手术,无中转开腹,手术时间平均250min,平均出血430ml。结论:只要具备相应的手术设备,熟练掌握手术技巧,腹腔镜巨脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术安全可行。     

腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症

目的:探讨腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的可行性及安全性。方法:2012年6月至2015年6月为35例肝硬化门脉高压症合并食管胃底静脉曲张患者行腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术。结果:31例完全腹腔镜手术成功,4例因术中出血难以控制立即中转开腹。手术时间190~330 min,平均(260±30)min;术中出血量250~1 600 ml,平均(350±50)ml。术后予以护肝、利尿、输白蛋白、血浆等对症治疗。住院7~21 d,平均(10±3)d。除1例患者因术后肝功能衰竭放弃治疗外,余均治愈出院。随访1个月~2年,3例患者因门脉高压性胃病再次出血,经保守治疗后治愈,其余患者无再次上消化道出血。结论:腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症安全、有效、可行,行断流手术时,脾切除后操作空间更大,视野更加开阔,贲门周围血管离断更加方便,虽然手术时间可能较长,但具有对机体影响小、术后康复快、住院时间短等微创优势。     

完全腹腔镜下乙肝肝硬化门脉高压性巨脾切除术的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜下乙肝肝硬化门脉高压性巨脾切除术的临床应用效果及手术技巧。方法:回顾分析2015年9月至2017年6月为17例乙肝肝硬化门脉高压症巨脾患者行腹腔镜脾切除术的临床资料。结果:15例成功完成手术,1例因脾静脉破裂出血止血困难、1例因脾门粘连解剖困难中转开腹。手术时间150～220 min,平均(180.8±17.8) min;术中出血量500～1 500 mL,平均(770.54±156.78) mL,术后淡血性引流液总量10～120 mL,平均(58.6±37.6) mL。术中、术后均无并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜下门脉高压性巨脾切除术出血风险高,技术难度大,对术者腹腔镜下处理出血的技术及心理素质要求极高;但具有患者创伤小、美容效果好、手术并发症少、术后康复快等优点,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜前入路二级脾蒂离断术在门脉高压患者巨脾切除术中的应用

目的:探讨为乙肝肝硬化合并门脉高压症患者行腹腔镜前入路二级脾蒂离断巨脾切除术的可行性及安全性。方法:2016年7月至2021年12月为20例患者采用腹腔镜前入路二级脾蒂离断术行巨脾切除术,患者均为乙肝肝硬化门脉高压症,脾脏达到巨脾标准,回顾分析手术成功率、术中出血量、胰尾损伤与胰瘘发生率、引流管拔除时间、住院时间等。结果:患者30～75岁,平均(52.40±10.72)岁,男5例,女15例。20例患者均采用腹腔镜前入路二级脾蒂离断术切除脾脏,出血量20～400 mL,平均(129.38±84.81)mL,术中、术后均未输血;手术时间115～240 min,平均(173.93±36.75)min。术后引流管拔除时间3～12 d,平均(7.10±2.32)d。均未出现胰尾损伤及胰瘘;术后出现发热3例,体温最高达39℃,经影像学检查考虑为脾静脉及结扎后食管胃底迂曲静脉内血栓导致的脾热,经积极对症治疗后体温恢复正常。术后住院5～14 d,平均(8.75±2.47)d。结论:乙肝肝硬化合并门脉高压症采用腹腔镜前入路二级脾蒂离断术行巨脾切除可取得良好效果,成功率高,并可有效避免术中大出血、胰尾损伤...     

二级脾蒂离断法脾切除术在肝硬化门脉高压症脾功能亢进中的应用

目的:探讨肝硬化门脉高压症脾功能亢进轻中度脾肿大行腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法脾切除术的可行性、有救性和安全性.方法:对2009年1月至2010年12月施行腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法行脾切除治疗肝硬化门脉高压症脾功能亢进轻中度脾肿大25例患者的临床资料进行回顾分析.结果:除1例因大出血中转开腹外,均顺利完成手术.手术时间平均180 min,术中出血平均260 ml,无严重并发症.结论:肝硬化门脉高压症脾功能亢进轻中度脾肿大患者行腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法脾切除安全有效,值得临床推广应用.     

腹腔镜脾切除及门奇静脉断流术10例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除和门奇静脉断流术的手术方法、安全性和有效性.方法从2000年1月至2005年7月为10例肝硬化门静脉高压症继发性脾功能亢进和上消化道出血患者进行了完全腹腔下脾切除和门奇静脉断流术,其中2例加做上腹小切口、管形吻合器食管下段横断和吻合术.结果本组10例腹腔镜脾切除和门奇静脉断流术全部完成,无1例需中转开腹手术.手术时间4.5～5.5 h,出血量100～400ml,术后住院8～15 d.结论腹腔镜脾切除和门奇静脉断流术在技术上是切实可行的,对机体创伤小、疗效确定.     

手助腹腔镜下脾切除门奇断流术（附12例报告）

目的探讨手助腹腔镜脾切除门奇断流术的手术技术。方法用手助腹腔镜完成12例脾切除门奇断流术。结果12例手术全部成功。手术时间150～260min，平均200min。术中出血200～1500ml，平均580ml。切除脾重500～2000g，平均870g。住院时间8～18d，平均1ld。术后病人恢复顺利，疼痛少，5例术后用止痛剂，24～74h排气，平均52h。手助切口愈合良好，1例出现并发症，1例死亡。结论手助腹腔镜行脾切除门奇断流术不但安全可行，而且具有微创手术的优点，疗效满意。     

免切割闭合器完全腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术

目的探讨免切割闭合器完全腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的手术技巧和临床应用价值。方法2005年3月～2006年10月,对23例肝硬化门静脉高压致食道下端静脉曲张患者行完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗,其中18例免切割闭合器应用二级脾蒂离断法切除脾脏,即处理脾蒂时逐支分离脾叶动静脉,边分离边用血管夹夹闭或用丝线结扎后离断血管,并用超声刀离断小网膜后,逐一将贲门周围曲张静脉直接用超声刀或可吸收夹夹闭后离断,将脾脏放入标本袋,拉出扩大的trocar孔外,剪碎后取出。结果18例手术获得成功,手术时间180～320min,平均255min。术中出血量200～1600ml,平均450ml。术后发生胸腔积液2例,左膈下脓肿1例,B超引导穿刺治愈,轻度腹水2例。无死亡病例。术后住院时间6～17d,平均7.5d。18例术后随访5-24个月,平均16.4月,术后20个月再出血1例,经胃镜下注射硬化剂治愈,余17例均无再出血。结论应用二级脾蒂离断法处理脾蒂可以避免腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术应用切割闭合器,不仅节省费用,而且在腹腔镜巨脾切除中有独特的优势。     

Strategies for prophylaxis and treatment for aspiration

The absolute incidence of aspiration is difficult to define because of its relatively low occurrence and difficulty in diagnosis. The gastric volume predisposing to aspiration is larger than 30 ml. Fasting times for fluids have reduced; however, a large meal may require 9 hours of preoperative fasting. Preoperative carbohydrate-enriched beverages may attenuate postoperative catabolism. Aspiration occurs most frequently during induction and laryngoscopy. Awake fibre-optic intubation may be a suitable alternative in high-risk cases for aspiration. The role of cricoid pressure in anaesthesia needs re-evaluation as radiological and clinical evidence suggest that it may be ineffective and may impede intubation and ventilation. Chemoprophylaxis does not reduce the severity of aspiration pneumonitis as gastric bile is unaffected by these agents and induces a worse pneumonitis than gastric acid. Patients may be discharged home 2 hours after aspirating provided they are clinically unaffected and have postoperative surveillance.     

Indications for choledochotomy and methods for its performance

Experience in the treatment of 238 patients for nontumorous lesions of the biliary tract by choledochotomy is generalized. Choledochotomy was performed in obstructive jaundice during the operation, in cholangiolithiasis, suppurative cholangitis, strictures of the terminal part of the choledochus, and indurative pancreatitis which were attended by biliary hypertension. Diagnostic choledochotomy was undertaken only in 5.8% of patients. Twenty-two (9.2%) patients died after choledochotomy. The method of completing choledochotomy was chosen individually according to the character of the pathological changes in the bile ducts and the acuteness of the inflammatory process. Choledochotomy was completed by external drainage of the common bile duct in 116 patients, by complete suturing of the choledochus in 19, by creation of bile-draining anastomoses in 89, and by papillosphincterotomy in 14 patients. Terminal and lateral choledochoduodenoanastomosis was formed in 25 patients, with good immediate results. Mortality was highest after papillosphincterotomy and external drainage of the choledochus.     

The surgeon for the future and implications for training

Clinical and technical skill may not be sufficient to fulfil society's expectations of surgeons. Other skills, which have been well defined in the published literature, include those of the professional, communicator, collaborator, manager, scholar and health advocate. It is the purpose of this review to explore the current understanding of these different domains and make comment about ways to improve training that will ensure that the surgeon of the future has the opportunity to develop broader expertize.     

Anterior and posterior approach for total sacrectomy for tumors

Surgical Principles A transperitoneal approach will allow the ligation of vessels feeding the tumor. After a blunt separation of the tumor from the intestines the intervertebral disc will be cut transversely. The anterior approach will be closed and the sacrum removed through a posterior approach.     

Mixed pentothal-curare-nitrous oxide anaesthesia for children and infants: a technique and dosage scale for rapid intubation and for maintenance

Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie -