强直性脊柱炎胸腰段后凸畸形矫形前后影像学参数分析

【摘要】 目的 通过对强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis, AS）僵硬性胸腰段后凸畸形矫形前后影像学参数对比分析及相关性研究,探讨经椎弓根椎体截骨（pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO）矫形对矢状面脊柱骨盆序列的影响,进而探究AS后凸患者脊柱骨盆序列的代偿机制。 方法 2004年1月～2010年3月, 38例AS僵硬性胸腰段后凸畸形患者行后路单节段或双节段截骨矫形椎弓根螺钉内固定术。矫形前后拍摄全脊柱侧位X线片,测量AS患者全脊柱后凸角（Cobb T1~S1）、矢状面平衡距离（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）、骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）及截骨角度（PSO angle）。观察矫形前后影像学参数变化,控制影响患者个体差异的因素,将影像学参数做偏相关分析。 结果 矫形前,Cobb T1~S1=56°±28°,PI=45°±9°,PT=38°±13°,SS=7°±12°,SVA=21 cm±9 cm;矫形后,Cobb T1~S1=11°±22°,PI=46°±9°,PT=21°±10°,SS=24°±9°,SVA=9 cm±5 cm。矫形前,PT、SVA与Cobb T1~S1偏相关系数分别为r=0.81（P＜0.01）、0.64（P＜0.01）;矫形后,PT、SVA与Cobb T1S1偏相关系数分别为r=0.58（P＜0.05）、0.72（P＜0.01）。PSO angle与Cobb T1~S1、PT偏相关系数分别为r=－0.82（P＜0.01）、－0.56（P＜0.05）,PSO angle与SVA无相关性。 结论 矫形前后,AS患者通过后旋骨盆代偿全脊柱后凸所致的矢状面失平衡;骨盆后旋程度、矢状面平衡距离与全脊柱后凸程度呈正相关;人体自身代偿机制优先恢复骨盆的中立状态而非改善矢状面平衡距离。     

强直性脊柱炎胸腰段后凸畸形矫形前后影像学参数分析

目的通过对强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis,AS）僵硬性胸腰段后凸畸形矫形前后影像学参数对比分析及相关性研究,探讨经椎弓根椎体截骨（pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO）矫形对矢状面脊柱骨盆序列的影响,进而探究AS后凸患者脊柱骨盆序列的代偿机制。方法 2004年1月～2010年3月,38例AS僵硬性胸腰段后凸畸形患者行后路单节段或双节段截骨矫形椎弓根螺钉内固定术。矫形前后拍摄全脊柱侧位X线片,测量AS患者全脊柱后凸角（Cobb T1～S1）、矢状面平衡距离（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）、骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvictilt,PT）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）及截骨角度（PSO angle）。观察矫形前后影像学参数变化,控制影响患者个体差异的因素,将影像学参数做偏相关分析。结果矫形前,Cobb T1～S1=56°±28°,PI=45°±9°,PT=38°±13°,SS=7°±12°,SVA=21 cm±9 cm;矫形后,Cobb T1～S1=11°±22°,PI=46°±9°,PT=21°±10°,SS=24°±9°,SVA=9 cm±5 cm。矫形前,PT、SVA与Cobb T1～S1偏相关系数分别为r=0.81（P〈0.01）、0.64（P〈0.01）;矫形后,PT、SVA与Cobb T1-S1偏相关系数分别为r=0.58（P〈0.05）、0.72（P〈0.01）。PSO angle与Cobb T1～S1、PT偏相关系数分别为r=-0.82（P〈0.01）、-0.56（P〈0.05）,PSO angle与SVA无相关性。结论矫形前后,AS患者通过后旋骨盆代偿全脊柱后凸所致的矢状面失平衡;骨盆后旋程度、矢状面平衡距离与全脊柱后凸程度呈正相关;人体自身代偿机制优先恢复骨盆的中立状态而非改善矢状面平衡距离。     

经椎弓根截骨对强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形脊柱-骨盆参数的影响

  目的 探讨经椎弓根椎体截骨(pedicle subtraction osteotomy, PSO)治疗强直性脊柱炎胸腰 椎后凸畸形术后脊柱-骨盆参数的变化及意义。 方法回顾性分析2006 年7月至2010 年10 月在我: 行L1 PSO矫形内固定术的21 例强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者。男18 例, 女3 例;年龄(35.6±10.8) 岁(21~53 岁)。所有患者手术前后均摄站立位全脊柱正、侧位X线片。统计测量所有患者的术前、术后即 刻X线片的胸椎后凸(thoracic kyphosis, TK)、腰椎前凸(lumbar lordosis, LL)、全脊柱最大后凸Cobb 角 (globe kyphosis, GK)、固定节段角度(angle of the fusion levels, AFL)、矢状面平衡(sagittal vertical axis, SVA)、骨盆投射角(pelvic incidence, PI)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope, SS)和骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilting, PT)。 结果脊柱-骨盆相关参数中, 除TK 和PI 外, 其余参数手术前后相比较差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。LL 的变化与PT(r=0.59, P=0.005)、SS(r=0.64, P=0.002)、SVA(r=0.49, P=0.025)及AFL(r=0.60, P= 0.004)的变化存在线性相关, PT的变化与SS(r=0.94, P=0.000)的变化存在线性相关, AFL的变化与PT (r=0.59, P=0.005)、SS(r=0.61, P=0.003)的变化存在线性相关。 结论 PSO能够显著地改善强直性脊柱炎 胸腰椎后凸畸形患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态;LL的重建与骨盆矢状面形态的改变密切相关。     

强直性脊柱炎重度胸腰段后凸畸形患者的双节段截骨设计

目的设计强直性脊柱炎(AS)重度胸腰段后凸畸形患者的双节段截骨方法,并进行评估。方法回顾性分析2011年1月—2012年12月于本院接受双节段截骨设计及手术矫形的10例AS重度胸腰段后凸畸形合并腰椎前凸角度减小患者临床资料,包括手术前后包含骨盆的自然站立位脊柱全长X线片,手术前后及末次随访时的T_5~S_1 Cobb角、胸腰段后凸角(TLK)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)及矢状面偏移(SVA)等相关影像学参数,以及术前及术后1年随访时患者生活质量,使用健康相关生活质量(HRQoL)量表评估,通过对比评价双节段截骨手术矫形效果。结果与术前相比,术后T_5~S_1 Cobb角、PT、TLK及SVA均减小,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);LL及SS增大,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);PI无明显改变。术后1年随访时HRQoL得分较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论双节段截骨设计为AS胸腰段后凸畸形合并腰椎前凸角度减小患者的矫形提供了精确且可重复的方法,可使患者获得满意的矫形效果及生活质量。     

退变性脊柱侧凸术后脊柱-骨盆参数特点及生活质量相关性分析

目的研究退变性脊柱侧凸患者长节段固定术后脊柱-骨盆参数:矢状面躯干偏移(sagital vertical axis,SVA)、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)、骨盆投射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、T1骨盆角(T1 pelvic angle,TPA)、PI与腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)之差PI-LL的特点,并分析总结各参数与患者生活质量评分的相关性。方法回顾性分析2013年3月至2018年5月在我院就诊的退变性脊柱侧凸32例患者资料,男10例,女22例;年龄60.0～73.0岁,平均年龄(64.0±3.5)岁。均采用后路长节段固定方式治疗,术后测量其脊柱-骨盆参数,并填写国际脊柱侧凸研究学会量表(scoliosis research society,SRS-22)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)及视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),统计分析其相关性。结果患者术后的SVA、LL、PT及PI-LL与SRS-22评分、ODI评分、背部疼痛VAS评分及下肢疼痛VAS评分密切相关。其中SVA、LL分别与SRS-22评分中的所有子项呈显著负相关,而与背部疼痛VAS评分呈显著正相关(P0.05);TK与SRS-22评分中的自我形象、心理状况及治疗满意度呈显著正相关(P0.05),而TPA与SRS-22评分中的疼痛、自我形象呈显著负相关(P0.05); PI-LL与SRS-22评分中的疼痛也呈显著负相关(P0.05)。PT,TPA,PI-LL分别与ODI评分及背部疼痛VAS评分呈显著正相关(P0.05);而PI、SS与所有评分则无显著相关性(P0.05),所有脊柱-骨盆参数均与下肢疼痛VAS评分无显著相关性(P0.05)。结论退变性脊柱侧凸患者术后SVA、LL、PT及PI-LL等脊柱-骨盆参数与术后生活质量评分SRS-22、ODI、背部疼痛VAS评分密切相关,PI及SS与所有评分无显著性相关。针对脊柱-骨盆参数SVA、LL、PT及PI-LL,良好的术前设计有助于取得最佳的术后疗效。     

退变性腰椎侧凸患者矢状面平衡的特点及对腰椎侧凸的影响

目的 :分析退变性腰椎侧凸矢状面平衡参数的特点及其对腰椎侧凸的影响,探讨矢状面平衡参数改变在退变性腰椎侧凸进展中的作用。方法:回顾分析2012年3月～2017年3月经我院诊治的退变性腰椎侧凸患者(病例组)90例,男37例,女53例,年龄51～77岁(57.1±5.8岁)。选取同时期、同年龄段及同性别比的无腰椎侧凸的55例腰椎退行性疾病患者作为照组(对照组),男31例,女24例,年龄50～76岁(56.8±6.1岁)。所有患者均行脊柱全长X线检查,同时填写Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)、视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale/score,VAS)及脊柱侧凸研究学会22项(scoliosis research society-22,SRS-22)量表。测量矢状面平衡相关参数:(1)脊柱参数,脊柱矢状轴(sagittal vertical axias,SVA)、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kypho-sis,TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、骶骨倾斜角(sacrum slop,SS);(2)骨盆参数,骨盆入射角(prlbrv in-cidence,PI)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT);(3)脊柱-骨盆参数,T1骨盆角(T1 pelvic angle,TPA)、L1骨盆角(L1pelvic angle,LPA)。比较两组患者各矢状面平衡参数是否具有统计学差异,分析各矢状面平衡参数与生活质量及腰椎侧凸Cobb角的相关性。结果:两组患者的SVA、TK、PI、PT及TPA差异无统计学意义(P0.05);SS、LL及LPA差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者ODI、VAS及SRS-22差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。病例组资料相关性分析显示,ODI、VAS及SRS-2与矢状面平衡参数SS、LL及LPA有显著相关性(-1r1,P0.05),与SVA、TK、PI、PT及TPA无显著相关性(P0.05);侧凸Cobb角与LL呈负相关(-1r0,P0.05);与SS及LPA均呈正相关(0r1,P0.05)。进一步回归分析显示,侧凸Cobb角与SS、LL及LPA存在直线回归关系(F=417.331,P0.01),其回归方程为Cobb角=19.526-8.223×LL+3.727×SS+1.618×LPA。结论:退变性腰椎侧凸患者矢状面平衡参数以LL和SS改变为主,表现为LL减小及SS增大并随侧凸的加重而进展,降低了患者的生活质量。     

后路减压并内固定术治疗退行性脊柱侧凸对脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数和疗效的影响

目的评估后路减压并内固定术对退行性脊柱侧凸(DS)患者术后生活质量和矢状面参数的影响,以及对矢状面重建策略的初步探索。方法 2015年1月-2020年5月,重庆市中医骨科医院采用后路减压并椎弓根螺钉内固定融合术治疗DS患者64例,记录手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数、住院时间及并发症发生情况。采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分评估腰痛和下肢痛程度,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价腰椎功能。术前及末次随访时在标准站立位全脊柱X线片上测量腰椎前凸角(LL)、胸椎后凸角(TK)、胸腰段后凸角(TLK)、骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、冠状位Cobb角及矢状位垂直轴(SVA)等影像学参数,并评价SVA及PI-LL改善程度对疗效的影响。结果所有手术顺利完成,所有患者随访12~46(22.3±6.2)个月。末次随访时,所有患者腰痛和下肢痛VAS评分和ODI均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。末次随访时,长节段内固定患者TLK、PT、冠状位Cobb角、SVA、PI-LL较术前明显减小,LL和SS较术前明显增大;短节段内固定患者PT、冠状位Cobb角较术前减小,SS较术前增大;差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。末次随访SVA ≥ 95 mm的患者腰痛VAS评分和ODI均高于SVA ≤ 50 mm的患者,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);PI-LL > 9°患者腰痛VAS评分与PI-LL ≤ 9°患者相比,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);PI-LL > 9°患者下肢痛VAS评分及ODI与PI-LL ≤ 9°患者相比,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论后路减压并内固定术对DS患者的生活质量和矢状面参数均有较好的改善作用,国人中老年DS患者术后残留轻度的矢状面失衡对生活质量影响不明显,LL=PI±9°可能不适合作为国人的矫形目标。     

60岁以上脊柱畸形患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数与生活质量的相关性分析

目的 :探讨60岁以上脊柱畸形患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数与生活质量的相关性。方法 :2014年3月~2016年5月60岁以上存在脊柱侧凸20°、矢状面躯干偏移(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)5cm或骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)25°的脊柱畸形患者共43例被纳入研究,男7例,女36例,年龄64.0±3.5岁(60.0~73.0岁),其中退变性脊柱侧凸12例,退变性脊柱后凸畸形7例,退变性脊柱侧后凸畸形12例,特发性脊柱侧凸6例,特发性脊柱侧后凸畸形1例,陈旧性脊柱骨折伴后凸畸形5例。使用Scoliosis Research Society(SRS)-22量表、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)量表以及背部和下肢疼痛视觉模拟评分(the visual analog scale,VAS)评估患者的生活质量;在站立位全脊柱侧位X线片上测量脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数,包括SVA、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、PT、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)和T1骨盆角(T1 pelvic angle,TPA)。计算PI减LL,即PI-LL值。采用Pearson相关性检验分析脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数与生活质量的相关性。结果:SRS-22量表中功能状态、疼痛、自我形象、心理状况及亚总分分别为13.4±2.1分、17.3±2.7分、13.2±3.0分、15.7±11.8分及59.6±5.6分;ODI、背部及下肢疼痛VAS评分分别为(46.8±17.8)%、5.7±2.6分和3.9±3.0分。SVA、TK、LL、PI、PT、SS、TPA和PI-LL分别为6.5±6.2cm、12.7°±15.8°、-16.9°±17.2°、49.0°±12.3°、30.2°±11.6°、18.8°±10.6°、28.8°±14.4°和32.1°±17.8°。SVA和TPA与SRS-22量表中功能状况、疼痛、自我形象、SRS-22亚总分、ODI及背部疼痛VAS评分显著相关(r=-0.386、-0.375、-0.361、-0.410、0.445、0.389,P0.05;r=-0.403、-0.426、-0.466、-0.425、0.512、0.465,P0.05);LL、PT、PI-LL与ODI及背部疼痛VAS评分显著相关(r=0.368、0.367,P0.05;r=0.376、0.341,P0.05;r=0.401、0.395,P0.05);TK、PI和SS与生活质量各量表评分均无关(P0.05)。结论 :在60岁以上脊柱畸形患者中,TPA和SVA增大会增加患者功能障碍、腰背部疼痛程度并降低患者自我形象;LL减小、PT和PI-LL增大会加重患者腰背部疼痛程度。TPA能同时反映脊柱和骨盆矢状面状态,和生活质量相关性最强。     

骨盆腰椎匹配值与成人退变性脊柱侧凸畸形术后疗效的相关性研究

目的 :探讨成人退变性脊柱侧凸畸形患者骨盆腰椎匹配值(PI-LL)与术后临床疗效的关系。方法:选取2011年1月~2012年12月间因退变性脊柱侧凸于我院行长节段减压融合手术的患者共42例,随访时间3年以上。术前及末次随访时行站立位脊柱全长正侧位X线片检查,记录患者视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍评分(Oswestry disability index,ODI)。影像学上测量侧凸Cobb角、骨盆投射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)、腰椎前凸(lumbar lordosis,LL)、胸椎后凸(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、骨盆腰椎前凸角(pelvic radius-T12,PR-T12)、T1骨盆角(T1 pelvic angle,TPA)和矢状垂直轴(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)。统计患者术前术后影像学参数和功能评分的改善情况,分析这些参数与PI-LL值的相关性及不同PI-LL值对患者生活质量(ODI)的影响。结果:患者平均年龄68.8岁。术前冠状位侧凸Cobb角为19.5°±5.4°,末次随访时改善为6.1°±3.5°,差异显著(P0.01)。腰椎前凸由术前平均20.7°增加至34.3°,末次随访时平均PI-LL为9.0°,SVA由术前平均7.6cm减少至5.7cm,差异显著(P0.01)。术前矢状位平衡组患者10例,末次随访时PI-LL为1.0°±5.9°。矢状位失衡组患者32例,末次随访时PI-LL为11.8°±9.0°。两组术前的VAS和ODI评分无显著差异,术后均得到明显改善;两组术后VAS和ODI评分差异无统计学意义(P=0.074/0.053)。术后PI-LL与术后PR-T12、TPA、SVA、VAS及ODI显著相关。末次随访时PI-LL≤10°与10°PI-LL≤15°两组之间ODI评分无显著差异(P=0.205),但均与PI-LL15°组间差异显著(P=0.010/0.048)。结论 :成人退变性脊柱侧凸畸形患者手术治疗时应注意对矢状位的充分评估。对于高龄患者,术后PI-LL≤15°提示骨盆腰椎匹配良好,有助于维持脊柱-骨盆矢状位平衡,显著提高患者的临床疗效和生活质量。     

退变性腰椎侧凸患者矢状面平衡参数变化特征及其对疼痛、功能障碍和生活质量的影响

目的 探讨退变性腰椎侧凸(degenerative lumbar scoliosis,DLS)患者的脊柱矢状面平衡参数变化情况,以及脊柱矢状面平衡参数对患者疼痛、功能障碍和生活质量的影响。方法 随机纳入2016年9月-2019年2月于本科就诊的DLS患者50例作为观察对象(观察组),另选择同期就诊的其他腰椎退行性疾病患者作为对照组。采用VAS评分、ODI指数和SRS-22评分对两组患者的疼痛、功能障碍和生活质量情况进行评价;同时在全脊柱X线片上测量其骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、胸椎后凸角(Thoracic kyphosis angle,TKA)、脊柱矢状轴(Sagittal axis of spine,SAS),以及骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)和T_1骨盆角(T_1pelvic angle,T_1PA)、L_1骨盆角(L_1pelvic angle,L_1PA)等脊柱矢状面平衡参数。对比两组患者的上述指标差异性,同时对DLS患者VAS评分、ODI指数、SRS-22评分与脊柱矢状面平衡参数的相关性进行Spearman分析。结果 观察组患者的VAS评分、ODI指数均显著高于对照组,SRS-22评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组人群的LL、SS角均显著低于对照组,L_1PA角显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。经Spearman分析,DLS患者的LL、SS均与其VAS评分和ODI指数、侧凸Cobb角呈显著的负相关性(r-0.50,P0.01),与SRS-22评分呈显著的正相关关系(r0.50,P0.01)。结论 DLS患者存在明显的矢状面平衡参数变化,尤其以LL、SS减小、L_1PA增加最为显著,且LL、SS与患者疼痛、功能障碍和生活质量之间有明显的相关性。     

What is the optimal postoperative sagittal alignment in ankylosing spondylitis patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis following one-level pedicle subtraction osteotomy?

BACKGROUND CONTEXTRadiographic realignment objectives for the surgical correction of adult spinal deformity (ASD) have been well-described. However, the optimal sagittal spinopelvic alignment after corrective osteotomy for thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is still unknown so far.PURPOSETo comprehensively investigate the relationship between radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes measured by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) in thoracolumbar kyphosis patients caused by AS following one-level pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) and to determine the optimal sagittal alignment at a minimum of 2-year follow-up.STUDY DESIGNA retrospective review of consecutive AS patients from one institution (2006–2016).PATIENT SAMPLEOne hundred AS-related thoracolumbar kyphosis patients who underwent one-level PSO with a minimum of 2-year follow-up (range, 2–10 years).OUTCOME MEASURESSpinopelvic parameters at final follow-up (≥2 years) included thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, osteotomized vertebra angle, pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), pelvic incidence, sagittal vertical axis, spinosacral angle (SSA), T1 pelvic angle (TPA), spinopelvic angle (SPA), and global kyphosis. Clinical outcomes at final follow-up (≥2 years) was evaluated by ODI and BASDAI, and ODI<20 was defined as good clinical outcome.METHODSPre- and postoperative radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared by paired samples t test. The correlation between the postoperative radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes was investigated by Pearson correlation analysis. Linear regression analysis was performed to construct predictive models of the clinically relevant radiographic parameters based on ODI scores and to determine the realignment goals. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was applied to figure out the major radiographic contributors of ODI score at the final follow-up.RESULTSIn total, 100 AS patients (92 males and 8 females) with a mean age of 34.7±9.5 years (range, 17–63 years) were followed up for 38.6±17.5 months (range, 24–120 months). At the final follow-up, PT and TPA were positively correlated with both ODI and BASDAI score (p<.05). Although SS, SSA, and SPA were negatively associated with the score of ODI (p<.05), and BASDAI was negatively related to SPA (p<.05). Predicting regression models of the clinically-relevant radiographic parameters were built based on the ODI score at the last follow-up.CONCLUSIONSBased on the regression models, the optimal sagittal alignment of AS patients satisfying good clinical outcome (ODI<20) at a minimum of 2-year follow-up was: PT<24°, SSA>108°, TPA<22°, and SPA>152°. Realizing the aforementioned realignment goals may contribute to satisfied clinical outcome for AS patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis undergoing one-level PSO.     

强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者生存质量与矢状面参数的相关性

 目的 探讨强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis,AS）胸腰椎后凸畸形患者生存质量与矢状面参数的相关性。方法 2011年6月至2013年8月,门诊AS患者30例、行经椎弓根椎体截骨矫形术的住院AS患者34例纳入研究。以SF-36量表评估患者生存质量;在站立位全脊柱X线侧位片上测量脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数;评估AS疾病活动性指数、AS功能指数和Oswestry下腰痛评分。依据胸腰椎最大后凸角将患者分为轻度后凸组（＜60°,29例）和重度后凸组（≥60°,35例）,比较两组患者的生存质量及矢状面参数,分析生存质量与矢状面参数的相关性。结果 重度后凸组患者在生理职能、一般健康状况、社会功能和情感职能四个维度的得分低于轻度后凸组。两组患者C7倾斜角、胸腰椎最大后凸角、矢状面躯干偏移、骨盆倾斜角、腰椎前凸角和骶骨倾斜角的差异有统计学意义。C7倾斜角和腰椎前凸角减小致生理职能评分减少;胸腰椎最大后凸角增加致情感职能评分降低;矢状面躯干偏移增大致社会功能评分减低。手术治疗患者随访6~36个月,平均16个月。末次随访时除胸椎后凸角和骨盆入射角外其他矢状面参数均较术前改善,一般健康状况、社会功能和情感职能评分均提高。结论 重度胸腰椎后凸畸形AS患者的生理职能、一般健康状况、社会功能和情感职能较轻度后凸患者降低。C7倾斜角、胸腰椎最大后凸角、腰椎前凸角和矢状面躯干偏移改变是AS患者生存质量降低的重要因素。经椎弓根椎体截骨术矫正胸腰椎后凸畸形矢状面参数的同时可提高患者生存质量。     

经椎弓根不对称截骨重建强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎侧后凸畸形患者双平面平衡

 目的 探讨经椎弓根不对称截骨（asymmetrical pedicle subtraction osteotomy, APSO）在强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis, AS）胸腰椎侧后凸畸形患者冠状面和矢状面平衡重建中的作用。方法 回顾性分析2005年10月至2012年6月采用APSO手术治疗16例AS胸腰椎侧后凸畸形患者资料,男13例,女3例;年龄22~48岁,平均35.4岁。术前、术后及末次随访均摄站立位全脊柱正、侧位X线片,测量冠状面和矢状面参数：冠状面Cobb角,冠状面躯干偏移（central sacral vertical line,CSVL）、胸腰椎最大后凸角（global kyphosis,GK）、矢状面躯干偏移（sagittal vertical axis,SVA)、胸椎后凸角（thoracic kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸角（lumbar lordosis,LL）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）和骨盆投射角（pelvic incidence,PI）。采用SF-36量表评估AS胸腰椎侧后凸畸形患者术前和末次随访的生活质量。结果 随访时间24~63个月。冠状面Cobb角由术前25.8°矫正至术后7.6°,矫正率70.5%;CSVL由术前5.6 cm矫正至术后1.8 cm;GK由术前76.8°矫正至术后25.6°,矫正率66.7%;SVA由术前15.1 cm矫正至术后3.8 cm。LL、PT和SS分别由术前的-0.4°、33.6°和10.3°矫正至术后44.1°、22.6°和20.9°,差异均有统计学意义。末次随访时,冠状面Cobb角、CSVL、GK、SVA、LL、PT和SS出现轻度矫正丢失。末次随访时AS患者躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、社会功能和情感职能评分均获得明显提高。结论 AS胸腰椎侧后凸畸形患者同时伴有冠状面和矢状面失平衡,导致其生活质量严重降低。APSO手术在矫正其矢状面失平衡的同时,还可明显改善冠状面躯干失平衡,可实现满意的双平面重建;患者生活质量较术前也获得明显提高。     

胸椎及胸腰段角状后凸畸形对骨盆矢状位形态及序列的影响

目的 分析胸椎及胸腰段角状后凸畸形对骨盆形态及序列的影响.方法 2002年5月至2010年6月收治的胸腰椎角状后凸患者32例,年龄13～56岁,平均29.6岁.详细记录患者病史以及病因.患者发生后凸畸形的年龄为1～17岁,平均6.1岁,陈旧结核性后凸畸形20例,先天性后凸畸形12例.全部患者接受后路截骨矫形手术.术前术后行全脊柱负重位X线侧位片检查(包括双侧髋关节),测量后凸畸形Cobb角、腰椎前凸(LL)、骨盆入射角(PI)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)以及脊柱的矢状位平衡(C7铅垂线与S1后上缘的水平距离,SVA).将测量结果与既往报道的正常值进行比较.比较中上胸椎后凸和下胸椎或胸腰段后凸的PI值.比较术前术后的各测量参数.分析PI的独立影响因素.结果 32例患者中,后凸角度平均为90.1°(31°～138°).术前PI平均为34.8°,SS为35.8°,PT为-0.7°,其中PI和PT明显小于对照组(P＜0.001).术后后凸角度改善至27.9°.术后PI平均为37.5°±9.4°,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).12例患者后凸畸形位于中上胸椎(T1～8),20例位于下胸椎(T8以下)及胸腰段.两组相比,前者的PI值(40.5°)明显大于后者(31.5°,P＜0.05),前者SS(45.1°)亦明显大于后者(30.3°,P＜0.05).后凸角度和后凸部位是PI的独立影响因素,而年龄和LL对PI无影响.结论 胸腰椎角状后凸畸形若发生在儿童少年时期,将影响骨盆的形态发育(PI明显减小).后凸部位越低、后凸角度越大对骨盆形态的影响越大.手术可改变脊柱的序列,但骨盆的矢状位形态一旦形成将无法改变.早期治疗不仅可恢复脊柱的序列,亦有益于骨盆的正常形态的形成以及骨盆的正常矢状位序列.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the impact of thoracic and thoracolumbar angular kyphosis on pelvic shape and sagittal alignment. Methods From May 2002 to June 2010, the sagittal spinopelvic parameters were analyzed in lateral standing radiographs of 32 patients (mean age 29.6 years ) with thoracolumbar angular kyphosis. The parameters included Cobb angle of kyphosis, lumbar lordosis ( LL),pelvic incidence ( PI ), sacrum slope ( SS), pelvic tilt ( PT ) and sagittal vertical axis ( SVA ). All pelvic parameters in the patients were compared with those reported in historical normal subjects. All patients were treated by using kyphotic correction and fusion. The preoperative and postoperative parameters were compared. The pelvic parameters were also compared between the patients with kyphotic apex located at T1-8 and those located at T9-12 and thoracolumbar junction. The linear regression analysis was used to investigate the independent factors of PI. Results The mean kyphosis was 90. 1 ° (31°-138°). The mean age of kyphosis occurrence was 6. 1 years. The mean PI, SS and PT were 34. 8° ,35.8° and -0. 7° respectively. The PI and PT were significantly smaller( P ＜ 0. 001 ) in the patients than those in normal subjects while the SS was similar. The kyphosis was improved to 27.9° post-operatively. There was no difference in PI values between preoperation and postoperation ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). The PI and SS in patients whose kyphosis located at thoracic spine(T1-8) were significantly higher than those at T9-L2. Instead of patients' age and LL, the preoperative Cobb angle of kyphosis and the levels where kyphosis located were two independent impact factors of PI. Conclusions The kyphosis occurred at childhood may influence pelvic shape and alignment significantly. The lower kyphotic apex located and the bigger kyphosis, the greater impact on the pelvic morphology. The surgery can improve the kyphosis, but can not change the sagittal pelvic morphology. Early treatment of thoracolumbar angular kyphosis is beneficial not only to reconstruction of spine alignment but also to the formation of sagittal pelvic morphology.     

Impact of cervical range of motion on the global spinal alignment in ankylosing spondylitis patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis following pedicle subtraction osteotomy

BACKGROUND CONTEXTThe head's center of gravity (COG) plumb line (PL) and C7 PL could be simultaneously positioned over the pelvis in adult spinal deformity with normal cervical mobility. However, the position of the head in relation to the global spinal alignment has yet to be investigated in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis.PURPOSEThe objective of this study was to analyze the position of head in relation to the global spinal alignment in AS-related thoracolumbar kyphosis.STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGRetrospective single-center study.PATIENT SAMPLEAS patients who underwent lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy for thoracolumbar kyphosis from January 2010 to August 2016 were reviewed. Only patients with a visible ear canal on the preoperative, immediate postoperative, and final follow-up radiographs were included.OUTCOME MEASURESThe chin-brow angle, cervical range of motion (ROM), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracolumbar angle, thoracic kyphosis (TK), L1 pelvic angle, pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), TK+LL+PI, PI-LL, maximal kyphosis (MK), deformity angular rate, T1 pelvic angle, T1 tilt, spinosacral angle, sagittal vertical axis (SVA) COG-C7, SVA COG-femoral head (FH), and SVA C7-S were evaluated. Data regarding the health-related quality of life, including the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS)-back score, were also collected preoperatively, 2 years postoperatively, and at the latest follow-up.METHODSThe cohort was divided into patients with occiput-trunk (OT) concordance or with OT discordance according to the SVA COG-C7 ≤30 mm or >30 mm, respectively. There was no funding in this study and there are no conflict of interest-associated biases.RESULTSA total of 43 patients (36 males and 7 females) with a mean age of 34.2 years (range, 18–59 years) were identified. There were 17 patients accompanied with OT concordance and 26 patients with OT discordance preoperatively. The cervical ROM was significantly lower (24.0° vs 56.1°, p<.001) and SVA COG-C7 was significantly larger (71.7 mm vs 7.4 mm, p<.001) in patients with OT discordance. Furthermore, the PT was larger (41.0° vs 33.5°, p=.010) in patients with OT discordance. After surgery, the whole cohort showed an improvement in LL (−8.6° vs −52.8°, p<.001). Moreover, the CBVA (25.4° vs 1.3°, p<.001) and SVA COG-C7 (46.2 mm vs 21.6 mm, p<.001) were significantly decreased following lumbar PSO. There were 13 patients accompanied with OT discordance postoperatively, and the cervical ROM was still lower (22.5° vs 42.8°, p=.024) in these patients. Postoperative PT was larger (26.5° vs 20.1°, p=.033) in the patients with OT discordance. At the latest follow-up, there were 17 patients accompanied with OT discordance. In these 17 patients, the cervical ROM was significantly lower (21.0° vs 47.0°, p=.001) and PT was significantly higher (26.2° vs 19.2°, p=.012). The ODI and VAS-back scores demonstrated no significant differences between the two groups preoperatively, 2 years postoperatively, or at the latest follow-up.CONCLUSIONSOT discordance in AS-related thoracolumbar kyphosis could be caused by the reduced cervical ROM. To maintain global spinal balance, the pelvis rotated further backward in response to the larger SVA COG-C7. Moreover, the larger SVA COG-C7 could be decreased after the lumbar PSO. Although there were radiographic differences between the patients with OT concordance and with OT discordance, there was no difference in clinical outcomes, and that a larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed.     

Relationship between cervical sagittal alignment and health-related quality of life in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Purpose

Little information is available on the relationship between cervical sagittal alignment and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. The aim of this study was to identify relationships between postoperative cervical sagittal alignment and HRQOL in AIS.

Methods

The study and control groups comprised 67 AIS patients (51 girls and 16 boys). All underwent anteroposterior and lateral plain radiography and completed clinical questionnaires. The radiographic parameters investigated were pre- and postoperative C2–C7 lordosis, C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1 slope, T1 slope minus C2–C7 lordosis (TS-CL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and pelvic incidence (PI). The Korean version of the SRS-22 questionnaire and the previously validated Short Form-36 (SF-36) outcome questionnaire were administered to evaluate HRQOL at last follow-up visits. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significances of differences between preoperative and last follow-up radiological findings. In addition, correlations between radiological parameters and clinical questionnaire scores were sought.

Results

Radiological sagittal parameters were found to be significantly increased after surgical correction in terms of C2–C7 lordosis (3.5 ± 11.4), C2–C7 SVA (1.5 ± 6.0), T1 slope (3.5 ± 6.1), and TK (6.0 ± 8.1). However, no significant difference was observed for TS-CL, LL, PT, SS, and PI (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between radiographic parameters and questionnaire scores. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of HRQOL, and the results obtained revealed that postoperative T1 slope significantly predicted SRS, PCS, and MCS scores and that postoperative C2–C7 SVA predicted SRS scores.

Conclusions

Changes in cervical sagittal parameters were significant after deformity correction in AIS patients. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between postoperative radiographic parameters and HRQOL. In particular, T1 slope and C2–C7 SVA were found to be significant predictors of HRQOL in AIS patient.

     

经关节突“V”形截骨与经椎弓根椎体截骨对脊柱-骨盆复合体平衡的影响

 目的 比较多节段经关节突“V”形截骨(Smith-Petersen osteotomies,SPOs)与经椎弓根椎体截骨(pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO)重建强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者脊柱-骨盆复合体平衡的效果。方法 2000年8月至2010年6月应用SPOs或PSO矫形内固定术治疗39例强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者。SPOs组15例,男13例,女2例;年龄18~42岁,平均(28.1±7.1)岁。PSO组24例,男20例,女4例;年龄21~53岁,平均(38.3±7.9)岁。比较两组患者术前、术后3个月及末次随访的脊柱-骨盆参数：胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、全脊柱最大后凸Cobb角(global kyphosis,GK)、矢状面平衡(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)、骨盆投射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)和骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilting,PT)。结果 除TK和PI外,其他参数手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义。术前测量指标除PI、GK及LL外,其他参数两组间比较差异均无统计学意义;术后LL、GK、PT及SS两组间比较差异有统计学意义。末次随访时,SVA、LL、GK、PT及SS的矫正丢失两组间比较差异有统计学意义。结论 对强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者,PSO能够获得更好的脊柱-骨盆复合体平衡重建,而SPOs易于发生远期矫正度丢失。