3.0T MRA检查对蛛网膜下腔出血病人诊断及治疗方案制定的临床价值

摘要目的本研究主要评价3.0T非增强磁共振血管成像(MRA)对蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)病人的诊断及制定治疗方案的临床价值。方法共165例SAH病人在DSA前先进行三维时间飞跃法MRA(3D-TOF-MRA)检查,并判断动脉瘤是否适合弹簧圈栓塞(用或不用球囊或支架辅助)、外科夹闭或保守治疗。将根据3D-TOF-MRA制定的治疗方案与实际采取的治疗方案或通过DSA制定的治疗方案相比较。     

旋转血管造影技术对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨旋转血管造影技术对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法对21例蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoid hemorrhage，SAH）患者的脑血管造影检查资料进行回顾性分析，所有患者均行常规数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography，DSA）及旋转DSA检查，比较DSA和旋转DSA对动脉瘤瘤体、瘤颈和载瘤血管的显示情况。结果④21例患者共发现动脉瘤23个，常规DSA仅清晰显示16个，旋转DSA清晰显示23个。②DSA清晰显示瘤颈4个，载瘤血管11个，旋转DSA清晰显示瘤颈17个，载瘤血管21个。经统计学处理，差异均具有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论旋转DSA比常规DSA更容易发现动脉瘤．能更清晰显示动脉瘤形态、位置以及与周围血管的关系，是常规DSA不可缺少的补充。     

数字减影CT血管造影对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的 :探讨数字减影CT血管造影(digital subtraction CT angiography,DSCTA)对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析30例颅内动脉瘤合并自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的临床及影像学资料,并行MIP、VR观察动脉瘤。结果:30例共37个动脉瘤,前交通动脉6个,大脑前动脉2个,大脑中动脉9个,后交通动脉16个,基底动脉2个,颈内动脉2个。23例单发,7例多部位动脉瘤。DSCTA共发现35个动脉瘤,漏诊2个。动脉瘤大小3 mm×2.9 mm~12 mm×10 mm。18例行弹簧钢圈栓塞。7例行开颅夹闭术。DSCTA检查的敏感度为94.59%,特异度为100%,准确率为94.59%。结论:DSCTA是一种快速准确诊断颅内动脉瘤的非侵袭性检查方法,对颅内动脉瘤的检出具有极高的敏感性和特异性,为临床治疗方案的选择提供了可靠依据,有极高的临床价值。     

对比剂增强的磁共振血管成像技术对比数字减影血管造影在颈部动脉诊断中的应用

目的：回顾性分析透视触发对化剂增强的磁共振血管成像（CE-MRA）技术对颈部血管的应用,与数字减影血管造影（DSA）对比,探讨其敏感性及应用价值。方法收集2011-2012年经MRA检查患者中临床表现有脑供血异常,疑颅内、颈内动脉或椎动脉狭窄、均进行透视触发CE-MRA和DSA检查的病例资料共28例进行分析。结果 CE-MRA检出狭窄部位30处,其中狭窄程度50％以上14处,完全闭塞6处,50％以下10处。 DSA检出狭窄部位28处,其中狭窄程度50％以上8处,完全闭塞4处,50％以下16处。2处MRA疑轻度狭窄,DSA未见异常;2处MRA示完全闭塞（颈内动脉）,而DSA示狭窄率90％以上。结论透视触发CE-MRA简便易行,敏感性与特异性均较高,可以作为可疑颈部及颅内动脉狭窄患者的首选检查方法。     

多层面螺旋CT三维血管造影诊断脑动脉瘤临床价值的初步探讨

目的 探讨多层面螺旋CT三维血管造影（3D－MSCTA）作为脑动脉瘤首选诊断方法的临床价值。方法 32例疑诊脑动脉瘤病例（其中13例有蛛网膜下腔出血）,先后行3D－MSCTA、数字减影血管造影（DSA）和手术治疗。Toshiba多层面螺旋CT－AQUILION采集原始数据,扫描速度0．5s／每转,层厚1．0mm,螺距3．0／5．0mm;对比剂安其格纳芬：1．0－2．0ml/kg体重,注射速度：2．5－3．0ml/s,延迟时间：15－23s;SGI 02图像后处理工作站,后处理软件为：ALATOVIEW版本1．21,采用遮盖容积重建（SVR）、最大密度投影（MIP）和CT仿真内窥镜（Fly-through)3种后处理技术。所得图像分别由3位放射科医生和2位脑外科医生评价。结果 3D－MSCTA检出动脉瘤25个,显示瘤体、瘤颈、载瘤动脉与周围血管及颅骨的关系清晰、确切。DSA检出动脉瘤22个,漏检1个前交通动脉瘤2个左中动脉瘤。23例病人中16例接受手术治疗,3D－MSCTA诊断与术后诊断一致。瘤体最大直径14．0mm,最小直径1．7mm,与DSA 测量结果经t检验无显著性差异（t＝1．46,P＞0．05）。结论 3D－MSCTA检出脑动脉瘤敏感性高、快速、无创,可以作为诊断脑动脉瘤的首选影像学方法。     

平板数字减影血管成像三维旋转血管造影在颅内微小动脉瘤诊疗中的应用

目的探讨平板数字减影血管成像(DSA)三维旋转血管造影(3DRA)在颅内微小动脉瘤(≤3mm)诊疗中的应用价值。资料与方法88例蛛网膜下腔出血患者利用平板DSA行常规全脑血管造影,再行3DRA检查,并利用其工作站行三维重建,分析其二维(2D)与3DRA显示颅内动脉瘤的差异,并分析3DRA对微小动脉瘤的最佳显示角度,制订血管内栓塞治疗方案。结果平板DSA常规全脑血管造影检出颅内动脉瘤69例,微小动脉瘤1例;利用其3DRA检出动脉瘤82例,微小动脉瘤14例。13例3DRA显示而2D未显示的颅内动脉瘤均为微小动脉瘤,两者在动脉瘤检出率方面(93.18%对78.41%)差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.000,P<0.05)。14例微小动脉瘤中,2例行血管内栓塞治疗,7例行外科手术治疗。结论 3DRA显著提高了颅内微小动脉瘤的检出率,是颅内微小动脉瘤诊断和栓塞治疗的有力工具。     

磁共振血管造影在颅内动脉瘤诊断和血管内治疗中的应用价值

颅内动脉瘤血管内治疗同传统手术相比不需开颅、创伤小,成功率高。随着神经介入技术的发展,血管内治疗颅内动脉瘤已成为临床治疗的重要手段,甚至是首选方法。血管内治疗颅内动脉瘤成功与否离不开术前对于动脉瘤、颅内血液循环系统准确评价。多年来,DSA全脑血管造影是诊断和评估颅内动脉瘤治疗效果的金标准,     

旋转式三维数字减影血管造影在脑动脉瘤临床诊断和治疗中的应用价值

目的：探讨旋转式三维数字减影血管造影在脑动脉瘤诊断和治疗中的应用价值，提高诊断水平，增强治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析了213例脑动脉瘤患者的二维、三维数字减影脑血管造影的影像学资料，并对其结果进行了对比分析。结果：213例患者中共检出222枚脑动脉瘤，其中囊性动脉瘤197枚，梭形动脉瘤16枚，夹层动脉瘤9枚；在222枚脑动脉瘤中，小型动脉瘤105枚，中型动脉瘤89枚，大型动脉瘤22枚，巨大型动脉瘤6枚。常规DSA清楚显示的有205枚，17枚显示可疑由三维数字减影脑血管造影进一步证实；对138例脑动脉瘤患者进行手术开颅银夹夹闭治疗，19例进行介入性金属微弹簧圈栓塞治疗。结论：旋转式三维脑血管造影可有效提高脑动脉瘤的诊断准确性和多种治疗方法的安全十牛及疗效。     

CT血管成像和MR血管成像在颅内创伤性动脉瘤中的诊断价值

颅内创伤性动脉瘤（traumatic aneurysm，TA）国内外报道较少，其检查方法多采用数字减影血管造影术（DSA），而C血管成像（CTA）和MR血管成像（MRA）及其临床诊断价值尚未见系统报道。笔者收集近期6例TA患者资料，并对这两种检查方法进行初步探讨。     

自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的CTA与DSA对比研究

目的:探讨64层CTA与DSA对自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage,s-SAH)的应用价值及其限度。方法:收集153例s-SAH患者的CTA及DSA检查资料,回顾性分析2种检查方法的图像质量(采取1³分评分制),并比较2种方法在脑动脉瘤检出方面的灵敏度、特异度及准确度。结果:图像质量评分CTA为(2.63±0.262)分,DSA为(2.73±0.254)分,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CTA对脑动脉瘤的检出的灵敏度为96.2%,特异度为94.9%,准确度为95.9%;DSA灵敏度为97.7%,特异度为97.4%,准确度为97.6%,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在s-SAH患者中,CTA与DSA均能准确检出动脉瘤所致破裂出血。相较于DSA,CTA能多方位显示病变,对血管壁及血管周围情况的显示更具价值。     

The source of haemorrhage in traumatic basal subarachnoid haemorrhage

Traumatic basal subarachnoid haemorrhage (TBSH) following trauma to the head, face or neck is well-established as a cause of death; however it remains a heavily disputed topic as the site of vascular injury is difficult to identify. Whilst many regions within the vasculature of the head and neck have been proposed as more susceptible to rupture, the vertebral artery remains the focal point of many investigations. We present a retrospective case review of TBSH in our forensic centre at Forensic and Scientific Services in Brisbane, Australia, from 2003 to 2011. Thirteen cases of TBSH were found, one case excluded due to vasculopathy. All decedents were male, the majority of which were involved in an altercation receiving blows to the head, face, or neck and were unconscious at the scene. All victims were under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or a combination thereof. External examination revealed injuries to the head, face, and neck in all cases. Various combinations of further examination techniques were used during the post-mortem examination including brain and/or cervical spine retention, CT imaging, and angiography. Vascular injury was identified in eight of the twelve cases, all of which occurred intracranially, with seven involving the vertebral artery. Histology was most reliable in identifying the rupture site and angiography failed to reveal a rupture site. The added benefits of histology over angiography are the ability to identify the microscopic architecture of the tear and to diagnose vasculopathy that may have rendered the individual more susceptible to TBSH.     

The negative angiogram in subarachnoid haemorrhage

Our purpose was to review the incidence of negative cerebral panangiography in acute nontraumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH); to document the amount and distribution of subarachnoid blood on CT and determine its relationship to findings on repeat angiography; and to study the outcome of these patients from the time of presentation to hospital discharge. From 1983 to 1992, 295 patients underwent cerebral angiography for acute SAH at our institution. The CT, angiographic and MRI findings and clinical course of patients with initially negative angiograms were reviewed retrospectively. The overall incidence of negative cerebral panangiography was 31 % (92/295). An aneurysm was disclosed on a second angiogram in 4 cases, and on a third angiogram in 1, giving a total false negative rate of 5 %. In 55 % of cases, only a small amount of SAH was present on CT. The distribution of the subarachnoid blood was nonspecific and resembled the pattern seen in aneurysmal SAH. Ninety-four percent of the patients presented in Hunt-Hess grades I and II. The complications of conservative treatment were few: a rebleed rate of 4 %, delayed cerebral ischemia in 4 %, cerebral infarcts in 8 % and hydrocephalus requiring shunting in 3 %. On discharge, 93 % of patients had recovered completely and the others were left with moderate disability. There were two deaths related to massive rebleeding. Patients with perimesencephalic SAH (35 %) fared particularly well; none developed complications during their hospital stay and repeat angiograms never revealed an underlying aneurysm. In such cases, further angiographic investigations do not seem warranted.     

The negative angiogram in subarachnoid haemorrhage

Our purpose was to review the incidence of negative cerebral panangiography in acute nontraumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH); to document the amount and distribution of subarachnoid blood on CT and determine its relationship to findings on repeat angiography; and to study the outcome of these patients from the time of presentation to hospital discharge. From 1983 to 1992, 295 patients underwent cerebral angiography for acute SAH at our institution. The CT, angiographic and MRI findings and clinical course of patients with initially negative angiograms were reviewed retrospectively. The overall incidence of negative cerebral panangiography was 31% (92/295). An aneurysm was disclosed on a second angiogram in 4 cases, and on a third angiogram in 1, giving a total false negative rate of 5%. In 55% of cases, only a small amount of SAH was present on CT. The distribution of the subarachnoid blood was nonspecific and resembled the pattern seen in aneurysmal SAH. Ninetyfour percent, of the patients presented in Hunt-Hess grades I and II. The complications of conservative treatment were few: a rebleed rate of 4%, delayed cerebral ischemia in 4%, cerebral infarcts in 8% and hydrocephalus requiring shunting in 3%. On discharge, 93% of patients had recovered completely and the others were left with moderate disability. There were two deaths related to massive rebleeding. Patients with perimesencephalic SAH (35%) fared particularly well; none developed complications during their hospital stay and repeat angiograms never revealed an underlying aneurysm. In such cases, further angiographic investigations do not seem warranted.     

血管内栓塞术在急性大出血抢救中的临床价值

目的:评价血管内栓塞在急诊大出血抢救中的临床价值及疗效。方法:56例动脉性出血采用Seldinger氏法,经股动脉穿刺将导管选择插入可疑出血的动脉内先行DSA检查,明确诊断,再超选择插入出血动脉内注入栓塞材料,栓塞出血动脉。17例门静脉高压致食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,则采用经皮穿肝至门静脉主干行门静脉造影,明确出血部位,再超选择插管至出血静脉注入栓塞材料进行栓塞治疗。结果:73例急性大出血患者采用血管内栓塞治疗,均达到止血目的。结论:经导管血管造影加栓塞是治疗急性大出血的重要手段,具有很高的临床价值。     

血管内超声在颈动脉蹼诊疗中的应用

目的探讨血管内超声(IVUS)在颈动脉蹼诊断和治疗中的应用价值。方法2019年1月武汉大学中南医院收治1例男性29岁缺血性脑卒中患者,CTA和高分辨MRI证实右侧颈内动脉起始部颈动脉蹼,采用IVUS技术进一步评估颈动脉蹼形态特征、颈动脉血流状态,并指导支架成形术。结果术中IVUS提示颈动脉蹼呈一与管壁相连的条带状低回声信号影,将管腔血流分隔,其后方血流瘀滞、对比剂滞留;虚拟组织学(VH)成像(iMap-IVUS)提示该结构以纤维组织成分为主,其背面可见部分坏死组织。支架植入术后IVUS、DSA提示支架贴壁良好,颈动脉蹼消失,未见血液湍流及对比剂滞留。结论IVUS技术可对颈动脉蹼进行全面评估,在探索颈动脉蹼致脑卒中机制和指导介入治疗中起着重要作用。     

高场磁共振1H-MRS在乳腺肿瘤定性诊断中的临床应用价值

目的 探讨高场磁共振1 H-MRS在乳腺肿瘤定性诊断中的临床应用价值及影响因素.方法 收集我院经手术病理或穿刺活检病理证实的乳腺肿瘤患者160例,共计172个肿瘤作为研究组,其中乳腺癌93个,良性肿瘤79个.全部病例均于术前行磁共振动态增强后1 H-MRS检查,回顾性分析本组病例的1 H-MRS表现及MRI诊断,并将MRI诊断结果与病理结果进行对比分析.结果 93个乳腺癌病灶中78个出现胆碱(Choline,Cho)峰.79个良性肿瘤中6个出现Cho峰.以3.23ppm处出现Cho峰(SNR≥2)为乳腺癌的诊断标准,其诊断的敏感性为83.9％,特异性为92.4％,准确率为87.8％,阳性预测值为92.9％,阴性预测值为83.0％.结论 高场磁共振1 H-MRS对乳腺癌的诊断敏感性和特异性较高,在乳腺肿瘤的定性诊断中有重要应用价值.     

MRA versus digital subtraction angiography in acute subarachnoid haemorrhage: a blinded multireader study of prospectively recruited patients

We performed a blinded multireader study comparing MR angiography (MRA) with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in 34 prospectively recruited patients who presented with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Two observers independently reviewed the MRA and DSA studies some months after clinical presentation. Presence of an aneurysm was rated on a 4-point confidence scale. Cases in which the initial interpretation of the observers varied were jointly reviewed to reach a consensus opinion. DSA was deliberately chosen not to represent the reference standard and the clinical course and surgical findings were used to explain significant differences between the consensus readings of MRA and DSA. Diagnostic confidence and interobserver agreement were, overall, higher on DSA than on MRA studies (ϰ _DSA = 0.64 versus ϰ _MRA = 0.52 with 95 % CI for Δ = ϰ _DSA-ϰ _MRA [–0.06, 0.31]). With both methods, discrepancies between observers were due to aneurysms overlooked rather than false-positive readings by one observer. Diagnostic accuracy therefore improved when the readings of the two observers were combined, particularly for MRA. Intermethod agreement was only fair and similar for both readers (ϰ _{reader 1} = 0.37 versus ϰ _{reader 2} = 0.32 with 95 % CI for Δ = ϰ _{reader 1}-ϰ _{reader 2} [–0.02, 0.11]). Both interobserver and intermethod agreements improved when the data were analysed on a per-study (positive or negative study) rather than on a per-aneurysm basis. Differences in the consensus reading were due to five aneurysms (four single and one multiple) detected only with MRA and five (two single and three multiple) detected only with DSA. MRA and DSA should be regarded as complementary in the investigation of patients with acute SAH. DSA can no longer be regarded as the reference standard. Received: 24 June 1999/Accepted: 6 November 1999     

MRA of intracranial aneurysm models: a comparison of contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MRA with time-of-flight MRA

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to compare contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography (MRA) using ultrafast spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state (SPGR) with 2D and 3D time-of-flight (TOF) MRA for visualization of intracranial lateral saccular aneurysm models. METHOD: We used lateral saccular aneurysm models with a height of 10 mm and neck sizes of 2.5 and 10 mm. Imaging was performed using a 1.5 T MR system with a head coil. Contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiograms were obtained using 3D ultrafast SPGR sequence with and without the MR Smartprep technique. Two-dimensional and 3D TOF MR angiograms were also obtained. RESULTS: Contrast-enhanced multiphase 3D MR angiograms taken every 5 s after injection of contrast medium proved superior to the other MRA techniques for delineating lateral saccular aneurysm models. Contrast-enhanced 3D MRA images taken with inadequate delay after MR Smartprep trigger showed poor visualization of the aneurysm model. CONCLUSION: Use of contrast-enhanced multiphase 3D MRA with ultrafast SPGR with shorter TR and TE resulted in clear images of the lateral saccular aneurysm model.     

盆腔内急性大出血介入治疗的临床应用价值

目的:探讨介入治疗在盆腔内急性大出血中的应用价值.方法:收集25例盆腔内急性大出血病例,以Seldinger's技术单侧股动脉穿刺行双侧髂血管造影,显示出血部位,以明胶海绵对髂内动脉及其分支行栓塞治疗.结果:25例患者行髂内动脉或其分支栓塞术后止血效果满意.结论:髂血管造影栓塞止血是盆腔内急性大出血的安全、迅速、有效的急救止血方法.