全膝关节置换术后床头VAS评分辅助疼痛护理的效果

目的 观察膝关节骨性关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后床头VAS评分辅助疼痛护理的临床效果.方法 选取2015年1～12月在该科行全膝关节置换术后的76例膝关节骨性关节炎患者,随机分成对照组和观察组各38例;对照组给予常规的骨科疼痛护理,观察组在常规疼痛护理基础上,进一步给予辅助疼痛护理,如:个体化镇痛、合理饮食、早期镇痛、指导患者进行适当的早期功能锻炼等;对两组患者术后第1天至术后第10天的疼痛状态进行床前每日VAS评分监测.结果 两组患者术后的疼痛评分随着时间的推移而下降,术后第4天及术后第5天下降的峰度最大;患者在术后第2天及第3天的疼痛评分最高;观察组术后第1天至术后第10天的疼痛评分均显著小于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 膝关节骨性关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后第2天及第3天的疼痛程度最大,需要护理工作者采取相应的护理干预;辅助疼痛护理能显著降低膝关节骨性关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后的疼痛,值得临床推广使用.     

围术期综合护理对全膝关节置换术患者患肢功能恢复的作用观察

目的探讨围术期综合护理对全膝关节置换术患者患肢功能恢复的作用。方法选择该院2015年9月至2016年11月行全膝关节置换术的患者97例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,对照组48例采用围术期常规护理,观察组49例实施围术期综合护理,比较两组患者术后各阶段膝关节功能评分(HSS)、骨性关节炎指数评分(WOMAC)、患肢功能恢复情况、住院时间及护理满意度。结果观察组患者术后各阶段HSS及WOMAC均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且住院时间、术后首次下地时间及膝关节屈曲超过90°所需时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),最大屈曲度及活动度明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组护理满意度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论围术期综合护理干预可促进全膝关节置换术患者患肢功能的恢复,增强患膝关节稳定性,进一步提高手术效果和护理质量。     

综合护理干预对全膝关节置换术后病人康复效果的影响

[目的]探讨综合护理干预对膝关节置换术后病人康复效果的影响。[方法]选取2011年1月—2013年8月收治的膝关节骨性关节炎老年病人160例,随机分为两组各80例,均施行全膝关节置换术。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上给予综合护理干预。术后观察患膝疼痛评分(VAS)、伤口48 h 引流量、HSS 膝关节评分及生存质量评分。[结果]两组术后不同时间VAS 评分比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);观察组术后48 h 伤口引流量、HSS 膝关节评分及生存质量评分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]综合护理干预能减轻全膝关节置换病人术后患肢疼痛、减少关节渗血、改善膝关节功能,提高生存质量。     

同期双侧膝关节置换术后规范化康复护理的效果研究

目的探讨规范化康复护理对同期双侧膝关节置换术后患者下肢功能恢复的影响。方法将60例行同期双侧膝关节置换术患者随机分成观察组和对照组各30例。对照组给予术后常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予规范化康复护理。比较两组视觉模拟评分(VAS)、并发症发生率和护理满意度。结果观察组患者术后并发症发生率及VAS评分均低于对照组(P0.05),患者满意度则优于对照组(P0.05)。结论规范化康复护理对促进同期双侧膝关节置换术后功能恢复效果显著,能有效降低患者术后并发症发生率,增加患膝关节活动度,减轻患肢疼痛,提高患者生活质量及护理满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

膝关节骨性关节炎病人全膝关节置换术后疼痛护理效果观察

[目的]探讨膝关节骨性关节炎病人全膝关节置换术后疼痛护理效果。[方法]将84例行全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗的膝关节骨性关节炎病人根据抽签法分为观察组与对照组各42例,对照组围术期给予骨科常规性护理,观察组在对照组基础上应用疼痛护理干预,观察两组病人术后疼痛情况及康复情况。[结果]观察组术后12h、24h、48h、72h时疼痛模拟评分(VAS)低于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后肢体肿胀持续时间、主动屈膝达90°时间、主动抬腿时间、住院时间短于对照组(P0.05),出院时膝关节主动活动度大于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后1个月、3个月、6个月美国膝关节协会(KISS)评分、简易健康评分(SF-36)评分均高于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]术后疼痛干预能有效减轻膝关节骨性关节炎病人全膝关节置换术后疼痛感,有助于病人术后膝关节功能恢复,缩短病人住院时间,提高病人生活质量。     

医护合作责任制护理对全膝关节置换术患者的影响

目的:探讨医护合作责任制护理对全膝关节置换术患者的影响。方法:将2016年1~6月收治的43例全膝关节置换术患者作为对照组,给予常规护理干预和康复训练;将2016年7月~2017年1月收治的53例患者作为观察组,采用医护合作责任制护理模式。比较两组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、锻炼依从度、术后膝关节活动度及功能恢复情况。结果:两组术后7 d VAS评分均低于同组术后1 d(P0.01),且观察组术后7 d VAS评分明显低于对照组同期(P0.01);观察组锻炼依从度高于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后3、7、14 d膝关节活动度均高于对照组(P0.05);观察组功能恢复优良率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:医护合作责任制护理能缓解全膝关节置换术患者术后疼痛,提高锻炼依从度,促进膝关节功能恢复,值得推广应用。     

加速康复外科护理对膝关节置换术后患者并发症及运动功能的影响

目的探讨膝关节骨性关节炎患者行膝关节置换术治疗后应用加速康复外科(ERAS)护理取得的效果,评估对术后并发症发生率以及肢体运动功能产生的影响。方法以2021年1月至2022年1月于南京医科大学附属南京医院行膝关节置换术治疗的92例膝关节骨性关节炎患者作为研究对象,采取随机数字表法将其划分为对照组和观察组,各46例。对照组施以常规护理,观察组基于常规护理应用ERAS护理。比较2组患者的肢体运动能力、膝关节功能以及术后并发症发生率。结果出院时和护理后6个月,2组患者的肢体运动功能评分均优于术前(P均<0.05),且观察组均具有明显优势(P均<0.05)。出院时、护理后3个月和护理后6个月,2组患者的膝关节功能评分均高于术前(P均<0.05),且观察组均高于同期对照组(P均<0.05)。观察组的术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论ERAS护理可有效改善膝关节骨性关节炎患者术后肢体运动功能,降低并发症发生率,促进膝关节功能恢复。     

徒手淋巴引流对全膝关节置换术后早期关节功能的影响

目的:探讨徒手淋巴引流对全膝关节置换术后患者早期关节功能恢复的影响。方法:将50例全膝关节置换患者按照随机数字表法分为2组,对照组采用常规康复护理方法,试验组在常规康复护理的基础上予徒手淋巴引流,观察2组患者术后第1天、3天、7天、14天患肢疼痛、肿胀和膝关节屈伸功能的变化。结果:疼痛得分试验组较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后第3天及第7天,试验组患肢髌上10 cm腿围差值较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但术后第14天,两组患者腿围差值无统计学差异(P0.05)。膝关节屈伸度在术后第7天及第14天,试验组和对照组有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:徒手淋巴引流可缓解膝关节置换术术后早期疼痛、肿胀,促进膝关节主动屈伸功能的恢复。     

冰敷应用在膝关节置换术后的效果分析

目的观察冰敷冷疗在减轻全膝关节置换术后患肢肿胀、疼痛及出血量等方面效果。方法将62例人工膝关节置换术患者随机分为观察组与对照组,各31例。对照组患者予以常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上加以使用冰敷冷疗。于术后12h、24h、36h分别观察并记录切口引流量、患肢疼痛度;观察术后24h、48h、72h患肢肿胀情况。结果观察组疼痛评分、患肢肿胀度、切口引流量,均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论冰敷冷疗有效减轻患肢肿胀,疼痛程度,减少切口出血量,促进膝关节早日功能锻炼。     

单髁置换术对膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎病变患者预后转归的影响

目的 研究单髁置换术对膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎病变患者预后转归的效果。方法 选取广州中医药大学顺德医院骨伤三科2019年9月至2021年6月收治的149例膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎病变患者,按照手术方法分为对照组和观察组,其中对照组65例(采用全膝关节置换术治疗),观察组84例(采用单髁置换术治疗),比较两组手术相关指标、疼痛评分、临床效果、股骨内髁参数、并发症发生情况、心理状态及生活质量。结果 (1)观察组手术后术中出血量、术后5 d血红蛋白(Hb)水平下降量等手术相关指标低于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)观察组术后1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)术前,纽约特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS)评分、膝关节屈曲度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月,观察组上述指标高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后主动屈曲90°所需时间低于对照组(P<0.05),膝关节功能优良率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。(4)两组股骨内髁参数在冠状位、横断面水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察...     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.