Toric人工晶体与角膜陡峭轴切口矫正白内障合并低度散光的临床研究

目的: 比较右上方透明角膜切口联合散光矫正型人工晶体(toric intraocular lens,Toric IOL)植入与陡峭轴切口联合非球面人工晶体植入术后残余散光及视觉质量的影响。方法: 纳入2020年1月1日至2021年1月1日在包头医学院第一附属医院眼科门诊就诊,拟行白内障超声乳化吸除术联合IOL植入术的老年性白内障合并低度数角膜散光(散光度为1.0～1.5 D)患者60例(60眼),按不同手术方式分为右上方透明角膜切口联合Toric IOL植入组(试验组)和陡峭轴切口联合非球面IOL植入组(对照组),每组30例(30眼),术后随访3个月。观察患者裸眼视力(uncorrected visual acuity,UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、残余散光(residual astigmatism,RA)、对比敏感度(contrast sensitivity,CS)和主观视觉质量。结果: 术后均随访3个月。试验组术眼UCVA明显优于对照组(P＜0.05);试验组和对照组术后BCVA比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);试验组和对照组的散光度数均较术前明显降低(P＜0.05),且试验组残余散光度数较对照组明显减少(P＜0.05);试验组CS在暗光眩光环境下各空间频率(3、6、12、18 cpd)优于对照组(P＜0.05);两组CS在明光、明光眩光、暗光环境下各空间频率(3、6、12、18 cpd)对比,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);试验组中有眩光视觉干扰症状的患者人数少于对照组(P＞0.05)。结论: 两种手术均可有效提高患者的视力及降低术后散光度数,但右上方角膜切口联合Toric IOL植入术可获得更佳的裸眼视力及对比敏感度、更低的残余散光度数和更高的视觉质量,是目前白内障合并低度数角膜散光患者较为有效的治疗方法。     

透明角膜切口位置对白内障超声乳化手术疗效及眼前节参数的影响

目的通过比较角膜缘不同距离的透明角膜切口（CCI）对白内障超声乳化术手术疗效及眼前节参数变化的影响,探究CCI 距离角膜缘的安全距离范围。方法回顾性病例对照研究。纳入2017年3月~2018年7月于西安交通大学第二附属医院行白内 障超声乳化联合IOL植入术的患者44例（44眼）,根据术后CCI距离角膜缘的距离分为两组,A组（距离为1~1.5 mm）,B组（距离 为0.5~1 mm）,每组各22例。评估分析两组术后视力、术源性散光（SIA）、角膜相差及眼前节参数。结果A、B两组术后的裸眼 视力（UCVA）、最佳矫正视力（BCVA）均较术前明显提高（P<0.05）,两组术后的前房深度（ACD）较术前加深（P<0.05）,前房角度 （ACA）较术前增加（P<0.05）。A、B两组间的术后UCVA、BCVA无明显差异（P>0.05）。A、B两组间SIA无明显差异（P>0.05）。 A、B两组间的术后角膜总相差RMS值、总低阶像差RMS值、总高阶像差RMS值、球差（Z4 0）、水平三叶草（Z3 3）、垂直三叶草（Z3 -3）、 水平慧差（Z3 1）及垂直慧差（Z3 -1）无明显差异（P>0.05）。A、B两组间的术后ACD、ACA、前房容积（ACV）及中心角膜厚度（CCT） 无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论CCI位置在距离角膜缘内0.5~1 mm与距离角膜缘内1~1.5 mm的白内障超声乳化术均具有较好的 手术疗效,两种CCI的白内障超声乳化术视觉质量相当。结果提示角膜缘内0.5~1.5 mm是CCI的安全距离范围。     

白内障摘除治疗中超声乳化和小切口对患者角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的:分析白内障摘除治疗中超声乳化和小切口对患者角膜内皮细胞(CECs)的影响,以此分析术式选择。方法:将100例白内障患者用双盲法分为A组(小切口白内障摘除术)和B组(超声乳化白内障手术)。对比两组患者术前、术后1周、术后6周最佳矫正视力(BCVA)以及角膜内皮检测中的变异系数(CV)、角膜内皮细胞密度(ECD)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)、六角形细胞比例。结果:术后1周及6周,两组患者BCVA值均明显提高,ECD值均明显降低,(P <0. 05)。术后1周,两组CCT值均明显提高(P均<0. 05),且A组高于B组(P <0. 05)。两组不同时间段BC-VA、ECD、CV、六角细胞比例、CECs丢失差异均无统计学意义(P均> 0. 05);两组术前及术后6周CCT值差异无统计学意义(P均> 0. 05)。结论:(1)两种手术对患者术后视力、角膜内皮细胞形态学和功能的影响相当;(2)应加强术前检查,术中操作和术后观察治疗,从而减少患者角膜内皮细胞丢失。     

Pentacam系统在白内障患者超声乳化术前术后分析中的应用

目的探讨白内障超声乳化术前术后前房空间状态变化及其与术后角膜内皮细胞变化之间的相关性。方法对60例(78眼)年龄相关性白内障患者行白内障超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术。术前及术后1周以Pentacam测定前房容积(ACV)、前房深度(ACD)、前房角(ACA),并使用非接触型角膜内皮显微镜观察中部角膜内皮细胞的密度变化。结果术前的平均ACV为(154.66±32.14)mm3,ACD为(2.83±0.42)mm,ACA为(30.56±6.86)°。术后一周平均ACV为(186.35±35.2)mm3,ACD为(3.94±0.40)mm,ACA为(42.56±8.06)°。术后1周平均中部角膜内皮细胞损失率为(18.53±6.02)%;术前的ACV与术后1周角膜内皮细胞损失率呈显著负相关(=-0.686,<0.001),ACD与术后1周角膜内皮细胞损失率亦呈显著负相关(=-0.726,<0.001)。结论白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后损伤术眼的角膜内皮细胞,术前前房空间状态的测定为临床评估预后提供重要参考。     

白内障超声乳化吸除术对视觉及眼压和角膜散光的影响

目的:探讨超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术切口位置选择对白内障患者视觉功能、眼内压及角膜散光的影响。方法:选取于我院治疗的白内障患者72例,共计85眼进行观察,入选患者均行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术治疗,据手术切口位置不同分为观察组(n=36,43眼)及对照组(n=36,42眼),观察组在最大角膜屈光力子午线轴位做3.0mm透明角膜切口,对照组于颞上侧或鼻上侧做3.0mm常规透明角膜切口,术后2组均给予常处置,术后进行随访,比较2组手术前后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、角膜散光度及角膜内皮细胞计数。结果:2组术后BCVA与术前比较呈逐渐升高趋势,角膜内皮细胞计数呈明显降低趋势(P<0.01),但2组间BCVA及角膜内皮细胞计数均无明显差异(P>0.05);2组眼压术后先升高后降低趋势,术后2h、1d眼压明显高于术前(P<0.01),术后2d眼压与术前无明显差异(P>0.05),但2组间术后各时间点眼压均无明显差异(P>0.05);2组角膜散光度于术后呈先升高后降低趋势,手术源性散光度于术后7d~6个月呈逐渐降低趋势,且术后7d~6个月观察组平均角膜散光度均低于对照组(P<0.01),术后1个月~6个月观察组手术源性散光度低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术中选择最大角膜屈率位和常规手术切口均可改善患者的视力,但最大角膜屈率位手术切口可减小患者术后角膜散光度,具有一定优势。     

囊袋张力环联合Toric人工晶状体植入治疗高度近视合并角膜散光的白内障

目的 研究伴有角膜散光的高度近视白内障患者进行超声乳化+环曲面人工晶状体(Toric intraocular lens, Toric IOL)及囊袋张力环(capsular tension ring, CTR)植入术的临床效果及稳定性。方法 通过回顾性研究,分析在武汉市第一医院行白内障超声乳化吸除术的高度近视伴有角膜散光的患眼54例(76眼),其中31例(38眼)联合植入Toric IOL及CTR(联合组),23例(38眼)单纯植入Toric IOL(对照组)。术后随访6个月,比较两组患者术前及术后视力、角膜内皮细胞密度、人工晶状体旋转度、残余散光度,以及并发症发生情况。结果 术后6月,两组患者裸眼远视力(uncorrected distance visual acuity, UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity, BCVA)均显著高于术前,联合组术后UCVA(LogMAR)优于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(0.34±0.15)vs.(0.46±0.25),P<0.05]。术后1周、1月、3月及6月,联合组散光分别为(0.38±0.31...     

2.6mm与3.0mm透明角膜隧道式主切口超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗老年性白内障患者的效果比较

目的：比较2.6 mm与3.0 mm透明角膜隧道式主切口超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗老年性白内障患者的效果。方法：回顾性分析2019年12月至2022年3月该院收治的374例老年性白内障患者的临床资料,按照治疗方法不同将其分为观察组和对照组各187例。两组均行透明角膜隧道式主切口超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗,对照组切口长度为3.0 mm,观察组切口长度为2.6 mm。比较两组术前和术后3个月眼压、裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力（BCVA）水平,角膜散光度、角膜敏感度、角膜表面不对称指数（SAI）和泪膜功能指标[泪膜破裂时间（BUT）、泪液分泌试验（Sit）]水平,以及并发症发生率。结果：术后3个月,观察组眼压、BCVA水平均低于对照组,裸眼视力水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组角膜散光度均高于术前,但观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组BUT、Sit水平均低于术前,但观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组并发症发生率和手术前后角膜敏感度、SAI水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：2.6 mm透明角膜隧道式主...     

角膜光密度、中央角膜厚度、角膜内皮细胞计数在评估糖尿病角膜病变中的作用

目的:分析角膜光密度(corneal optical density,CD)、中央角膜厚度(central corneal thickness,CCT)、角膜内皮细胞计数(corneal endothelial cell count,CECC)在评估糖尿病角膜病变(diabetic keratopathy,DK)中的作用。方法:选取2012年3月至2013年3月于我院眼科就诊的糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)患者180例180只眼,按病程分为<5年组、5~10组与>10年组,每组各60例60只眼,另选同期健康体检者60例60只眼作为健康对照组。用PTC(oculus pentacam,PTC)测量各组的CD、CCT。同时用角膜内皮镜检查角膜内皮细胞密度(endothelial cell density,ECD)。用偏相关系数控制年龄因素后,对DM组CD、ECD、CCT与病程长短做相关性分析;同时对DM组角膜中层、内层CD与CCT做相关性分析。结果:DM组CD比对照组增加;内层、中层CD、CCT与DM病程正相关;ECD与之无明显相关性;在DM患者中角膜中层、内层CD与CCT正相关。结论:中层、内层角膜光密度和CCT是反映早期糖尿病角膜病变的一个敏感指标。     

TICL V4c植入术后拱高对散光轴旋转角度的影响

目的 分析有晶体眼散光型人工晶体(TICl V4c)植入术后拱高对人工晶体散光轴旋转角度的影响。方法 选取眼科接受TCIL V4c植入术的近视患者89例(174眼),按照术后1周拱高的大小分为低拱高组、中拱高组以及高拱高组,术前检测患者裸眼视力(UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、屈光情况(球镜度数及柱镜度数)、非接触式眼压(IOP)、前房深度(ACD)以及内皮细胞计数(ECD);术后随访2年,记录患者的拱高变化情况及散光轴旋转角度情况,分析拱高与散光轴旋转角度的关系。结果 TICl V4c植入术后2年,低、中、高拱高组3组患者术后平均UCVA均高于术前(P<0.01);术后2年,3组患者的UCVA(0.97±0.24)好于术前BCVA(t=-8.78,P<0.01);3组近视患者术前的平均球镜度(-10.10±3.76)D提升至术后的(-0.39±0.81)D,术前的平均柱镜度(-2.36±1.03)D提升至术后的(-0.44±1.53)D(P<0.01);术后随访3组患者IOP、ECD均保持在正常范围内,且与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);所有...     

Acrysof Toric人工晶状体矫正角膜散光的临床研究

目的评价Acrysof Toric人工晶状体（IOL）矫正角膜散光的效果及在囊袋内的稳定性。方法收集确诊为年龄相关性白内障并伴有角膜规则散光的患者45例（45眼）,采用白内障超声乳化法植人AcrysofToric IOL。观察术前、术后裸眼视力（UCVA）及最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、术前角膜散光、预计残余散光、术后残余散光及IOL旋转度。结果术后3个月92%患眼UCVA≥0.5,78%患眼UCVA≥0.8,BCVA≥0.8者达96%。术前角膜散光平均为（1.400±0.405）D。术后3个月残余散光为（0.197±0.179）D。3个月时与术后第l天轴位相比较,IOL旋转平均为（2.322±1.853）°。结论 Acrysof Toric IOL可使患者获得更好的裸眼远视力,减少了患者的残余散光,预测性强,具有良好的旋转稳定性,是一种有效的矫正角膜规则散光的治疗方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.