山柰酚激活p38 MAPK信号通路促进人牙周韧带间充质干细胞的迁移和成骨细胞分化

目的 ：基于p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路,探讨山柰酚（KFR）对人牙周韧带间充质干细胞（HPL-MSC）迁移能力和成骨细胞分化能力的影响。方法 ：体外培养HPL-MSC细胞系,根据细胞处理方式不同,分为0μmol/L KFR组、0.01μmol/L KFR组、0.1μmol/L KFR组、1μmol/L KFR组、10μmol/L KFR组、100μmol/L KFR组、p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580组（SB203580组）、0.1μmol/L KFR+SB203580组（0.1+SB203580组）,药物处理24 h或48 h。药物处理48 h后,进行成骨细胞诱导培养7 d。采用划痕实验、Transwell检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力,Western blotting评估成骨分化能力和p38 MAPK的活化水平,细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK8)检测细胞活力。结果 ：与0μmol/L KFR组相比,处理24 h后的1μmol/L KFR组细胞活力较高,而100μmol/L KFR组细胞活力较低;处理48 h后的0.01、0.1、1μmol/L KFR组细胞活力较高,而在...     

依达拉奉对Aβ\25-35诱导的PC12细胞MAPKs信号通路的影响

目的探讨自由基清除剂依达拉奉通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs)信号转导通路发挥细胞保护作用的途径,为阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病机制及AD治疗新药的研发增添理论依据。方法培养肾上腺嗜铬瘤细胞(PC12细胞),根据不同的干预措施将细胞分为4组。阴性对照组(高糖DMEM组);AD模型组(30μmol/L Aβ25-35处理组);抑制剂对照组:10μmol/L SB203580〔丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38(p38)抑制剂〕、10μmol/L SP600125〔c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)抑制剂〕或10μmol/L PD98059〔细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)抑制剂〕处理组;依达拉奉低、中、高剂量组:依达拉奉20、40、80μmol/L及30μmol/L Aβ25-35共同孵育组。Western blot检测各组细胞p-p38、p-JNK及p-ERK蛋白的表达;RT-PCR法检测以上各组(抑制剂对照组仅加入SB203580 10μmol/L)p38 mRNA的表达。结果 1与阴性对照组比,AD模型组p-p38蛋白表达增高(P<0.01);与AD模型组比,抑制剂对照组和依达拉奉各组p-p38蛋白的表达减低(P<0.05);依达拉奉3组的p-p38蛋白表达高于抑制剂对照组(P<0.05),与低剂量依达拉奉组比,中剂量依达拉奉组p-p38蛋白有所减低(P<0.05)。2与阴性对照组比,AD模型组p-JNK蛋白表达增高(P<0.05);与AD模型组比,抑制剂对照组p-JNK蛋白的表达减低(P<0.05)。3 pERK表达在各组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4与阴性对照组比,AD模型组的p38mRNA表达增加,而抑制剂对照组的p38mRNA表达减少(分别P<0.05);中、高剂量依达拉奉组p38mRNA表达比AD模型组减低,且比抑制剂对照组还低(P<0.05);以40μmol/L依达拉奉组p38mRNA表达最低,与20μmol/L、80μmol/L依达拉奉组均明显不同(P<0.05)。结论 Aβ25-35可能直接激活MAPK信号通路,尤其p38及JNK,损伤PC12细胞。依达拉奉可能同时在mRNA水平及蛋白质水平,阻断p38信号转导通路,发挥抗Aβ25-35引起的PC12细胞损伤作用,有望成为治疗AD的新药。     

大黄素对高糖环境下系膜细胞收缩功能的影响

目的 探讨高糖环境下大黄素能否通过抑制系膜区p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)的过度活化而改善系膜细胞的收缩功能。方法 培养系膜细胞,调整培养液为以下5组：正常糖组（糖浓度5.6mmol/L,NG组）、高糖组（糖浓度30mmol/L,HG组）、低质量浓度大黄素组（50mg/L大黄素+高糖,LE组）、高质量浓度大黄素组（100mg/L大黄素+高糖,HE组）和过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ（PPARγ）抑制剂GW9662组（10μmol/L GW9662+高糖+高质量浓度大黄素,GW组）。系膜细胞收缩力以细胞收缩前后表面积的变化表示,采用Western blot和Real time PCR法测定p38MAPK的活性及PPARγ的表达水平。 结果 高糖组p38 MAPK的活性增加,系膜收缩功能明显下降（P<0.05）;大黄素组能明显抑制p38MAPK的过度活化进而改善系膜细胞的收缩功能,且具有剂量依赖性（50mg/L大黄素组p38活性降低了40%,100mg/L组降低了73%,P均<0.05）;大黄素组PPARγmRNA水平及其蛋白水平均明显升高（P均<0.05）;PPARγ抑制剂GW9662能有效地阻断大黄素所产生的保护效应（P<0.05）。结论 高糖环境下,大黄素通过激活PPARγ抑制系膜区p38MAPK的过度活化进而改善系膜细胞的收缩功能。     

阻断p38 MAPK信号通路对高糖培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖和氧化应激的影响

目的 探讨p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38MAPK）信号通路的阻断对高糖培养的肾小球系膜细胞增殖和氧化应激的影响。方法 大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（mesangial cells MCs）分别培养在低糖浓度（5．5mmol／L，LG组），高糖浓度（25mmol／L，HG组）及25mmol／L葡萄糖＋10μmol／L SB203580（p38抑制剂）。CCK-8测定MCs增殖，比色法检测细胞培养液中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化。结果 高糖组MCs出现增殖增加，SOD、GSH下降，MDA增加，SB203580干预能抑制MCs的过度增殖，使SOD、GSH增加、MDA减少。结论 抑制p38MAPK途径能抑制高糖环境下的系膜细胞增殖．并显著减少高糖诱导的氧化应激水平。     

NALP3炎性复合体及p38 MAPK信号通路在氧化应激中的作用及阿魏酸钠的干预机制

目的探讨氧化应激时成纤维细胞（NIH-3T3）中NALP3炎性复合体、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）的变化及阿魏酸钠的干预机制。方法将NIH-3T3细胞分为6组:对照组;H2O2 （200 μmol/L）刺激组;阿魏酸钠（400 μg/mL）组;H2O2 +N-乙酰半胱氨酸（H2O2 200 μmol/L+ NAC 5 mmol/L）组（抗氧化组）;H2O2 + p38 MAPK抑制剂（H2O2 200 μmol/L+ SB203580 5 μmol/L）组（p38 MAPK阻断剂组）;阿魏酸钠干预(H2O2 200 μmol/L+阿魏酸钠 400 μg/mL)组。培养24 h后,荧光定量PCR检测各组NIH-3T3细胞中NALP3、Caspase-1及P38α mRNA的表达;培养48 h后,Western blot检测各组NIH-3T3细胞中NALP3、p-p38和p38蛋白的表达量（p-p38为p38活化表示形式,p38 MAPK信号通路的活化用p-p38/p38表示);培养24 h后,ELISA检测各组细胞的上清液中白细胞介素（IL）-1β的含量。结果相比于对照组,H2O2 的刺激可以上调NIH-3T3细胞中NALP3、Caspase-1及P38α mRNA的表达,NALP3及p-p38/p38蛋白的表达量,以及IL-1β分泌均增加（P均＜0.05）;抗氧化组、p38 MAPK阻断剂组及阿魏酸钠干预组相较于H2O2 刺激组,NALP3、Caspase-1及P38α mRNA的表达量以及NALP3、p-p38/p38蛋白的表达量均降低,IL-1β的释放也减少（P均＜0.05）;而抗氧化组、p38 MAPK阻断剂组及阿魏酸钠干预组间上述指标的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论阿魏酸钠可能通过抑制p38 MAPK通路的活化降低NALP3炎性复合体、Caspase-1和IL-1β的表达,从而下调炎症级联反应。     

血液滤过联合乌司他丁治疗脓毒性休克的分子机制

目的研究血液滤过联合乌司他丁治疗脓毒性休克的分子机制。方法分别取正常人血清、脓毒性休克常规治疗患者血
清、脓毒性休克血液滤过联合乌司他丁治疗（CVVH-ULI）患者血清刺激人脐静脉内皮细胞,用FITC标记的白蛋白检测血管内
皮细胞通透性,用罗丹明-鬼笔环肽染色检测聚合丝状肌动蛋白（F-actin）形态改变,并检测p38 的磷酸化。用p38 抑制剂和
DMSO预处理内皮细胞,再用脓毒性休克常规治疗患者血清刺激内皮细胞,观察其对内皮细胞通透性及F-actin形态的影响。结
果脓毒性休克常规治疗患者血清处理内皮细胞可使其通透性增高,F-actin 重排以及p38 磷酸化增加,上述变化可被
CVVH-ULI所抑制。p38抑制剂可以抑制脓毒性休克常规治疗患者血清所诱导的内皮细胞通透性增高和F-actin重排。结论
CVVH-ULI可通过抑制p38活化,进而抑制F-actin重排来降低脓毒性休克所诱发的血管内皮细胞高通透性。
     

冬凌草甲素对人软骨肉瘤SW-1353细胞的增殖和凋亡的影响及其机制探究

目的 探究冬凌草甲素对人软骨肉瘤细胞增殖、凋亡及p38 MAPK信号通路的调控作用。方法 体外培养人软骨肉瘤SW-1353细胞,分为对照组(等量体积DMSO溶剂),5、10、15μmol/L冬凌草甲素组(5、10、15μmol/L冬凌草甲素)、10μmol/L冬凌草甲素+抑制剂组(10μmol/L冬凌草甲素+20μmol/L p38 MAPK通路抑制剂SB203580)和阳性药物组(6μmol/L阿霉素)。用倒置显微镜、活细胞计数(CCK-8)、5-乙炔基-2′脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(EdU)、Hoechst 33258染色、RT-qPCR及蛋白免疫印迹(WB)法对细胞形态、增殖活性、增殖率、凋亡情况、相关因子表达水平进行分析。结果 与对照组比较,实验组、10μmol/L冬凌草甲素+抑制剂组和阳性药物组SW-1353细胞增殖活性、增殖率、cyclin D1及p-p38 MAPK表达水平显著降低,而细胞凋亡数量和caspase-3表达水平增加,且浓度越高变化越显著(P<0.05),与10μmol/L冬凌草甲素组相比,抑制剂的加入使各指标变化更显著。结论 冬凌草甲素可通过抑制p38 MAPK通路抑制人软骨肉瘤SW-1353细胞的增殖诱其凋亡。     

球形脂联素对高糖诱导的NRK-52E细胞单核趋化蛋白-1的表达影响及其可能机制

目的:探讨球形脂联素(gAd)对高糖环境下大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞(NRK-52E)单核趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)mRNA和蛋白表达的影响以及其与p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)通路的关系。方法:将体外培养NRK-52E细胞分为6组:正常糖对照组NG(含5.6mmol/L葡萄糖)、高糖组HG(含25mmol/L葡萄糖)、gAd处理组(分别用gAd2,5,10mg/L+25mmol/L葡萄糖)、p38MAPK抑制剂组(25mmol/L葡萄糖+10μmol/LSB203580)。30min后采用Western印迹方法检测磷酸化p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK)和总p38MAPK(t-p38MAPK)的表达;24hRT-PCR法、Western印迹方法分别检测MCP-1mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果:高糖环境下,NRK-52E细胞p-p38MAPK、MCP-1mRNA和蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05),加入gAd及SB203580后,NRK-52E细胞p-p38MAPK、MCP-1mRNA和蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05),且呈现剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。结论:gAd呈现剂量依赖性抑制高糖诱导的大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞MCP-1高表达,且这种肾脏保护作用是通过p38MAPK途径介导的。     

MG-132对高氧肺损伤中细胞凋亡的保护作用及对p38信号通路的影响

目的 探讨泛素蛋白酶体抑制剂MG-132对高氧诱导的大鼠损伤肺组织中细胞凋亡及p38信号通路激活的保护作用。 方法 将26只SD大鼠随机分为四组：正常对照组（n=5）、MG-132对照组（n=5）、高氧组（n=8）和MG-132高氧组（n=8）。制备高氧肺损伤动物模型,MG-132处理组给予蛋白酶体抑制剂0.5 mg/kg,1次/d,腹腔注射。所有大鼠行肺组织病理学检查;采用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡;免疫组织化学法检测泛素化蛋白和p38蛋白的表达。 结果 高氧暴露的SD大鼠肺组织可见水肿、大量炎症细胞浸润等急性炎症反应。高氧组的凋亡指数、p38MAPK表达均高于正常对照组和MG-132高氧组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。 结论 高氧可以导致肺组织细胞发生凋亡,可能是通过激活p38MAPK信号通路来调控的。蛋白酶体抑制剂MG-132可以减轻高氧引起的肺损伤,可能对p38MAPK信号通路有抑制作用。     

脱敏煎通过TGF-β1介导的p38MAPK信号途径对大鼠睾丸支持细胞紧密连接的调节作用

[目的]探讨转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)介导的p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号途径在睾丸支持细胞紧密连接中的作用以及脱敏煎含药血清对该信号途径的影响。[方法]体外分离培养大鼠睾丸支持细胞,分为空白对照组、阴性对照组、p38MAPK抑制剂组、TGF-β1刺激组、TGF-β1+p38MAPK抑制剂组和TGF-β1+脱敏煎组共6组。建立支持细胞原代双室培养模型,应用跨膜上皮电阻测定法检测细胞两侧跨膜上皮电阻值(trans-epithelial electrical resistance,TER);分别采用Real-time PCR和Western blot检测支持细胞闭合蛋白(Occludin)、p38MAPK的mRNA和蛋白表达量。[结果] 与空白对照组比较,阴性对照组TER、Occludin和p38MAPK mRNA和蛋白表达差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与空白对照组及阴性对照组比较,p38MAPK抑制剂组TER、Occludin和p38MAPK mRNA和蛋白表达差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而TGF-β1刺激组TER和Occludin mRNA和蛋白表达均显著降低(P＜0.01),p38MAPK mRNA和蛋白表达明显升高(P＜0.01)。与TGF-β1刺激组比较,TGF-β1+p38MAPK抑制剂组与TGF-β1+脱敏煎组细胞TER明显升高(P＜0.01),Occludin mRNA和蛋白相对表达量明显升高(P＜0.01),p38MAPK mRNA和蛋白相对表达量明显降低(P＜0.05或0.01)。[结论]TGF-β1可通过p38MAPK信号途径抑制Occludin蛋白表达,进而影响血睾屏障(blood-testis barrier,BTB)开闭,脱敏煎能够有效抑制p38MAPK表达,促进Occludin蛋白的表达。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.