等离子消融术治疗儿童OSAS190例临床观察

目的 探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)行内镜下低温等离子切除扁桃体及腺样体后效果欠佳的原因、术后出血的原因及改进的方法.方法 回顾性分析2007年6月-2011-6月年为190例实行内镜下低温等离子切除扁桃体及腺样体治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的临床资料.结果 疗效评定:治愈152例(80％),显效27例(14.21％),有效9例(4.74％),无效2例,总有效率98.94％.显效及有效的36例中有15例为合并慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者,有望通过鼻部治疗而治愈;6例出现咽腔出血,其中1例是腺样体出血,5例是扁桃体窝出血.结论 低温等离子切除扁桃体及腺样体治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征效果肯定,术后疗效欠佳的原因是单一切除扁桃体或者腺样体、手术适应症未选择好,鼻部疾患未治愈,术后出血是创面未彻底止血,可以通过腺样体创面彻底止血、缝合扁桃体窝而避免.     

经鼻和口进路腺样体切除术出血分析

腺样体肥大除了传统的刮除术外，鼻内镜下用动力切吸腺样体也是广泛采用的一种有效方法。后者的优点是整个手术过程可以在监视器下进行，术野暴露清楚，术中切除腺样体干净，还可防止损失周围解剖组织。尽管存在上述优点，但随着该手术方法的推广，术中和术后仍可能出现相关的并发症，特别是出血。通过国内文献检索，较少有针对腺样体出血的报道。我科2007—2008年行扁桃体切除术和（或）腺样体切除术272例，其中6例术中和术后发生腺样体出血，本文分析可能导致出血的原因，为避免此类并发症的发生提供借鉴作用。     

腺样体及腭扁桃体肥大的微创治疗儿童鼾症

目的探讨CO2激光腭扁桃体部分切除术及鼻内镜下低温等离子射频消融术治疗腺样体肥大的可行性和优点。方法对93例由腭扁桃体及腺样体肥大导致的儿童鼾症，采取CO2激光腭扁桃体部分切除术及鼻内镜下低温等离子射频消融术治疗腺样体肥大，再辅以相应的药物治疗后观察其转归情况。结果随访3-30个月，症状基本消失（75/93）占81%，明显改善（18/93）占19%，总有效率100%。残留腭扁桃体均Ⅰ度肥大，无腺样体残留及并发症发生。结论CO2激光腭扁桃体部分切除术及鼻内镜下低温等离子射频消融术治疗腺样体肥大，具有术野清晰、出血少、痛苦小、病变切除彻底、疗效明显、安全性高、创伤小及并发症少等优点，是一种安全、有效、微创的理想腭扁桃体部分切除术式及腺样体切除术式。     

儿童慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜手术同期腺样体切除疗效分析

1998年2月～2004年12月我科将206例伴腺样体肥大并经药物保守治疗久治不愈的慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜手术患儿分为两组,治疗组同时行腺样体切除术及增生性扁桃体剥离术;对照组单纯行鼻内镜鼻窦手术,经随访分析两组疗效报告如下。     

鼻内镜下腺样体吸切术对咽鼓管周围组织的处理

目的总结鼻内镜下腺样体吸切术在处理咽鼓管咽口周围结构的临床经验。方法回顾分析26例腺样体肥大伴分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效。着重探讨对咽鼓管扁桃体和咽鼓管圆枕后方肥大淋巴组织的处理方法。结果鼻内镜下腺样体吸切术术后治愈率和好转率较常规腺样体刮除术高(P<0.05)。结论鼻内镜直视下用弯头外侧开口吸切头经口腔入路切除腺样体对于清除咽鼓管周围淋巴组织具有明显优势,对于改善咽鼓管通气功能甚为重要,而且降低了咽鼓管咽口损伤的可能。     

儿童腺样体肥大3种切除方式疗效分析

目的：比较传统经口腔腺样体刮除术、鼻内镜下经鼻腔腺样体切除术及鼻内镜下经口鼻腔双径路腺样体切除术的疗效。方法：回顾性分析202例接受腺样体肥大手术患儿的临床资料,比较3种术式术后患儿夜间打鼾、鼻塞、鼻漏及听力等症状的恢复和腺样体残留等情况。结果：传统经口腔腺样体刮除术后6例患儿存在腺样体残留,其他2种术式术后无腺样体残留。鼻内镜下经口鼻腔双径路腺样体切除术后患儿打鼾、鼻塞症状改善明显。结论：腺样体肥大的理想手术方法为鼻内镜下经口鼻腔双径路腺样体切除术。     

鼻内镜经鼻电动切割与微波热凝治疗儿童腺样体肥大疗效的比较

目的比较鼻内镜电动切割与微波热凝经鼻治疗儿童腺样体肥大的疗效.方法在鼻内镜和电视监视下经鼻分别采用电动切割及微波热凝治疗儿童腺样体肥大各36例,治疗由于腺样体肥大引起的儿童睡眠呼吸障碍、鼻阻塞和咽鼓管功能障碍.结果电动切割术后腺样体切除彻底,无残体存留,鼻咽部结构显示良好,无咽鼓管损伤等并发症发生,随访1～2年,患儿症状消失或明显减轻,治疗有效率为100%.微波热凝术后腺样体切除不彻底,仍有残体存留,有咽鼓管损伤等并发症发生,随访1～2年,患儿治疗有效率为83.9%.结论鼻内镜下经鼻电动切割治疗儿童腺样体肥大的疗效优于微波热凝.     

低温等离子射频消融治疗小儿鼾症的临床分析

目的：探讨低温等离子射频消融切除扁桃体及腺样体在治疗小儿鼾症中的临床疗效。方法将54例小儿鼾症患者随机分为实验组与对照组,实验组用低温等离子射频消融刀同时切除扁桃体及腺样体,对照组用电凝刀切除扁桃体的同时用动力切割系统切除腺样体。结果两组患儿均在全麻下行扁桃体及腺样体摘除术,实验组较对照组手术时间短,术中出血量少,术后疼痛轻。术后三月复查两组患儿临床症状均完全缓解。结论低温等离子射频消融是治疗小儿鼾症的有效方法,具有手术时间短、术中出血少、术后疼痛轻等优点,值得临床推广。     

低温等离子刀扁桃体腺样体切除术后出血原因及预防的探讨

目的探讨应用低温等离子刀行儿童扁桃体及腺样体切除术后出血的原因及预防。方法回顾分析2010年11月～2013年2月188例患儿应用低温等离子刀行扁桃体及腺样体切除术,年龄19个月～12岁,平均（5.3±3.1）岁,其中单纯行扁桃体切除60例,同时行扁桃体及腺样体切除69例,单纯行腺样体切除59例。结果 4例发生术后出血,其中3例为术后7～10 d,1例为术后24 h内,均为扁桃体切除术后出血,无腺样体切除术后出血病例。结论患儿自身因素及术者的操作水平是导致术后出血的重要原因,术前及术后宣教及护理、术中充分止血及较高的手术技巧是减少术后出血的关键。     

鼻内镜下低温等离子刀扁桃体部分切除术联合腺样体切除术治疗儿童OSAHS的疗效分析

目的观察鼻内镜下低温等离子刀扁桃体部分切除术联合腺样体切除术治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的疗效。方法 2011年2月~2013年7月收治的96例儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患儿随机分成两组。观察组患者于鼻内镜下行低温等离子刀扁桃体部分切除术联合腺样体切除术,对照组采用双侧扁桃体剥离术联合动力切割系统切除腺样体。观察两组术中及术后情况,比较分析两组疗效。结果观察组较对照组手术时间短,术中出血量少,术后疼痛轻。术后6月PSG检测显示2组临床症状均显著缓解。结论鼻内镜下低温等离子刀扁桃体部分切除术联合腺样体切除术是治疗儿童OSAHS的有效方法,值得临床推广。     

重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者术后红细胞的变化

目的探讨重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者Z型腭咽成形术(Z-palatopharyngoplasty,ZPPP)联合颏舌肌前移舌骨悬吊(genioglossus advancement and hyoid suspension,GAHM)术后红细胞的变化。方法 26例腭咽及舌咽平面阻塞的重度OSAHS(AHI>40)患者,同期行ZPPP联合GAHM手术,术后6个月复查血常规,采用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验分析手术前后各相关参数的变化。结果术后6个月呼吸紊乱指数由术前(65.58±17.56)次/h降至术后(30.08±23.05)次/h(P<0.01),CT90所占睡眠时间的百分比由术前(30.99±28.13)%隆至术后(15.52±25.55)%(P<0.01),平均血氧饱和度由术前(73.85±28.13)%降至术后(82.77±7.33)%(P<0.01);红细胞由术前(4.85±0.56)×1012个/L降至术后(4.77±0.53)×1012个/L(P>0.05),血红蛋白由术前(148.54±10.51)g/L下降至术后(147.17±11.90)g/L(P>0.05),红细胞比积由术前(42.62±3.01)%下降至术后(42.67±4.16)%(P>0.05)。结论ZPPP联合GAHM手术对患者的睡眠呼吸通气指数有所改善,而红细胞未见明显变化。     

突聋患者血液白细胞升高与预后的关系探讨

目的探讨突发性聋(突聋)患者外周血白细胞水平与预后的关系.方法检测222例(230耳)突聋患者治疗前后外周血白细胞(WBC)总数和中性粒细胞(neutrophil,NEUT)百分数,按白细胞水平不同进性分组分析,对其与预后的关系进性探讨.结果222例中有69例(71耳)外周血白细胞总数升高,153例(159耳)正常,两组耳聋程度比较差异无显著性(p＞0.05).两组疗效比较,白细胞升高组治疗有效率明显高于正常组(P＜0.05).两组治疗前外周血白细胞均数之间的差异有显著性,而治疗后升高组白细胞明显下降,组间比较差异无显著性;治疗前中性粒细胞百分数均数两组间比较,差异有显著性,而治疗后差异无显著性.结论近1/3突聋患者外周血白细胞升高,且白细胞升高组治疗起效快、预后好,它对判断预后很有意义.     

Lymphocyte-white blood cell count ratio: a quickly available screening tool to differentiate acute purulent tonsillitis from glandular fever

OBJECTIVE: To find a quickly available screening tool for the differentiation of patients with glandular fever from those with acute purulent tonsillitis. The null hypothesis was that there was no difference between the lymphocyte-white blood cell count (L/WCC) ratio between the 2 patient groups. DESIGN: Retrospective pilot study based on laboratory tests for lymphocyte counts, white blood cell counts, and the mononucleosis spot test. SETTING: Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, St George's Hospital, London, England. PATIENTS: One hundred twenty patients with glandular fever and 100 patients with bacterial tonsillitis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results from the mononucleosis spot test in conjunction with the clinical picture and the L/WCC ratio were analyzed. Significant differences were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney test and Fisher exact test. RESULTS: The L/WCC ratio was significantly different in the 2 groups (P<.001). The mean L/WCC ratio in the glandular fever group was 0.54 and the mean L/WCC ratio in the bacterial tonsillitis group was 0.10. A ratio higher than 0.35 had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 90% for the detection of glandular fever. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that the L/WCC ratio should be used as an indicator to decide whether mononucleosis spot tests should be requested. A ratio higher than 0.35 had a high specificity in our study group.     

喉切除术后应激性溃疡出血

目的 对喉切除术后并发应激性溃疡出血的诊治进行总结，以提高对本病的认识。方法 通过2例病例报告和既往文献的复习，分析本病的临床特点和诊治要点。结果 应激性溃疡出血及时发现后，立即补充血容量。应用H2－受体拮抗剂或质子泵抑制剂、局部止血剂及改善全身情况，取得良好效果。结论 高龄喉切除病人，要密切观察，警惕并发术后应激性溃疡出血。一有迹象，要及时正确处理，对一些高危病人，可以预防性用药。     

Pretreatment performance status and nutrition are associated with early mortality of locally advanced head and neck cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiation

Unexpected fatal events in patients with head and neck cancers undergoing concurrent chemoradiation therapy are a clinical concern. Malnutrition, which is reported frequently in head and neck cancer patients, are associated with immunity derangement. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for early death of patients undergoing chemoradiation. We retrospectively analyzed the records of 194 stage III, IVA, and IVB head and neck cancer patients who were treated with chemoradiation between 2007 and 2009. We defined early death as death while receiving chemoradiation or within 60 days of treatment completion. Risk factors for early death were tested using univariate and multivariate analyses. Fourteen patients (7.2 %) experienced early death, 78.6 % of whom died of infection. Univariate analysis revealed significant correlations between early death and several pretreatment variables, including Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) >1, hemoglobin <10 g/dL, albumin <3 g/dL, body mass index (BMI) <19 kg/m², and peripheral blood total lymphocyte count <700/μL. Multivariate analysis showed that PS >1, BMI <19 kg/m², and peripheral blood total lymphocyte count <700/μL were independent variables associated with early death. Poor performance status and malnutrition before chemoradiation independently predict early death in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation. Cautious management of head and neck cancer patients with these risk factors is required throughout chemoradiation period.     

Maxillofacial mass as the first presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a nine-year-old girl

A nine-year-old girl complained of a maxillofacial mass and mild fever lower than 37.5 °C. A solid mass was detected in the right maxillary fossa by CT and sonographic examination, and the tumor extended backward into the infratemporal fossa without bony destruction. Laboratory studies showed a white blood cell (WBC) count of 31.6 × 10⁹/L, which increased progressively to 50.0 × 10⁹/L over the next several days. Peripheral blood smear revealed 92% lymphoblast with uneven bulk. A biopsy through the right labiogingival groove disclosed a submucosal homogeneous mass. Histologic examination under the microscope revealed atypical mononuclear cells with obvious atypia and nuclear divisions. Bone marrow puncture showed atypical lymphocytes with active proliferation. Immune phenotypic analysis by flow cytometry showed that malignant cells were positive for CD19, CD34, HLA-DR, CD38, CD22, CD58, CD45 and CD56. Real time RT-PCR revealed positive BCR/ABL arrangement. High-risk ALL was diagnosed and four stages of chemotherapies were given for nearly three years. After the induction of the chemotherapy, the facial mass disappeared. A bone marrow biopsy revealed that CR had been achieved since a month after chemotherapy's onset. The initial presentation of ALL as a maxillofacial mass is exceedingly rare. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of ALL presenting as a maxillofacial lesion.     

慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者嗅觉障碍的影响因素分析

目的分析慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,CRSwNP)患者嗅觉障碍的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2014—2018年就诊于北京安贞医院行内镜鼻窦手术治疗的CRSwNP患者88例,男性22例,女性66例,年龄(48.1±11.3)岁(±s,下同)。所有入选患者均于术前行Sniffin′Sticks嗅觉测试、Lund-Mackay评分及改良鼻窦CT嗅区评分、鼻阻力及声反射检查、血常规及血生化等实验室检测、血清特异性IgE检测;术中取鼻息肉组织进行嗜酸粒细胞计数。根据Sniffin′Sticks嗅觉测试结果将患者分成嗅觉功能正常组和嗅觉功能障碍组,两组之间进行临床基线资料比较,根据单因素分析结果,结合临床有意义的指标进一步行多因素Logistic回归模型分析,并初步建立CRSwNP嗅觉障碍的预测模型。设P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果88例CRSwNP患者中,嗅觉正常32例(36.4%),嗅觉障碍56例(63.6%),其中嗅觉下降40例(45.5%)、失嗅16例(18.2%)。单因素分析发现,两组间组织嗜酸粒细胞数、血嗜酸粒细胞百分比、血尿素的差异存在统计学意义[12.7[2.0,52.3]个/高倍视野(M[P25,P75],下同)比38.6[16.2,87.0]个/高倍视野、2.75[1.60,4.80]%比4.35[2.50,6.60]%、(5.56±1.15)mmol/L比(4.98±1.33)mmol/L,P值均<0.05];改良鼻窦CT嗅区评分、除窦口鼻道复合体评分外的Lund-Mackay评分的差异均存在统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归模型分析发现,改良鼻窦CT双侧嗅区总分和血尿素的差异具有统计学意义,其中双侧嗅区总分是嗅觉功能的危险因素(OR=2.108,95%CI:1.407~3.159,P<0.001);一定浓度的血尿素是嗅觉功能的保护因素(OR=0.461,95%CI:0.240~0.884,P=0.020)。进一步研究发现,由组织嗜酸粒细胞计数、血嗜酸粒细胞百分比、改良鼻窦CT双侧嗅区总分、总吸气、血尿素组成的预测模型受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)的值为0.888(P<0.01),对CRSwNP嗅觉障碍预测效果较好。结论改良鼻窦CT嗅区评分与CRSwNP患者的嗅觉障碍密切相关,一定程度的血尿素升高可能对CRSwNP患者的嗅觉功能有保护作用。     

Topical furosemide versus oral steroid in preoperative management of nasal polyposis

The efficacy of topical nasal furosemide treatment has been shown in the protection of nasal polyp recurrence. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of oral steroid, as standard preoperative treatment, and inhaled furosemide, as alternative treatment, for 7 days preoperatively in terms of subjective improvement of nasal symptoms, polyp size reduction, inflammation in the polyp tissue, and intraoperative blood loss. A group of 40 patients with nasal polyposis entered the study and they were randomly allocated to 7-day preoperative treatment with either oral methylprednisolon (1 mg/kg/day) or topical furosemide by inhalation (6.6 mmol/l solution). Subjective scores of rhinosinusitis symptoms, polyp scores at endoscopy, and biopsy of the most superficial polyp were taken at inclusion. All procedures were repeated on day 7. Intraoperative blood loss was estimated (scores 0–10) by the surgeon at the operation. Eosinophils, mastocytes, and oedema were quantified by histomorphometry. Subjective symptoms and endoscopy scores did not differ significantly between the groups after the treatment although improvement of olfaction was insignificantly better in the steroid group. Steroid treatment significantly reduced eosinophil count, with no effect on mastocytes and oedema. Furosemide treatment did not affect inflammatory cells count significantly, but it has significantly reduced oedema in previously unoperated patients. No difference in intraoperative bleeding was observed between the groups.     

鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤与外周血炎症标志物的相关性研究

目的探讨鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤(SNIP)与外周血液炎症标志物的相关性。方法回顾分析2019年2月至2021年3月于河南省人民医院耳鼻咽喉科接受鼻窦内镜手术,经组织病理学诊断为鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的62例患者作为实验组。选取同期62例健康体检者作为对照组。对两组的临床资料进行回顾性分析,对比分析两组术前外周血细胞成分计数及中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR),血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)等之间的差异。将实验组根据是否复发、癌变进一步分为SNIP组(38例),复发组(14例)及癌变组(10例),分别进行多重比较分析。结果实验组与对照组的外周血中性粒细胞(P<0.001)、嗜酸性粒细胞计数(P<0.001),中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞计数比(NLR)(P=0.016),血小板/淋巴细胞计数比(PLR)(P=0.005)差异有统计学意义。建立Logistic回归分析模型发现,NLR的增加(P<0.001)、PLR的减少(P=0.002)以及嗜酸性粒细胞计数的增加(P=0.013)差异有统计学意义。实验组进一步多重比较分析,嗜碱性粒细胞计数在三组间总体差异有统计学意义,其中SNIP和复发组(P=0.045),癌变和复发组(P=0.017)在嗜碱性粒细胞计数比较差异有统计学意义。结论外周血嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞计数及NLR、PLR与SNIP具有相关性,并且可能成为SNIP的外周血液炎症标志物,NLR的增加、PLR的减少以及嗜酸性粒细胞计数的增加可能是SNIP的危险因素。     

The importance of FDG-PET/CT parameters for the assessment of the immune status in advanced HNSCC

ObjectiveCancer cells secrete large amounts of lactic acid via aerobic glycolysis. We have shown that lactic acid plays an important role as a proinflammatory and immunosuppressive mediator and promotes tumor progression. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake detected by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is considered as a good indicator of aerobic glycolysis in cancer. In this study, we examined the relationships between systemic inflammatory parameters and FDG-PET/CT parameters in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Furthermore, we investigated the relationships between FDG-PET/CT parameters and M2-macrophage polarization in HNSCC by assessing the ratio of CD163, a M2-macrophage marker, to CD68, a pan-macrophage marker.MethodsThis study included 73 advanced HNSCC patients. We assessed the C-reactive protein (CRP) level, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and monocyte count as systemic inflammatory markers. Additionally, we assessed the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max), mean SUV (SUV_mean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) as FDG-PET/CT parameters.ResultsThe CRP level, WBC count, and neutrophil count were correlated with whole-body FDG-PET/CT parameters. The CD163/CD68 ratio was correlated with SUVmax and SUVmean. Our results suggest that systemic inflammation, which is associated with neutrophils, develops in patients with HNSCC having tumors with a larger volume and increased glucose uptake and that M2-macrophage polarization is promoted in HNSCC with increased glucose uptake, SUVmax, and SUVmean. FDG-PET/CT has the potential to reflect cancer-related chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive conditions in cancer patients.ConclusionsFDG-PET/CT parameters appear to be useful in assessing the immune status in HNSCC.