不同浓度一氧化氮对5种细菌生长的影响

目的:探讨一氧化氮(NO)对细菌的体外抑菌作用。方法:表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、白色念珠菌5种病菌,在温度37℃,湿度45%~60%条件下,分别暴露于室内空气及10×10-6g/L、25×10-6g/L、40×10-6g/L NO中24 h。结果:10×10-6g/L、25×10-6g/L、40×10-6g/L NO抑制白色念珠菌生长,对金黄色葡萄球菌无抑制;25×10-6g/L、40×10-6g/L NO对表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌有抑菌作用;绿脓杆菌在40×10-6g/L NO中被抑制。结论:①NO对细菌具有选择性抑制作用。②不同细菌对NO敏感性不同,NO对部分细菌抑菌作用呈浓度依赖性。     

烧烫灵软膏皮肤用药的急性毒性研究

目的 :研究烧烫灵软膏皮肤外用的急性毒性反应。方法 :将 1.0∶ 0 .5 (1.0 g软膏相当于生药 0 .5 g)及 1.0∶ 2 .0 (1.0 g软膏相当于生药 2 .0 g)的烧烫灵软膏分别涂于家兔完整及破损皮肤的脱毛区 2 4 h,去除受试物后 1h、2 4h、4 8h、72 h至第 7日进行观察 ,与对照组比较。结果 :给烧烫灵软膏组动物的体重、皮肤、眼、黏膜、呼吸、循环、中枢神经系统、四肢活动等均无明显变化。结论 :结果表明 ,1.0∶ 0 .5 ;及 1.0∶ 2 .0浓度的烧烫灵软膏外用于家兔完整或破损皮肤 ,均未引起毒性反应     

葛根素的体外抑菌作用

目的观察葛根素的体外抑菌作用及其最低抑菌浓度。方陆采用杯碟法和试管二倍稀释法测定葛根素对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌作用。结幂葛根素对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的抑菌作用最强,最低抑菌浓度均为1．25mg／mL;对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为2．5mg／mL;对枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为5mg／mL。结论葛根素在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌均有良好的抑菌效果。     

大柴胡颗粒的抗菌作用研究

目的　研究大柴胡颗粒的体外抑菌和体内抗菌效果。方法　测定大柴胡颗粒在体外的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度 (MBC)。又以金黄色葡萄球菌 (ATCC2 5 92 3)感染小鼠 ,口服大柴胡颗粒以判断其体内抗菌效果 ,并计算其半数有效量 (ED50 )。结果　大柴胡颗粒对金黄色葡萄球菌等 10种常见致病菌有较强的体外抑菌作用。口服一定剂量大柴胡颗粒的感染小鼠生存率明显高于阴性对照 ,其对小鼠的ED50 为 9 6 0 g/(kg·d) ,95 %置信区间为 6 5 7～ 14 0 2 g/(kg·d)。结论　大柴胡颗粒的体内、外抗菌作用均明显 ,此实验结果为其临床应用提供了药效学依据。     

超声下白凤菜总黄酮的优化提取及其体外抑菌活性研究

目的优化白凤菜总黄酮的提取工艺,并研究白凤菜总黄酮的体外抑菌活性。方法以70%乙醇溶液浸提,再用200 W超声波辅助,通过L9(33)正交试验研究白凤菜总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。采用纸片琼脂扩散法和二倍稀释法观察白凤菜总黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷白杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑制作用。结果总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为:预浸泡时间12h、超声温度70℃、超声时间30min。此工艺下白凤菜干粉总黄酮的含量为30.952mg/g。白凤菜总黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷白杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌均有一定抑菌作用;对表皮葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷白杆菌的最低抑菌浓度均为0.84mg/ml,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度均为0.42mg/ml。结论白凤菜总黄酮含量高,且具有广谱的抗菌作用,值得进一步研究。     

利奈唑胺与万古霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药突变选择的比较

目的在体外测定利奈唑胺与万古霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、防细菌耐药突变体选择浓度(MPC)和突变选择指数(SI),比较其防耐药突变能力。方法 采用肉汤法富集1×1010?CFU/mL金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213,采用平板稀释法测两种药物对金黄色葡萄菌的MIC、MPC以及SI,同时测定万古霉素联合利福平与左氧氟沙星后的MPC、SI。结果利奈唑胺与万古霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213的MIC、MPC以及SI分别为1.0、1.0?g/L;6.4、 51.2?g/L;6.4、51.2;万古霉素分别联合利福霉素与左氧氟沙星后的MPC及SI分别为12.8?g/L、25.6;8.0?g/L、16.0。结论利奈唑胺对金黄色葡萄球菌防耐药突变能力强于万古霉素,万古霉素与利福霉素及左氧氟沙星联合后均能降低万古霉素的MPC、SI,提高万古霉素的防耐药突变能力。     

复方中药洗剂单药的体外抑菌实验研究

目的 在复方中药洗剂的最佳提取工艺条件下,通过体外抑菌实验初步验证其体外抑菌作用,观察其对阴道常见致病标准菌的抑菌效果。方法 采用渗漏法提取并干燥白芷、五倍子、川芎、当归、丁香、石斛、人参、珍珠8味药;采用细菌培养法进行体外抑菌实验,观察并记录8味中药提取物对白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、厌氧消化链球菌和阴道加德纳菌5种ATCC标准菌的抑菌作用,并对其进行统计学分析。结果 (1)8味中药提取物对5种ATCC标准菌的MIC中白芷对白色念珠菌和金黄色葡萄球菌、厌氧消化链球菌MIC最低,五倍子和白芷对大肠杆菌和阴道加德纳菌MIC最低。(2)8味中药提取物对5种ATCC标准菌的体外抑菌作用,与生理盐水组比较,P＜0.05。结论 8味中药提取物对白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、厌氧消化链球菌和阴道加德纳菌5种ATCC标准菌均有抑菌作用,MIC不同,且以白芷为优。     

一氧化氮供体SNAP对大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌体外生长的影响

目的:探讨NO供体亚硝基铁氢化钠(SNAP)对大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌的体外抑菌作用。方法:大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌二种常见呼吸道致病菌,在SNAP浓度分别为0.5 mmol/L、1 mmol/L、10 mmol/L、25 mmol/L、50 mmol/L,5个浓度下,于37℃培养箱培养。结果:所有SNAP浓度组均对表皮葡萄球菌有抑制作用,只有50 mmol/L对大肠杆菌有抑制作用。结论:①NO供体SNAP在酸化条件下释放NO;②对表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌具有抑制作用,其抑菌作用呈浓度依赖性。     

国产盐酸加替沙星对临床常见致病菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的评价国产盐酸加替沙星 (gatifloxacin)与司帕沙星 (sparfloxacin)对临床分离株的体外抗菌活性。方法采用琼脂稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度 (minimuminhibitoryconcentration ,MIC)。结果盐酸加替沙星对肺炎克雷伯菌、沙雷菌、不动杆菌、变形杆菌和产气肠杆菌有良好的抗菌活性 ,MIC50 均≤ 0 .0 91 2 μg/ml;其它敏感细菌依次分别为金黄色葡萄球菌 (MIC50 0 .1 4 9μg/ml)、表皮葡萄球菌 (MIC50 0 .8μg/ml)、铜绿假单胞菌 (MIC50 1 .4 5 2 μg/ml)、阴沟肠杆菌 (MIC50 1 .796 μg/ml)、粪肠球菌 (MIC50 6 .4 μg/ml)、大肠杆菌 (MIC50 1 5 .0 4 6 μg/ml)和枸橼酸杆菌(MIC50 2 9.788μg/ml)。盐酸加替沙星对所试菌株的抑菌作用均相当或高于阳性对照药司帕沙星 ,其中对大肠杆菌高 6倍 ,对表皮葡萄球菌高 3.4倍 ,对肺炎杆菌、变形杆菌和不动杆菌高 1倍。结论盐酸加替沙星对所试菌株有着较高的抗菌活性 ,为广谱抗菌药 ,在体外的抗菌作用优于或相当于司帕沙星 ,尤其是对大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎杆菌、变形杆菌和不动杆菌明显优于司帕沙星     

了哥王水煎液的抑菌作用研究

目的 观察了哥王水煎液对4种细菌的抑菌效果.方法 采用琼脂扩散法观察抑菌圈大小,用倍比稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)与最低杀菌浓度(MBC).结果 了哥王水煎液对大肠杆菌ATCC25922,金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923,藤黄八叠球菌CMCC(B)28001,枯草芽孢杆菌CMCC(B)63501均有抑菌效果,其MIC和MBC:大肠杆菌为156mg/ml和312mg/ml;枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均为78mg/ml和156mg/ml;藤黄八叠球菌为39mg/ml和78mg/ml.结论 了哥王水煎液对4种供试菌均有抑菌效果,且具有浓度依赖性.其抑菌强度由强到弱依次为:藤黄八叠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.