端粒酶活性在原发性肝癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨端粒酶活化在原发性肝癌发生发展中的作用。方法 采用端粒重复序列扩增技术（ＴＲＡＰ），对４２例手术切除的原发性肝细胞癌及癌旁组织的端粒酶活性进行检测。结果 ４２例肝癌组织有３４例检出端粒酶活性，阳性率为８１．０％。４２例癌旁组织有１２例检出端粒酶活性，阳性率为２８．６％。端粒酶活性与肿瘤大小、组织学分级及肿瘤转移无显著相关。结论 原发性肝癌组织端粒酶活性的检测对阐明原发性肝癌的发病机理，癌     

肺癌组织的粒酶活性表达及意义

应用ＰＣＲ－端粒重复旬扩增法（ＴＲＡＰ）检测３１例肺癌、４例癌旁及２６例肺良性肿瘤患者肿瘤组织的端粒酶活性表达。结果显示，肺癌组织中端粒酶生表达率为８０．６％（２５／３１）、癌旁组织无表达、肺良性肿瘤组织表达率为７．７％（２／２６）。端粒酶活性表达与肺癌分化程度呈负相关，与肺癌分期无关。有及无淋巴结锗 的端粒酶活性表达率有显著性差异。提示端粒酶在肺癌的发生、发展及转移过程中皆起重要作用；其在肺癌组     

胃癌端粒酶活性临床研究

本研究采用TRAP-银染色和PCR-ELISA二种方法检测端粒酶活性.研究中共对68例胃癌组织和68份相应的癌旁组织,25例胃溃疡组织、3份肿瘤细胞克隆株进行了检测,胃癌组织端粒酶阳性率为86.8%(59/68),明显高于癌旁组织7.3%(5/68)和胃溃疡组织4%(1/25)(P<0.01).肿瘤细胞克隆株阳性率为100%(3/3).结果显示,端粒酶活性增高,与胃癌的发生发展相关,可作为胃癌标志物用于临床诊断.     

肺癌组织的端粒酶活性表达及意义

应用ＰＣＲ－端粒重复序列扩增法（ＴＲＡＰ）检测３１例肺癌、４例癌旁及２６例肺良性肿瘤患者肿瘤组织的端粒酶活性表达。结果显示，肺癌组织中端粒酶活性表达率为８０．６％（２５／３１）、癌旁组织无表达、肺良性肿瘤组织表达率为７．７％（２／２６）。端粒酶活性表达与肺癌分化程度呈负相关，与肺癌分期无关。有及无淋巴结转移者的端粒酶活性表达率有显著性差异。提示端粒酶在肺癌的发生、发展及转移过程中皆起重要作用；其在肺癌组织中的高表达有望成为肺癌诊断、鉴别诊断的一项强有力的生物学指标。     

大肠癌组织中表皮生长因子及受体的检测

本文应用免疫组化ABC法检测52例大肠癌和18例正常结肠组织中表皮生长因子（EGF）和表皮生长因子受体（EGF－R）的表达状况。正常组织中EGF阳性率22．2％，EGF－R阳性率16．7％，大肠癌EGF阳性率67．3％，EGF－R阳性率61．5％，二者均明显高于正常对照组织，（P＜0．05）。EGF和EGF－R阳性率与患者年龄，性别及肿瘤部位无明显相关，但随着肿瘤浸润度的加深，EGF与EGF－R的阳性率逐渐增高，有淋巴结转移者二者阳性率高于淋转阴性者，特别是EGF与EGF－R双阳者中有82．6％为进展期大肠癌，另发现低分化大肠癌中EGF和EGF－R阳性率明显低于中高分化癌。本文结果提示：部分大肠癌存在EGF或EGF－R的过度表达；EGF与EGF－R的过度表达与肿瘤润度及淋巴转移有关，其检测可作为诊断肿瘤恶性程度的一项辅助指标，部分正常大肠粘膜组织中也有少量EGF或EGF－R表达。     

食管拉网细胞端粒酶活性检测及临床应用研究

目的检测食管拉网细胞中端粒酶活性,探讨其在食管癌诊断及预后评判中的临床应用价值.方法30例食管拉网细胞标本均取自本院1998-09/1998-12住院患者.采用双腔网囊食管细胞采取器,收集脱落细胞,一部分做涂片固定,巴士染色细胞学诊断,另一部分细胞于PBS缓冲液中离心弃上清液,采用PCR-端粒重复序列扩增法检测端粒酶活性,检测时以肿瘤细胞K562作阳性对照,裂解缓冲液为阴性对照.30例食管癌患者均经手术后病理学证实.同时术后检测30例食管癌癌组织的端粒酶活性和14例癌旁正常食管粘膜组织的端粒酶活性.结果30例食管拉网标本中端粒酶活性阳性率为83.3%(25/30),相应癌组织的阳性率为96.7%(29/30).14例癌旁正常粘膜组织的阳性率为14.3%(2/14).食管拉网细胞学、癌组织与癌旁正常粘膜组织相比较,其端粒酶活性阳性率具有显著性差异(P<0.005).本组标本共30例,细胞学检查阳性18例,可疑阳性4例,阳性率为73.3%,小于食管拉网细胞学端粒酶活性检测的阳性率(83.3%),经统计学处理,两者之间无显著相关性(P<0.05).另外研究结果证实,食管拉网细胞端粒酶活性检测与各病理因素之间无差异.结论食管拉网细胞端粒酶活性检测结合细胞学检查将有助于食管癌的早期诊断.     

大肠癌组织端粒酶活性的检测及其意义

目的探讨端粒酶活化在大肠癌发生及发展中的作用。方法采用ＰＣＲ为基础的ＴＲＡＰ技术对３２例大肠癌的手术切除标本及４例大肠腺瘤组织的端粒酶活性进行检测。结果３２例大肠癌患者组织有２５例检出端粒酶活性，阳性率为７８１％。２例绒毛状腺瘤检出端粒酶活性，２例管状腺瘤为阴性。端粒酶活化与肿瘤部位、大小、组织学分级、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及Ｄｕｋｅ分期无显著相关。结论检测大肠癌组织端粒酶活性对阐明大肠癌的发病机制、癌变危险性的预测及早期诊断均可能有重要意义。     

癌性胸水细胞端粒酶活性的检测意义

目的：研究癌性胸水细胞端粒酶活性的检测意义。方法：采用端粒重复序列扩增－核酸杂交分析法检测癌性胸水细胞端粒酶活性，并将检测结果与细胞学诊断进行比较。结果：49例诊断明确的癌性胸水细胞样本中23例细胞学阳性胸水有20例端粒酶阳性，5例细胞学可疑胸水有4例端粒酶阳性，21例细胞学阴性有14例端粒酶阳性。细胞学诊断和端粒酶检测总阳性率分别为46．9％（23／49）和77．6％（38／49），二联合检测率为83．7％（41／49）。结论：胸水细胞端粒酶活性的检测有助于癌性胸水的诊断，弥补胸水细胞学诊断的不足。     

癌细胞端粒酶活性、DNA含量和Ki-67表达与肝细胞肝癌转移和复发的关系

为探讨端粒酶活性、DNA倍体和Ki－67基因在肝细胞性肝癌（HCC）中的表达及其相互关系，以及对肝癌转移和预后的影响，用TRAP法检测了34例HCC及15例肝硬化（门脉高压）患者肝组织端粒酶活性；用流式细胞计检测DNA倍体和Ki-67阳性细胞。结果显示，34例HCC中29例端粒酶活性，15例肝硬化中2例阳性，HCC二倍体肿瘤23例，异倍体肿瘤11例；端粒酶阳性表达和异倍体肿瘤与HCC肝内转移和门静脉癌栓明显相关（P＜0．05），而与肿瘤大小、AFP水平、有无乙型肝炎（HBV感染）及分化程度无关；Ki－67抗原在HCC中呈现高表达,与肝硬化组织相比差异显著（P＜0．01），Ki－67表达和端粒酶活性与肝内转移等因素的关系极为相似。提示大多数HCC和个别肝硬化组织端粒酶活性呈现阳性；Ki－67在HCC中呈现高表达；端粒酶活性、Ki－67基因和DNA倍体可能在肿瘤发生、转移及预后中起重要作用，尤其前者可作为临床诊断、病情恶性程度及预后判断的标记物。     

肺癌组织端粒酶活性测定的临床意义

目的：探讨端粒酶活性与肺癌的关系。方法：采用以聚合酶链反应（PCR）为基础的端粒重复序列扩增法（TRAP），结合聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳银染法检测经纤支气管镜取出的35例肺癌患者肺癌组织和相应健侧肺支气管粘膜及35例支气管－肺良性疾病患者支气管粘膜的端粒酶活性。结果：（1）肺癌组肺癌组织活检标本端粒酶阳性33例（94％），毛刷标本阳性32例（91％），其相应健侧肺活检标本阳性2例（5．7％），毛刷标本阳性4例（11％）；（2）支气管－肺良性疾病患者活检阳性0例（0％），毛刷阳性2例（5．7％）；（3）肺癌组织端粒酶活性与肺癌组织学类型和临床分期无明显关系（P＞0．05）。结论：端粒酶活性与肺癌密切相关，可作为检测肺组织癌的一种辅助手段。     

Trypsin activity

A normal serum amylase level is found in up to 32% of patients with acute alcoholic pancreatitis. This underlines the need for more sensitive diagnostic tests in this frequent cause of pancreatitis. Animal and human studies have shown that chronic alcohol consumption leads to important modifications in trypsinogen metabolism. The present work has prospectively analyzed admission serum trypsin activity with a new biochemical test and usual markers such as amylase, lipase, and immunoreactive trypsin in 32 attacks of acute pancreatitis. Seventeen were due to alcohol and 15 to other causes, including 11 with gallstone pancreatitis. High trypsin activity (median: 235 units/liter; range: 165–853) was found in all patients with acute alcoholic pancreatitis even when the amylase level was normal on admission (3/17: 18%). Trypsin activity did not differ between nonalcoholic pancreatitis (N=15): 84 units/liter (42–98), alcoholic controls (N=15): 77 units/liter (40–122), and healthy controls (N=62): 81 units/liter (15–143). The difference was not related to the severity of disease or circulating α₂-macroglobulin, α₁-protease inhibitor, or immunoreactive trypsinogen levels. Lipase/amylase ratio was less discriminant than trypsin activity between alcoholic and nonalcoholic diseases. We conclude that serum trypsin activity seems specific to acute alcoholic pancreatitis and should be included in new prospective studies assessing biochemical testing of alcohol-related pancreatic diseases.     

Physical activity

There are a total of 30 publications regarding the role physical exercise in primary prevention of coronary artery disease, nearly a quarter of a million patients have participated in these studies. The average observation time reaches 10 years. According to the guidelines of the ACC/AHA Task Force this is the basis for the evidence/recommendation class I. The benefit derived from this treatment considerably exceeds the risk; thus, there is no need for additional studies. A great number of population-based risk factors were evaluated; in several randomized studies and meta-analyses concordant results were achieved with respect to direction and degree of the therapeutic effect (Level B).     

Neuropeptidergic mediators of spontaneous physical activity and non-exercise activity thermogenesis

Lean individuals have high levels of spontaneous physical activity (SPA) and the energy expenditure derived from that activity, termed non-exercise activity thermogenesis or NEAT, appears to protect them from obesity. Conversely, obesity in different human populations is characterized by low levels of SPA and NEAT. Like in humans, elevated SPA in rats appears to protect against obesity: obesity-resistant rats have significantly greater SPA and NEAT than obesity-prone rats. We review the literature on brain mechanisms important in mediating SPA and NEAT. The focus is on neuropeptides, including cholecystokinin, corticotropin-releasing hormone (also known as corticotropin-releasing factor), neuromedin U, neuropeptide Y, leptin, agouti-related protein, orexin-A (also known as hypocretin-1), and ghrelin. We also review information regarding interactions between these neuropeptides and dopamine, a neurotransmitter important in mediating motor function. Finally, we present evidence that elevated signaling of pathways mediating SPA and NEAT may protect against weight gain and obesity.     

Lifestyle physical activity

Conclusion The concept of lifestyle physical activity arose from reassessment of epidemiologic evidence on physical activity and health and the development of new public health recommendations for physical activity. The research base on lifestyle physical activity remains limited, but studies to date have been consistent and of     

DNA-relaxing activity and endonuclease activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes.

Complex simian virus 40 DNA produced by a soluble cell-free extract derived from stage 6 oocytes of Xenopus laevis consists of fully relaxed circles (i.e., with no superhelical turns). An endonuclease and a DNA-relaxing protein, either or both of which could be responsible for the relaxation of the complex DNA, have been purified from the extract. The endonuclease(s) produces nicked circles (having a single-strand scission) and linear full-size molecules. The DNA-relaxing protein is in the nucleus, has a molecular weight of apporximately 70,000, and is able to remove both negative and positive superhelical turns.     

Glucagon degrading activity

To evaluate the effect of glucagon degrading activity (GDA) on radioimmunoassay (RIA) of glucagon, I measured GDAs in plasma, serum, lysed red blood cells (RBC), and suspension of mononuclear cells and granulocytes. Serum levels of GDA in patients with various diseases were also examined. 1. Serum GDA values in normal subjects (control) measured by TCA precipitation method were 4.6 +/- 2.2% (mean +/- S.D.). GDA values in plasma treated with citrate and those in serum treated with aprotinin were not different from those in nontreated serum. GDAs in plasma treated either with EDTA and aprotinin or with EDTA alone were significantly lower than those in control serum, but the values in plasma treated with heparin were markedly higher than those in control serum. 2. GDAs in RBC lysate and suspension of mononuclear cells and granulocytes remained low up to the concentration of 23 X 10(4) RBC/microliters and 5000 mononuclear cells or granulocytes/microliters, respectively. GDAs in RBC lysate and mononuclear cells were markedly suppressed by the treatment with EDTA, whereas GDAs in granulocytes were inhibited by the treatment with aprotinin. 3. Markedly high values of GDA were obtained in serum of patients with pancreas diseases, liver diseases, renal diseases and hyperthyroidism. However, in four patients these elevated levels were restored to normal value after recovery from these disorders. The elevated GDA values in serum were suppressed to normal value by the addition of EDTA and aprotinin. 4. On Bio-Gel P-6 column chromatography, 125I-glucagon incubated with patient serum containing high GDA values revealed several peaks eluted after 125I-glucagon. 5. In healthy subjects, immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) levels in nontreated serum were not different from those in plasma treated either with EDTA and aprotinin or with heparin. 6. In patients showing high serum GDA levels, serum GDA levels were not significantly related to IRG levels in plasma treated with EDTA and aprotinin. These results indicate that a series of treatment of blood samples before assay: addition of EDTA and aprotinin to the blood samples, immediate separation of plasma from blood cells, and storage at 4 degrees C is recommended to avoid breakdown of glucagon by GDAs.