Pueraria thunbergiana inhibits cisplatin‐induced damage of HEI‐OC1 auditory cells through scavenging free radicals

The radix of Pueraria thunbergiana (P. thunbergiana) is traditionally prescribed to attenuate the clinical manifestation of inner ear dysfunction and various clinical situations including fevers, gastrointestinal disorders, skin problems, migraine headaches, lowering cholesterol, and treating chronic alcoholism in oriental medicine. In the present study, we examined the protective effect of ethanol extract of the radix of P. thunbergiana (RPT) on cisplatin‐induced damage of HEI‐OC1 auditory hair cells. When the cells were cultured in the medium containing 5–100 μg/mL of RPT, RPT showed protective effect against the cisplatin‐induced HEI‐OC1 cell damage. We also measured the effects of RPT on lipid peroxidation of cisplatin‐treated cells as well as scavenging activities against superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radical. RPT reduced cisplatin‐induced lipid peroxidation in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, RPT showed strong scavenging activity against superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radical. These results indicate that RPT protects cisplatin‐induced HEI‐OC1 cell damage through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and scavenging activities of free radials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

马齿苋总黄酮对氧自由基引发人红细胞膜损伤的保护作用

 目的研究马齿苋总黄酮对超氧阴离子(O₂^-)引发的人红细胞膜氧化损伤的保护作用。方法 采用邻苯三酚自氧化产生的O₂^-引发人红细胞膜氧化损伤模型,研究马齿苋总黄酮对红细胞膜氧化损伤的影响。结果O₂^-能引起红细胞膜脂质过氧化,丙二醛(MDA)含量、自氧化速率显著增加,膜脂流动性及膜封闭度下降。而红细胞膜经一定量马齿苋总黄酮(60,120,240,480μg·mL^-1)预先处理后,膜MDA含量明显减少,自氧化速率明显降低,膜脂流动性和膜封闭度显著增高。结论马齿苋对氧自由基引发的人红细胞膜氧化损伤有一定的保护作用。     

槲皮素对脑组织受自由基损伤的保护作用

目的：研究槲皮素（quercetin,Que）对脑组织受自由基损伤的保护作用。方法：采用Fenton反应诱导大鼠脑组织匀浆的脂质过氧化模型和结扎小鼠大脑中动脉（MCAO）致脑梗塞模型;分别测定了槲皮素在这两种体内外脑组织模型中的抗氧化作用。结果：在体外,槲皮素可剂量依赖性地抑制Fenton反应导致的脑组织匀浆中过氧化脂质（LPO）的生成,其IC50为1.7×10-4mol/L。在体内,腹腔注射20mg/kg的槲皮素可有效改善MCAO小鼠的运动功能障碍（P〈0.01）,缩小脑梗塞范围（抑制率为24%,P〈0.01）,减少脑组织中LPO的生成（P〈0.01）及提高SOD和GSH-PX的活性（P〈0.05）。结论：槲皮素对体内外的脑组织有一定程度的抗氧化作用。     

地黄饮片HPCE指纹图谱研究

目的:建立地黄饮片HPCE指纹图谱分析方法,并对地黄及其炮制品的指纹谱进行比较。方法:采用高效毛细管电泳法进行色谱分离,以60 mmol/L硼砂(5%甲醇,pH 9.5)为运行缓冲液,分离电压为20 kV,波长为210 nm,以梓醇为参照物,测定其指纹图谱,并作模糊聚类法分析和相似度评价。结果:初步建立了以7个共有峰为特征指纹信息的地黄饮片HPCE指纹图谱;发现少数地黄饮片的指纹图谱有一定差异,生品与其炮制品的指纹谱中共有峰相对峰面积差异显著。结论:方法准确可靠,重现性好,可作为地黄饮片内在质量评价的依据。     

地黄脱毒技术研究

从地黄种茎育出的无菌幼苗上切取下的茎尖,用组织培养方法可诱导成去病毒幼苗。本试验还研究出适宜地黄茎段苗消毒的消毒剂为0.05％HgCl_2。适宜于茎段苗生长的MS培养基的琼脂浓度为0.7％,pH为7。诱导茎尖成苗的培养基为MS 6-BA 0.5 mg/L。繁殖脱毒苗所用的MS培养基为1/4大量元素 1/2微量元素,并用1/2食用白砂糖代替蔗糖,可使快繁成本降低48.7％。     

地黄多糖对局灶性脑缺血小鼠线粒体过氧化损伤的影响

目的:研究地黄多糖对小鼠局灶性脑缺血的保护作用及脑缺血后小鼠线粒体过氧化损伤的影响。方法:采用线栓法复制小鼠局灶性大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型,将小鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、尼莫地平组,地黄多糖5、10、20mg/kg组;各组于造模后立即腹腔注射给药,考察各组小鼠神经功能评分,感觉功能评价,脑梗死体积,脑含水量,测定MCAO小鼠大脑缺血区细胞线粒体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及Na+-K+-ATPase及Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase的活性。结果:与假手术比较,模型组极显著增高MCAO小鼠神经功能评分、前肢踩空次数、脑含水量、脑指数及脑缺血体积;极显著降低缺血区线粒体内SOD、Na+-K+-ATPase和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase的活性;极显著增加缺血区线粒体内MDA的含量。与模型组比较,地黄多糖5、10、20mg/kg组,均能不同程度降低MCAO小鼠神经功能评分、前肢踩空试验脑含水量、脑指数及脑缺血体积,以20mg/kg作用极显著;地黄多糖20mg/kg能极显著增强缺血区线粒体内SOD、Na+-K+-ATPase和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase的活性,极显著降低缺血区线粒体内MDA的含量。结论:地黄多糖能明显改善脑缺血后细胞能量代谢障碍、增强脑细胞抗氧化能力,对局灶性脑缺血小鼠具有明显保护作用。     

地黄对人肺泡上皮细胞间质转化的抑制作用

目的:探讨地黄(环烯醚萜类苷、低聚糖和多糖提取物按照一定比例形成的组合物)对人肺泡上皮细胞间质转化的影响和机制。方法:MTT法分析地黄对A549细胞增殖的影响。TGF-β1诱导A549肺泡上皮细胞的间质转化并进行不同剂量的地黄干预;圆形度定量法和免疫细胞化学法分析细胞形态和细胞E-cad、FN、Collagen-I和α-SMA蛋白的表达;双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞分泌MMP-9和TIMP-1水平。结果:地黄对A549细胞增殖的抑制作用随着剂量的增加而增强,200μg/ml剂量显著抑制细胞增殖(P0.01)。与正常组比较,TGF-β1组圆形度和E-cad表达显著降低,α-SMA、FN和Collagen-I表达显著升高,MMP-9和TIMP-1分泌量显著增加(P0.01)。与TGF-β1组比较,50μg/ml、100μg/ml组的圆形度和E-cad表达显著升高,α-SMA表达显著降低;地黄对FN、Collagen-I的表达和MMP-9分泌量没有显著的影响;25μg/ml、50μg/ml、100μg/ml组TIMP-1分泌量显著增加。结论:地黄能有效抑制A549人肺泡上皮细胞的上皮间质转化,作用机制涉及TGF-β1信号转导通路,尚有抑制MMP-9降解细胞外基质的作用。     

Protective effect of Korean red ginseng extract on cisplatin ototoxicity in HEI‐OC1 auditory cells

Ginseng extract is known to have many beneficial effects, including the reversal of pathological and physiological changes induced by ischemia, stress, and aging. Cisplatin, an effective antineoplastic drug, can cause irreversible sensorineural hearing loss and serious tinnitus in humans; thus cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity is a useful experimental model for ototoxicity. This study investigated the protective effects of Korean red ginseng extract on cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity in auditory cells. Pretreatment with 2.5 mg/mL of ginseng extract prior to application of 20 μm of cisplatin significantly increased cell viability after 48 h of incubation in auditory cells. Pretreatment with ginseng extract significantly attenuated the cisplatin‐induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ginseng extract also inhibited the expression of caspase‐3 and poly‐ADP‐ribose polymerase related to cisplatin‐induced apoptosis because a major mechanism of cisplatin‐induced toxicity involves ROS production. Thus, Korean red ginseng extract can play both an anti‐apoptotic and anti‐oxidative role on cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity in an auditory cell line. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地黄梓醇降糖作用的实验研究

目的 研究地黄梓醇对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响.方法雄性KM小鼠尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶60 mg/kg建立糖尿病动物模型.梓醇以200,100,50 mg/kg剂量灌胃给药2周,观察其对糖尿病小鼠血糖、血脂和糖耐量的影响.结果梓醇能明显降低四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平、改善糖耐量和血脂水平,并且呈剂量依赖关系.结论地黄梓醇对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠有显著的降血糖作用.     

栽培技术对地黄药材质量及显微结构的影响研究概况

本文通过对近几年的相关文献进行整理,总结了种质、产地、栽培措施、采收加工等栽培技术对地黄药材质量及显微结构的影响,以期为进一步研究地黄的高产优质栽培以及现代种植提供参考。     

不同炮制工艺熟地黄多糖单糖分析及其对卵巢颗粒细胞的影响

目的研究九蒸九晒、九蒸九烘、现代法炮制熟地黄及生地黄多糖的单糖组成、及其对大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞增殖活性的影响。方法通过水提醇沉、活性炭除色素、TCA法脱蛋白、无水乙醚和丙酮除小分子化合物后获取多糖,采用苯酚-硫酸法测定总多糖含有量;用4 mol/L三氟乙酸水解多糖,加盐酸羟胺进行衍生化反应,采用气相色谱法对其单糖组成进行分析,MTT法检测各组分多糖作用于大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞24 h的增殖情况。结果九蒸九晒熟地黄的多糖含有量最多,达1.625%,九蒸九烘熟地黄多糖含有量最少,只占0.949%;4种炮制工艺地黄多糖中均含有阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖及半乳糖醛酸,除生地黄多糖外其余熟地黄多糖还含有鼠李糖;不同质量浓度多糖溶液对卵巢颗粒细胞均有一定的促进作用,质量浓度150μg/mL时对卵巢颗粒细胞增殖效果最显著。结论该方法简便、准确、快速,可用于熟地黄的质量控制,对卵巢颗粒细胞有增殖效果。     

用化学发光法检测芦丁等物质清除超氧阴离子自由基的作用

 目的:考察茶叶、野菊花、山植、芦丁对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用。方法:以黄嘌呤-黄喋呤氧化酶-鲁米诺体系作为超氧阴离子的产生体系，以化学发光的降低作为检测活力的指标。结果:茶叶、野菊花、山楂、芦丁都表 现出对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用，其活力与黄酮含量有关。结论:黄酮类化合物对超氧阴离子自由基的清除是有效的。     

姜黄素灌胃对顺铂所致小鼠肝损伤的防护效应

目的探讨姜黄素对顺铂所致小鼠肝损伤的防护效应。方法 30只SD雄性小鼠被随机分为对照组、顺铂组、联合用药组3组。顺铂组给予顺铂腹腔注射;联合用药组先给予姜黄素液灌胃10 d,而后给予顺铂腹腔注射。末次注射24 h后,检测各组小鼠肝/体质量比,血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和肝匀浆中的琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、Na+,K+-ATP酶活性,并观察比较肝组织的形态学变化。结果顺铂组小鼠血清中ALT和AST活性显著增高;肝匀浆中的SDH和Na+,K+-ATP酶活性明显降低,肝细胞呈现气球样变。联合用药组小鼠注射顺铂后上述变化均明显减轻(P0.01或P0.05)。结论口服姜黄素对顺铂所致小鼠肝损伤有防护效应。     

Bioassay-guided isolation of norviburtinal from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa, exhibited angiogenesis effect in zebrafish embryo model

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The root of Rehmannia glutinosa (RR) is commonly used as a wound-healing agent in various traditional Chinese herbal formulae; while angiogenesis is one of the crucial aspects in wound-healing.

Aim of the study

The objective of the present study was to investigate the angiogenesis effects of RR aqueous crude extract and its active component(s) using zebrafish model.

Materials and methods

The in vivo angiogenesis effect was studied using transgenic TG(fli1:EGFP)^y1/+(AB) zebrafish embryos by observing the capillary sprouts formation in sub-intestinal vessel (SIV) of zebrafish embryos after 72 h post-fertilization under fluorescence microscopy.

Results

Our results indicated that RR aqueous crude extract (250 μg/ml) exhibited significant angiogenesis effect, with an increase in capillary sprouts formation in SIV. Following sequential solvent partition of the RR aqueous crude extract with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol successively, the dichloromethane fraction (DCM) was found to have the most sprouts formation in the SIV region. Subjected to column chromatography, DCM fraction was further fractionated into six sub-fractions and among these tested, the sub-fraction C2 exhibited the most potent angiogenesis effect. The major component, C2A, was isolated and identified as norviburtinal using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). The compound norviburtinal (at 50 μg/ml) was shown to possess significant angiogenesis effect in zebrafish model (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Norviburtinal was, for the first time, found in the extract of RR and possessed novel angiogenesis effect. Bioassay-guided fractionation suggested that norviburtinal was not the only active component responsible for the angiogenesis effect of RR.     

西红花苷对血管内皮细胞的保护作用研究

目的 研究西红花苷对过氧化氢所致牛内皮细胞（BAEC）损伤的保护作用，并初步探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 利用过氧化氢刺激BAEC，观察了西红苷对细胞培养液内MDA、SOD、LDH含量或活性的影响，并对细胞进行流式细胞分析和细胞内钙测定，观察了该药对细胞凋亡及胞内钙的影响。结果 西红花苷可剂量依赖性的减少MDA生成，提高SOD活性，阻止LDH的外漏，还能抑制过氧化氢所致细胞内钙升高，减少细胞凋亡百分率。结论 西红花苷对过氧化氢所致BAEC损伤有保护作用，其作用机制可能与其拮抗细胞内钙有关，值得在临床上推广应用治疗心血管疾病。     

Hepatoprotective effect of New Livfit, a polyherbal formulation, is mediated through its free radical scavenging activity

The effect of New Livfit, a polyherbal formulation, was studied on pyrogallol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Administration of pyrogallol 100 mg/kg, i.p. caused a significant increase in liver enzymes as well as a significant increase in lipid peroxidation. Simultaneous administration of oral New Livfit and pyrogallol prevented these changes in hepatic damage. The results of the study showed that New Liv fi t(R) exerted a hepatoprotective effect against pyrogallol induced liver toxicity, which was mediated through its free radical scavenging property.     

Protective effect of Khamira Abresham Uood Mastagiwala against free radical induced damage in focal cerebral ischemia

The effect of Khamira Abresham Uood Mastagiwala (KAUM) (a preparation of Indian System of Unani Medicine) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and the content of glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was studied in the middle cerebral artery occluded (MCAO) rats after 15 days pretreatment (200 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.), orally) of Khamira Abresham Uood Mastagiwala. The rats were trained and assessed for neurobehavioral activity using Cook's climbing pole. The middle cerebral artery of adult male Wistar rats was occluded for 2 h and reperfused for 22 h. The activity of GPx, GST, GR, catalase and content of GSH was decreased significantly in MCAO group as compared with sham. The rats of MCAO + KAUM group have shown a significant protection in the activity of above-mentioned antioxidant enzymes and content of glutathione when compared with MCAO group. The significantly elevated level of TBARS in MCAO group was depleted significantly by the pretreatment of animals with KAUM in MCAO group. The neurobehavioral assessment has also strengthened the above biochemical data thereby indicating that the therapeutic intervention of KAUM, which is a potent cardiac and melancholic tonic, can be used to prevent or reduce the deterioration caused by free radicals thereby preventing subsequent pathological and biochemical changes which occur during cerebral ischemia.     

龙胆泻肝汤对氧自由基和由羟自由基诱导的脂质过氧化的影响

目的 探讨龙胆泻肝汤对氧自由基和由羟自由基诱导的批质过氧化的影响。方法 用邻苯三酚自氧化反应产生超氧阴离子自由基和Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ反应产生羟自由基,收羟自由基诱导大鼠虹膜睫状体组织匀浆的脂质过氧化反应。结果 龙胆泻肝汤对超氧阴离子自由基具有清除作用,并优于抗坏血酸;对羟自由基具有清除作用,对羟自由基诱导的批质过氧化具有抑制作用并强于甘露醇。结论 龙胆泻肝汤泻肝胆实火,清下焦湿热的机理可能与其清除氧自由     

黄芪对氧自由基致肺损伤的保护作用

目的　研究黄芪对氧自由基所致肺损伤的保护作用。方法　建立氧自由基所致肺损伤动物模型 ,观察预用黄芪和不预用黄芪情况下动物模型血浆中丙二醛 (MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF -α)及肺组织中细胞间黏附分子 - 1(ICAM - 1)表达的变化。结果氧自由基所致肺损伤后血浆中MDA ,NO和TNF -α浓度随时间逐渐升高 ,2 4h时达到高峰 ,ICAM - 1表达也增强。用药组各时相点测定值明显低于对应对照组的值。结论　黄芪可有效地减轻氧自由基造成的肺损伤