Ozone toxicity symptoms among flight attendants

Because of persistent complaints of ozone-toxicity type symptoms among crew members of commercial airlines, we undertook a survey to determine the extent of the problem and the associated flight factors. Self-reported questionnaires and flight diaries were completed by 1,330 flight attendants, (FAs) working for three different airlines. Ozone-toxicity type symptoms were reported three or four times more frequently by FAs with airlines flying at high altitudes than by those with low-flying airlines. When examined by characteristics of flights, the ozone-toxicity type symptoms were significantly associated with flight altitude, duration and type of aircraft, but not with years worked, sex, medical history, or home residence. Other symptoms indicative of fatigue or stress were mainly associated with flight duration. While these indirect data cannot implicate ozone specifically, they offer evidence that ozone-related health problems do exist among a large proportion of FAs.     

大学生自我和谐、心理健康与自杀意念关系

目的了解大学生自杀意念特点,探讨大学生自我和谐、心理健康与自杀意念的关系,为自杀预防与干预提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,运用自我和谐量表(SCCS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)调查6所高校768名在校学生自我和谐、心理健康及自杀意念情况。结果13.2%的大学生有自杀意念,男生自杀意念为14.0%,高于女生的12.6%;理科学生为16.2%,高于文科学生的10.4%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);有自杀意念组大学生自我和谐及心理健康水平(100.11±9.26),(211.30±52.40)低于无自杀意念组大学生(90.34±12.14),(143.28±34.59),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);多元逐步回归分析显示,躯体化、抑郁、自我与经验不和谐、自我灵活性、强迫症状和恐怖因子对自杀意念有明显预测作用。结论通过提高心理健康水平和自我和谐可以降低大学生自杀意念。     

监狱女警察心理健康与应对方式关系

目的 探讨监狱女警察(简称女警)心理健康与应对方式的关系.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和应对方式问卷对128名监狱女警进行调查.结果 监狱女警躯体化(1.68±0.04)、强迫症状(1.91±0.05)、抑郁(1.77±0.05)、焦虑(1.60±0.04)、敌对(1.68±0.05)、恐怖(1.32±0.02)、精神病性(1.47±0.03)和其他(1.76±0.05)得分均高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);自责、幻想、退避3种应对方式与SCL-90各因子均呈正相关(P<0.01),合理化与强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执呈正相关(P<0.01或P<0.05),解决问题与强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对、偏执、精神病性呈负相关(P<0.01或P<0.05),求助与偏执呈负相关(P<0.01).结论 监狱女警的心理健康水平低于全国成人常模,成熟型的应对方式有利于维护心理健康.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下护士心理健康与领悟社会支持和应对方式的相关性分析

目的 调查新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)疫情下护理人员的心理健康状况,分析心理健康与领悟社会支持和应对方式之间的关系。 方法 采用一般人口学资料调查表、简易心理状况评定量表、领悟社会支持量表以及简易应对方式量表对新型冠状病毒肺炎某三甲定点收治医院的845例护士进行调查分析。 结果 疫情期间845例护理人员的心理健康得分为(19.4±7.6)分,超过1/3的护士心理状况差。与年龄≥41岁的护理人员相比,年龄在31~35岁的护理人员心理状况差的检出率更高;本科及以上学历、高危环境工作、亲友当中有或不确定是否有疑似或确诊患者、不确定是否接触疑似或确诊患者的护理人员心理状况差的检出率更高;工作≥16年、自身健康状况评价好、对医院职业安全防护评价非常完善的护理人员心理状况差的检出率更低。护理人员心理健康总分与朋友支持、家庭支持、其他支持及积极应对方式得分呈负相关(r=-0.30、-0.31、-0.31、-0.38,均 P<0.01),与消极应对方式呈正相关(r=0.28,P<0.01);积极应对方式、消极应对方式在领悟社会支持和心理健康之间有部分中介作用,分别占总效应的37.1%和8.6%。 结论 疫情期间护理人员的心理健康状况不容乐观,领悟社会支持对心理健康有直接和间接的预测作用,应对方式在领悟社会支持和心理健康之间有部分中介作用。     

Frequency of visits to a health care provider,health promoting behaviors,and perceived health status among African American women

The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether the self-reported number of health care visits over a 1-year period was associated with engagement in health promoting behaviors (i.e., healthy eating and physical activity) and perceived health status among a cross-sectional sample of African American women who were pre-hypertensive/hypertensive and/or overweight or obese (N = 180). The study participants were recruited in predominantly African American churches and had their data collected in April and May of 2009. Age, income, and education were also examined as moderators in the aforementioned relationships. Results revealed that the self-reported number of health care visits was significantly positively associated with healthy eating and perceived health status. Income moderated the relationship between self-reported number of health care visits and engagement in healthy eating. These results provide support for health promotion programs for African American women with program components that explain the relationships among routine care from a health care provider, engagement in health promoting behaviors, and prevention of chronic health conditions.     

卫生监督人员心理健康影响因素分析

目的 了解卫生监督人员心理健康状况并对其影响因素进行分析。方法 于2013年12月-2014年3月采用分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取黑龙江省194名卫生监督人员,采用心理健康状况问卷(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和明尼苏达工作满意度问卷(MSQ)进行调查。结果 28.35% 的卫生监督人员存在不同程度的心理问题,其中强迫因子有症状者检出率最高,为20.62%,敌意、抑郁均为11.86%,躯体化、人际敏感均为10.82%;而偏执因子中度及以上症状者检出率最高,为3.09%;对有症状组和无症状组卫生监督人员人格得分进行比较,结果显示,有症状组在神经质和精神质得分均高于无症状组(P<0.05),2组内外向得分差异无统计学意义;卫生监督人员整体工作满意度平均分为(3.545±0.582)分,内在满意度为(3.625±0.559)分,外在满意度为(3.423±0.675)分;多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,卫生监督人员心理健康的主要影响因素为工作整体满意度、神经质和内外向。结论 卫生监督人员的工作整体满意度越高、人格越外向、神经质得分越低,心理越健康。     

社区心理卫生服务人员心理疾病识别能力分析

目的 了解社区心理卫生服务人员对常见心理疾病的识别能力。方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取北京市朝阳区、哈尔滨市南岗区和克拉玛依市克拉玛依区的165名心理卫生服务人员进行问卷调查。结果 北京市朝阳区心理卫生服务人员对抑郁症的正确识别率为79.6%（39/49）,高于克拉玛依市的43.6%（24/55）和哈尔滨市的60.7%（37/61）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;对焦虑症的正确识别率为77.6%（38/49）,高于克拉玛依市的25.5%（14/55）和哈尔滨市的16.4%（10/61）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）;对精神分裂症的正确识别率为93.9%（46/49）,高于哈尔滨市的50.8%（31/61）和克拉玛依市的43.6%（24/55）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）;对躁狂症的正确识别率为77.6%（38/49）,高于哈尔滨市的45.9%（28/61）和克拉玛依市的47.3%（26/55）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）;对强迫症的正确识别率北京市为98.0%（48/49）,哈尔滨市为47.5%（29/61）,克拉玛依市为65.5%（36/55）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 3个地区社区心理卫生服务人员对心理疾病的识别能力有待提高,应进一步提高服务人员的理论知识和业务水平。     

The relationship between stressors and mental health among Japanese middle-aged women in urban areas

ABSTRACT

In middle age, some people may become mentally or emotionally unstable. Additionally, in Japan, mood disorders, such as depressive symptoms, occur mostly among middle-aged women (i.e., aged 40–49 years). However, few studies have examined stressors related to mental health. In the present study, we developed a stressor scale for middle-aged women and examined stressors correlated with middle-aged women’s mental health. In January 2015, an anonymous, self-administered survey was mailed to 1,000 randomly selected women aged 45 through 64 years living in Tokyo, Japan. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 329 women (32.9 percent). Factor analysis identified the following stressor categories: “relationship with my husband,” “uneasiness about old age,” “health concerns,” “work-life balance,” and “relationship with my friends.” “Uneasiness about old age” and “health concerns” were correlated negatively with participants’ mental health. Improving middle-aged women’s health requires interventions that relieve stressors resulting from age-related problems and promote a positive image of old age.     

农村居民自感健康状况及影响因素分析

目的了解15岁~农村居民自感健康状况及其影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取样本,利用自制调查问卷和Kessler10量表进行访谈式调查。结果不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况以及受教育程度人群之间,其自感健康状况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);自感健康与客观健康、心理健康状况相一致,且受性格类型等心理自评状况的影响。结论自感健康状况受性别、年龄、婚姻状况及教育程度影响,应加强心理卫生保健,提高农村居民健康水平和生活质量。     

Pesticide illness among flight attendants due to aircraft disinsection

BACKGROUND: Aircraft "disinsection" is the application of pesticides inside an aircraft to kill insects that may be on board. Over a 1-year period, California's tracking system received 17 reports of illness involving flight attendants exposed to pesticides following disinsection. METHODS: Interviews, work process observations, and a records review were conducted. Illness reports were evaluated according to the case definition established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. RESULTS: Twelve cases met the definition for work-related pesticide illness. Eleven cases were attributed to the "Residual" method of disinsection, i.e., application of a solution of permethrin (2.2% w/w), solvents (0.8%), and a surfactant (1.4%); the method of disinsection could not be determined for one case. CONCLUSIONS: The aerosol application of a pesticide in the confined space of an aircraft cabin poses a hazard to flight attendants. Nontoxic alternative methods, such as air curtains, should be used to minimize disease vector importation via aircraft cabins. Employers should mitigate flight attendant pesticide exposure in the interim.     

洛阳地区妊娠女性妊娠压力与心理健康及影响因素分析

目的调查并了解在妊娠期女性的心理健康与压力相关程度,分析和探讨其影响因素。方法选取河南科技大学第一附属医院孕期妇女到产科进行检查的符合排除和纳入标准的312名为研究对象,并采用妊娠压力量表以及症状自评量表进行问卷调查。结果孕妇的总体压力处于中等水平,得分为(1. 68±0. 43);其中"为确保母子健康和安全而引发的压力感"得分最高,为(2. 13±0. 70);不同文化程度在心理健康上差异有统计学意义(F=22. 105,P<0. 05),在压力上差异无统计学意义(F=1. 574,P>0. 05)、不同妊娠计划在压力和心理健康差异有统计学意义(t压力=3. 261,t心理健康=4. 065,P<0. 05),不同职业的孕妇在压力上差异无统计学意义(F=0. 769,P>0. 05),而在心理健康方面差异有统计学意义(F=2. 929,P<0. 05),是否接受试管婴儿对妊娠期女性妊娠压力和心理健康差异均无统计学意义(t压力=1. 364,t心理健康=0. 087,P>0. 05);孕妇的心理健康水平除了抑郁、偏执以及精神病这三项外(t=0. 567、0. 000、0. 295,P>0. 05),其余各项均值均显著高于中国常模(t=6. 160、2. 855、3. 683、3. 521、3. 122、4. 996,P<0. 05);压力的总均值以及各因子与心理健康的总均值以及各项目均值均呈现显著正相关(P<0. 05),即孕妇的压力越大,心理健康水平越低。结论洛阳地区妊娠压力水平处于中等水平,整体心理健康水平较差。多种因素都对妊娠压力水平对女性心理健康有显著影响,因此需要及时对孕妇进行压力评估和心理疏导,改善孕妇心理健康,使妊娠质量提高。     

暴力犯罪者人格及心理健康状况

目的了解暴力犯罪者的人格特征及心理健康状况, 为开展有针对性的狱内矫治工作提供依据。方法采用简单随机抽样的方法, 对某监狱的620名暴力犯罪者采用卡特尔16种人格因素(16PF)和90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行问卷调查。结果男性暴力犯罪者16PF各因子与全国男性常模相比, 除稳定性、敢为性、敏感性3个因子差异无统计学意义外, 乐群性(10.02±3.27)分、聪慧性(8.65±2.61)分、恃强性(12.77±3.60)分、兴奋性(12.39±4.40)分、有恒性(12.63±3.31)分、怀疑性(10.95±3.06)分、幻想性(10.89±3.51)分、世故性(9.66±2.75)分、忧虑性(8.53±3.64)分、实验性(10.50±2.91)分、独立性(12.95±3.34)分、自律性(12.16±3.58)分、紧张性(10.78±4.01)分, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);女性暴力犯罪者与全国女性成人常模比较, 除乐群性、稳定性、兴奋性、敏感性、幻想性、世故性6个因子差异无统计学意义外, 聪慧性(5.15±1.94)分、恃强性(13.01±3.21)分、有恒性(10.58±2.79)分、敢为性(13.22±3.24)分、怀疑性(9.52±2.68)分、忧虑性(12.21±3.03)分、实验性(9.81±2.59)分、独立性(10.73±3.10)分、自律性(10.75±3.01)分和紧张性(13.17±3.01)分, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同性别、文化程度、犯罪类型、刑期的暴力犯罪者16PF各因子差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);暴力犯罪者SCL-90各因子与全国常模相比, 躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性得分均高于中国常模(P<0.01);不同性别、犯罪类型、刑期的暴力犯罪者各因子得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论暴力犯罪者有典型的人格特征、他们的心理健康水平较差, 应引起监狱有关部门的关注。     

肺癌患者社会支持、心理适应与抑郁症状关系

目的探讨肺癌患者抑郁症状发生率及与领悟社会支持、心理适应的关系,了解患者心理健康状况,提出干预措施,促进患者身心康健。方法于2013年2月-2014年1月采用流调用抑郁自评问卷、领悟社会支持量表及简明癌症患者心理适应问卷对169例肺癌患者进行匿名调查。结果66.91%的肺癌患者存在抑郁症状;领悟社会支持、积极态度与肺癌患者的抑郁症状发生率呈负相关（β=-0.189,-0.194,P<0.05）,负面情绪与抑郁症状发生率呈正相关（β=0.526,P<0.05）,且心理适应在领悟社会支持和抑郁症状之间可能存在中介作用。结论肺癌患者抑郁症状发病率较高且抑郁症状较严重,应给予肺癌患者更多社会支持,从而帮助肺癌患者提高应对能力降低其抑郁水平。     

Examining differences in suicidality between and within mental health disorders and sexual identity among adults in the United States

BackgroundSuicide is a leading but preventable cause of death and is preceded by domains of thoughts, plans, and attempts. We assessed the prevalence of suicidality domains and determined the association of suicidality domains with sexual identity, mental health disorder symptoms, and sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsWe used the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data to perform weighted multivariable logistic regression and margins analyses to examine between and within-group differences in suicidality by sexual identity among adults aged ≥ 18 years.ResultsAbout 4.89%, 1.37%, and 0.56% of the population experienced suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts, respectively. Those aged 18–25 years old had a higher odds of suicidality compared to those aged 26 years or older. Compared to those who reported having no alcohol use dependence, illicit drug use dependence, and major depressive episodes (MDEs), those who reported alcohol use dependence, illicit drug use dependence, and MDE had higher odds of suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts. Between all sexual identity groups, bisexuals who experienced MDEs had the highest probability of having suicidal thoughts while lesbians and gays who experienced MDE showed a higher probability of suicidal plans and attempts compared to heterosexuals. Within each sexual identity group, the probability of having suicidal thoughts, suicidal plans, and suicidal attempts was higher for those who had experienced MDEs compared to those who had not experienced MDEs.ConclusionSubstance use disorder and MDE symptoms were associated with increased suicidality, especially among young adults and sexual minority people. This disparity underscores the need for tailored interventions and policies to enhance the provision of prompt mental health screening, diagnosis, and linkage to care for mental health services, particularly among the most vulnerable in the population.     

初中生心理健康状况及家庭影响因素分析

目的了解初中生心理健康状况及家庭影响因素,为心理健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用中国中学生心理健康量表、家庭亲子关系量表和自拟相关问题,对吉林省长春市2所中学538名初中生进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果（1）家庭经济水平低的学生更易产生敌对、人际关系紧张、抑郁、焦虑、学习压力、适应不良等不良状态;（2）离异家庭的学生更易产生偏执、敌对、人际关系紧张、抑郁、适应不良的心理问题;（3）心理健康水平与父母教养方式相关;（4）家长对孩子的态度对其心理健康影响最大,其次是家庭经济条件、父母之间的关系。结论家庭的主客观因素均对初中学生的心理健康水平及行为发展有影响,家庭因素在学生的心理健康教育中不容忽视。     

Body weight,perceived weight stigma and mental health among women at the intersection of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status: insights from the modified labelling approach

With increasing rates of obesity in the United States, attention to life chances and psychological consequences associated with weight stigma and weight‐based discrimination has also intensified. While research has demonstrated the negative effects of weight‐based discrimination on mental health, little is known about whether different social groups are disproportionately vulnerable to these experiences. Drawing on the modified labelling theory, the focus of this paper is to investigate the psychological correlates of body weight and self‐perceived weight‐based discrimination among American women at the intersection of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES). Analyses use data from the National Health Measurement Study (NHMS), a national multi‐stage probability sample of non‐institutional, English‐speaking adults, ages 35 to 89 in 2005–2006. Our findings demonstrate that the effect of weight‐based discrimination on psychological well‐being is highly contingent on social status. Specifically, the psychological consequences of discrimination on Hispanic women and women in the lowest household income group is significantly greater relative to White women and women with higher household income, controlling for obesity status and self‐rated health. These results suggest that higher social status has a buffering effect of weight stigma on psychological well‐being.     

高中生家庭环境与心理健康关系

目的探讨高中生家庭环境与心理健康的关系,为高中生心理健康教育提供依据。方法以家庭环境量表(FES-CV)和心理健康诊断测验(MHT)为工具,调查陕西省西安市3所中学的320名高中生,使用SPSS 11.5软件进行分析。结果高中生家庭环境亲密度、知识性、娱乐性、组织性、矛盾性与常模比较差异有统计学意义,亲密度和控制性性别差异有统计学意义,亲密度和矛盾性年级差异有统计学意义。高中生的学习焦虑、恐怖倾向和孤独倾向性别差异有统计学意义。亲密度、知识性、娱乐性、组织性与心理健康各维度存在多项显著负相关(r=-0.118~-0.326),矛盾性与心理健康各维度存在多项显著正相关(r=0.151~0.341,P<0.01)。家庭组织性、亲密度、娱乐性、矛盾性对心理健康具有显著预测作用(R²=0.225,0.179,0.339,0.279)。结论家庭环境对高中生的心理健康有明显影响。     

Risk factors of cyberbullying and its association with perceived health among Finnish adolescents

ABSTRACT

This study focused on the prevalence of cyberbullying dimensions (victims, bullies, seriousness of cyberbullying encountered) and its association with perceived health of Finnish adolescents.

A representative data sample of 12, 14, 16 and 18-year-old Finns from the Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey (AHLS) of the year 2015 were used. Participants responded to the survey via internet or paper questionnaire (n = 6698). Three dimensions of cyberbullyin,perceived health and health complaints (tension, irritation and headaches) were measured. Binary logistic regression was used to study the association of age and gender with cyberbullying and the association of perceived health with cyberbullying. Multinomial logistic regression was used to study the association of health complaints with cyberbullying. Odds ratio (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported as the measure of association.

Among the respondents, 12% were cyber victims, 8.2% cyberbullies and 4.4% encountered serious cyberbullying. Multivariable models, adjusted for family structure, father’s and mother’s education, indicated that girls were less likely to become cyberbullies (OR = 0.48, 95%, C.I. = 0.39–0.59), more likely to encounter serious cyberbullying (OR = 2.06, 95% C.I. = 1.47–2.87) and become cyber victims (OR = 1.27, 95%, C.I. = 1.04–1.56) compared to boys. Adolescents of age 12–14 years were more likely to become cyberbullies (OR = 1.22, 95%, C.I. = 1.00–1.48) and cyber victims (OR = 1.51, 95%, C.I. = 1.23–1.84) compared to 16–18 years. Moreover, poor perceived health and health complaints were associated with higher likelihood among girls, cyberbullies and cyber victims whereas, lesser likelihood among adolescents of 12–14 years compared to their respective reference groups.

Cyberbullying exists among Finnish adolescents. Age and gender were associated with cyberbullying activities and cyberbullying activities were associated with poor-perceived health and health complaints.