Roentgenographic features of acute nonobstructive appendicitis: A case report

We document a case of acute nonobstructive appendicitis and critically evaluate the pertinent literature. Although undoubtedly a rare entity, nonobstructive appendicitis may occur and should be differentiated from a normal appendix by barium enema examination. Mucosal and intramural inflammatory abnormalities are described which permit the diagnosis of nonobstructive appendicitis.     

Atypical presentation of COVID‐19 infection as acute abdomen in children: A case series

Abdominal pain in children in COVID‐19 era should be carefully evaluated and weighing risk‐benefit of surgical procedure in suspected cases should be more discussed. Surgery in patients with high suspicious to MIS‐C should be delayed for preventing critical outcomes.     

急性阑尾炎超声影像分析

目的结合阑尾炎的病理分型,分析急性阑尾炎声像图特征以提高其诊断准确率。方法应用凸阵、线阵探头分析41例阑尾炎患者的临床资料,总结不同病理分型的声像图表现。结果 41例患者超声发现病变阑尾40例,其中单纯性阑尾炎17例,化脓性阑尾炎15例,坏疽性阑尾炎8例,手术证实坏疽性阑尾炎1例;超声显示阑尾长轴呈肿大盲管样结构、短轴呈靶环征,壁增厚,无蠕动,管腔压闭性消失及穿孔阑尾管壁回声中断等自身变化继发改变。"超声麦氏征"阳性率100%。结论超声可清晰显示盲肠壁、阑尾孔及阑尾盲端,其典型的声像图特征有助于准确诊断急性阑尾炎。     

Carcinoid tumors of the duodenal cap presenting as multiple polypoid defects

Carcinoid tumors of the duodenal bulb usually present as a single polypoid mass. A case is described in which the lesion developed as multiple polypoid defects in the duodenal cap. In the proper setting, carcinoid should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple polypoid lesions the first portion of the duodenum.     

Abdominal pseudotumors and simulated lymphadenopathy in MRI: Differential features with the use of retrograde air insufflation

In order to evaluate the contribution of retrograde air insufflation in decreasing the occurrence of pseudotumor appearance and mimicked lymphadenopathy due to nonair-distended bowel loops, we retrospectively compared two groups of magnetic resonance (MR) examinations. In the group receiving retrograde air insufflation, 10.8% (67 of 619) of images showed a tumor-like lesion due to nonair-distended bowel loop(s), whereas in the group not receiving air introduction, a tumor-like lesion was simulated in 45.6% (140 of 307) of images. Furthermore, a collapsed bowel loop(s) mimicking an enlarged lymph node close to the aorta, inferior vena cava, or bilateral iliac vessels was found in 9.5% (24 of 252) of images of the latter group, in contrast to only 1.8% (9 of 505) of images of the former group. This study shows that retrograde air insufflation greatly reduces the occurrence of pseudotumor appearance and false impression of paraaortic, paracaval, or parailiac lymphadenopathy secondary to nonair-distended bowel loop(s).     

Colorectal carcinoma in young patients: CT detection of an atypical pattern of recurrence

Colonic adenocarcinoma is an uncommon but aggressive neoplasm in patients under the age of 40. The goals of this study were to evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT) in preoperative staging and detection of postoperative recurrences in young patients with colon cancer and to evaluate the pattern of recurrent disease. We reviewed 51 cases of adenocarcinoma in patients aged 40 years and younger. CT preoperatively staged 21 (72%) of 29 patients correctly and had a 100% positive predictive value for metastatic disease. Recurrent disease occurred in 23 (76%) of 30 nonstage D patients with at least 2 years of disease-free followup. CT accurately detected 21 (91%) of 23 cases of recurrent disease. Local recurrences were detected in 20 (87%) of 23 patients. Isolated local disease was the most frequent pattern of recurrence, seen in 17 (74%) of 23 patients. Hepatic metastases were rare and occurred in nine (13%) of 51 patients. Young patients with colon cancer have an increased prevalence of isolated local recurrences and decreased rate of hepatic metastases than the older population. In order to detect early, and therefore resectable recurrent disease, CT examinations should be obtained early and often in the postoperative period.The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army of the Department of Defense.     

Pancreatic metastases of renal cell carcinoma: Report of two cases

Two cases of renal cell carcinoma, metastatic to the pancreas, are presented. The lesions were hypoechoic with ultrasound examination, and were mixed iso- and hypodense with computed tomography. Angiography was performed in one case, and showed a typical hypervascular pattern of the metastatic tumor.     

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: presentation of two patients with unusual affect of terminal ileum and caecum with manifestations of acute abdomen and literature review

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease; the long-term personal history with digestive symptoms and the course of the disease with relapses and remissions is the key for the disease to be suspected. Endoscopy, CT scan and sonographic studies may provide important indirect signs of the disease and in combination with histological examination the diagnosis can be achieved. The administration of corticosteroids is an important factor for the treatment or the remission of the disease. In this study two cases with unusual location of the disease, on the terminal ileum and caecum, are presented and a literature review is attempted. The disease process, clinical and laboratory findings as well as the surgical approach used are described. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a very rare disease with its surgical complications. The disease is a non-surgical disease, thus presurgical diagnosis is important because the entity discussed can be under control by conservative treatment. A high disease suspicious index must be kept in the physicians' mind.     

Pelvic silicone prosthesis for prevention of radiation enteritis: US and CT features

A patient with a pelvic silicone prosthesis is presented. The sonographic and computed tomographic features in such patients can be confusing and incorrectly interpreted unless the radiologist knows that the prosthesis had been inserted as a radioprotective device. Received: 3 October 1995/Accepted: 25 October 1995     

CT assessment of abdominal hemorrhage in coagulopathic patients: impact on clinical management

Background: To assess how computed tomography (CT) affected clinical management in coagulopathic patients with suspected spontaneous abdominal hemorrhage. Methods: Fifty-four patients with coagulopathy underwent CT for possible abdominal hemorrhage. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for pre-CT management strategy, degree of clinical suspicion for abdominal hemorrhage, CT findings, and post-CT management strategy. Results: Abdominopelvic CT demonstrated hemorrhage in 31/54 (57%) of patients; 20/54 (37%) of patients had retroperitoneal hemorrhage, 2/54 (4%) had hemoperitoneum, and 9/54 (17%) had hemorrhage confined to the thigh, groin, and/or abdominal wall. CT directly affected clinical management in 28/54 (54%) cases; 17/31 (55%) CT scans that were positive for hemorrhage had a clinical impact versus 11/23 (48%) negative CT scans. This difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.61). CT scans with a higher pretest suspicion for abdominal hemorrhage were more likely to have hemorrhage detected (p= 0.0046) but not more likely to have a clinical impact (p= 0.73). Conclusions: CT to assess for abdominal hemorrhage had a direct impact on clinical management in about one-half of coagulopathic patients. Positive and negative CT studies were equally likely to affect management. Received: 24 February 1998/Accepted: 8 April 1998     

Fast spin-echo imaging of the abdomen during breath-holding: An alternative to RASE and other fast imaging techniques

We have developed a rapidly acquired T1-weighted spin-echo pulse sequence that uses gradient echo-like parameters of TR 70 ms, TE 10 ms, NEX-1 (SE 70/10/1) with large pulse angles, and presaturation. This sequence yields two images of the abdomen during a comfortable breath-hold of 9 s. Preliminary phantom studies with this sequence demonstrated that peak signal-to-noise ratios occurred at pulse angles of 120° and 135°. Compared to this rapidly acquired sequence, a conventional T1-weighted spin-echo sequence of TR 140 ms, TE 10 ms, NEX-4 demonstrated 2.8 times the signal-to-noise ratio, 2.6 times the liver-spleen contrast-to-noise ratio but only 1.6 times the contrast-to-artifact ratio. When normalized for the imaging time, however, there was little difference in the signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios, although the SE 70/10/ 1 demonstrated 2.0 times the contrast-to-artifact ratio. We conclude that for abdominal imaging the SE 70/10/1 is an excellent alternative to RASE and other fast imaging techniques, and, although there are inherently low signal-to-noise ratios, it may be particularly useful when coupled with a paramagnetic contrast agent.     

Acute appendicitis mimicking infectious enteritis: diagnostic value of sonography.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the role of sonography in screening of acute appendicitis in patients admitted to an infectious disease unit for suspected acute infectious enteritis. METHODS: One hundred eighty consecutive patients (102 male and 78 female; age range, 5-72 years; mean age, 31 years) admitted for suspected infectious enteritis or typhoid fever were prospectively studied with abdominal sonography within 48 hours after admission. None of the patients had peritoneal irritation. Forty-six patients (25%) had white blood cell counts of more than 10,000/mm3 (range, 10,300-18,000/mm3). The diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made when a detectable appendix with an anteroposterior diameter of greater than 7 mm could be seen on sonography. RESULTS: Eleven (6%) of 180 patients had thickened appendixes (anteroposterior diameter range, 7-14 mm); 2 of them had periappendiceal abscesses. Four (36%) of 11 patients with acute appendicitis had high white blood cell counts. All sonographic diagnoses of acute appendicitis and periappendiceal abscesses were confirmed at surgery. Sonography ruled out acute appendicitis in 169 patients. In all of them, clinical and sonographic follow-up excluded the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Normal appendixes were shown on sonography in 38 (22%) of 169 cases and were not detectable in 131 (78%) of 169. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography of the appendix is a useful method for early assessment of acute appendicitis in patients thought to have enteritis or typhoid fever.     

消化道内分泌肿瘤49例临床病理分析

目的　探讨一组消化道内分泌肿瘤的临床和病理形态学特点以及分类。方法　复习 4 9例消化道内分泌肿瘤的HE切片 ,用组织芯片技术制片 ,5种抗体做免疫组化染色并观察其结果。结果　 4 9例肿瘤中类癌 4 3例 ,小细胞癌 6例。其中来自前肠 2 7例 ,中肠 10例 ,后肠 12例。免疫组化Syn阳性 34例 (6 9 4 % ) ,CgA阳性 4 5例(91 8% ) ,CD5 6阳性 13例 (2 6 5 % )。阳性率与肿瘤发生部位无相关性。Ki 6 7和p5 3在直径 <1 5cm类癌组无阳性表达。散发型类癌组其得分高低与淋巴结转移与否之间差异不显著。结论　消化道类癌从形态学到生物学行为 1、2型与 3型是完全不同的两组肿瘤 ;CD5 6在小细胞癌组和直径 <1 5cm类癌组有较高的表达率 ;混合型肿瘤占该组肿瘤的 1 3。     

Lymphocytic myocarditis presenting as acute myocardial infarction: a case report and review of the literature

We report a case that presented as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) caused by lymphocytic myocarditis (LM), and explore the relationship between AMI and LM. We also performed a literature search to identify publications that previously reported LM-associated myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography of our patient revealed normal coronary arteries. However, a perfusion–metabolism mismatch in the apex and mid-inferior walls supported the diagnosis of AMI, and right ventricular septal endomyocardial biopsy showed LM. Extensive viral serological tests were negative for an infectious etiology. Immunosuppressive therapy may be beneficial in patients with high-risk myocarditis who are pathologically confirmed to be virus-negative.     

Exogastric neurilemmoma presenting as acute abdomen: Role of computed tomography in diagnosis

A case of subserosal gastric neurilemmoma is hereby presented. This reported case is unique in its clinical presentation including the appearance of acute abdomen and fever subsequent to unremarkable and uneventful upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The tendency of neurilemmoma to cause mucosal ulceration with fistula formation probably led to this clinical presentation. The role of computed tomography in establishing diagnosis of exogastric tumor is emphasized.     

CT诊断肝脂肪性肿瘤2例

病例1,女,48岁,主因"右上腹胀痛不适半年余"就诊.既往无肝炎病史.查体:肝区轻叩痛,肝界不大.实验室检查未见异常.CT:平扫于肝右上叶见一类圆形低密度灶,大小约4.11 cm×3.90 cm,CT值为-72 HU,增强扫描边缘可见明显强化,中间条片状影亦见强化(图1A);延迟扫描边缘及中间条片状影密度减低,呈等密度(图1B).考虑为肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤可能性大.于全麻下行肝段部分切除术,术后病理诊断为肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤.     

表现酷似再生障碍性贫血的急性造血停滞23例临床分析

目的报告表现酷似重型再生障碍性贫血（SAA）的急性造血停滞（AAH）患者临床特征，探讨与SAA和极重型再生障碍性贫血（vSAA）患者的鉴别。方法以111例初治SAA和vSAA患者为对照，回顾性分析23例临床表现酷似再生障碍性贫血的AAH患者临床及实验室特征。结果23例从H中16例临床及实验室检查符合SAA或vSAA诊断标准，自发病起2个月内出现自发性造血恢复，中位时间为17（8-40）d。与对照组患者比较，符合SAA或vSAA诊断标准的16例AAH患者年龄大[中位年龄35．5岁，SAA（包括vSAA）为21.0岁]，多伴有其他疾病及用药史，常以发热症状起病；实验室检查与SAA或vSAA相似，但低血清白蛋白发生率高，总铁结合力减低更为常见，骨髓CFU-GM相对较高。结论某些AAH与SAA或vSAA临床表现非常相似，常需回顾性诊断方可鉴别，分析其起病情况及实验室特征有助于早期识别。     

Reduction of peristaltic artifacts on magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen: a comparative evaluation of three drugs

Background: Peristaltic motion is an omnipresent source of degradation in abdominal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging by blurring images and producing ghost artifacts that can mask or mimic lesions. The objective of this study was to select an effective and easy-to-administer drug to provide consistent reduction of peristaltic motion artifacts on MR images. Methods: One hundred forty-eight adult patients with MR examinations of the abdomen were enrolled in a prospective, single-blind comparative study. Four groups were defined: (a) no-drug control group (n = 35), (b) 1 mg of intravenous (IV) glucagon (n = 19), (c) 20 mg of IV butylscopolamine (n = 28), and (d) 20 mg of oral dicyclomine (n = 66). All patients received high-density barium sulphate as a negative oral contrast medium. Quantitative image analysis was performed with operator-defined region-of-interest measurements of signal intensity. Gastrointestinal noise was measured outside the patient at the posterior part of the left hemiabdomen along the phase-encoding direction on a short inversion time inversion recovery (STIR) sequence. Results: Treatment groups showed reduced gastrointestinal noise (p < 0.01). When compared with the control group, IV butylscopolamine (p < 0.05) and oral dicyclomine (p < 0.05) significantly reduced gastrointestinal noise, whereas glucagon did not. Conclusion: Anticholinergic drugs significantly reduced the intensity of ghost artifacts on MR imaging of the abdomen. Twenty milligrams of oral dicyclomine is an effective and safe alternative to more expensive and parenterally administered drugs such as glucagon and butylscopolamine. Received: 22 November 1994/Accepted after revision: 14 March 1995