ITIH4基因沉默对人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响

目的:探讨沉默间-α-胰蛋白酶抑制剂重链H4(inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4,ITIH4)基因对人肝癌细胞系HepG2增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响.方法:将4个ITIH4基因沉默载体分别转染HepG2细胞,用2 mg/L嘌呤霉素筛选获得稳定表达细胞株.Western印迹评价沉默效率,并选择效率最高的细胞株(si-ITIH4)用于后续实验.转染无意义序列的细胞株(si-Control)作为对照组.分别用细胞计数及CCK-8细胞计数试剂盒评价两组细胞增殖.用Transwell小室评价两组细胞的迁移及侵袭.结果:成功获得ITIH4基因沉默的HepG2细胞株si-ITIH4,与si-Control组相比,si-ITIH4组沉默效率达到86%.与si-Control组相比,si-ITIH4组细胞增殖显著降低、细胞迁移及侵袭均显著减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:ITIH4基因沉默可显著抑制HepG2的增殖、迁移及侵袭,提示其可能是参与肝细胞癌发生发展的重要基因之一.     

MYCT1-TV对肝癌细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭能力的影响

目的探讨MYCT1-TV(Myc target 1)基因过表达对肝癌Bel7402细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭能力的影响。方法将构建的MYCT1-TV-GFP真核表达载体瞬时转染Bel7402细胞,通过RT-PCR和荧光显微镜检测转染效率,分别通过MTT、流式细胞术和Transwell实验检测转染后MYCT1-TV对Bel7402细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭能力的影响。结果转染MYCT1-TV-GFP后,Bel7402细胞活细胞数显著减少,凋亡细胞数显著增加,穿膜细胞数显著减少。结论 MYCT1-TV过表达能抑制Bel7402细胞生长和侵袭,促进Bel7402细胞凋亡。     

木犀草素对人肝癌HepG2细胞株侵袭、迁移和黏附能力的影响

目的:探讨木犀草素对人肝癌HepG2细胞株侵袭、迁移和黏附能力的影响及其作用机制。方法:采用不同浓度木犀草素处理体外培养的人肝癌HepG2细胞株,Transwell实验检测细胞的侵袭能力,划痕实验检测细胞的迁移能力,黏附实验评价细胞的黏附能力,Western blot检测E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)、波形蛋白(vimentin)和Snai1蛋白的表达。结果:木犀草素可明显降低肝癌HepG2细胞的体外侵袭、迁移及黏附能力(P0.01),且在一定浓度范围内呈明显量效关系。木犀草素处理肝癌细胞后,上皮细胞标志蛋白E-cadherin表达明显上调,间质细胞标志蛋白N-cadherin和vimentin以及转录因子Snai1表达均明显下调,木犀草素对以上蛋白的调节呈明显浓度依赖性。结论:木犀草素体外具有抑制肝癌HepG2细胞株侵袭、迁移和黏附的作用,其作用机制可能与调控上皮-间质转化有关。     

全反式维甲酸对小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa1-6增殖、迁移、侵袭的影响及其机制

目的探讨不同浓度的全反式维甲酸(ATRA)对小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa1-6体外增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭的影响及肝癌细胞间质标志蛋白和miR200家族的表达情况。方法以Hepa1-6小鼠肝癌细胞为研究对象,给予0、0.1、1.0和10.0μmol/L终浓度的ATRA处理,结晶紫染色检测细胞增殖,锥虫蓝拒染实验计数活细胞。Hoechst检测细胞凋亡,划痕实验检测迁徙能力,Transwell实验检测侵袭能力,荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)法检测间质标志蛋白N-cadherin、sail和vimentin和0和10μmol/L ATRA处理后的miR200家族的mRNA表达。结果 ATRA处理后Hepa1-6细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力明显下降(P0.05),凋亡率增高(P0.05),间质标志蛋白N-cadherin、sail和vimentin的表达明显下调(P0.05),ATRA的浓度越高,这些作用越明显。10μmol/L ATRA处理后miRNA200a-3p,200c-3p,141-3p显著上调。结论 ATRA呈浓度依赖性促进肿瘤细胞Hepa1-6凋亡,抑制其增殖、迁移及侵袭能力,这可能与ATRA上调microRNA200家族,抑制细胞的间质表型有关。     

Fibulin-3 is associated with tumour progression and a poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinomas and inhibits cell migration and invasion via suppressed AKT activity

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is known for its highly metastatic character. Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment have not improved the high mortality rate that is attributable to early metastasis. Although several biomarkers correlate with metastasis and prognosis, the molecular mechanisms of NPC development and progression remain unclear. We demonstrate comprehensively that fibulin-3 is down-regulated in NPC. Loss of fibulin-3 expression is significantly correlated with advanced tumour and lymph node-metastasis stages, and indicates a poor 5-year survival rate. Functionally, fibulin-3 has the ability to suppress cell migration and invasion in NPC cancer cells by decreasing the activity of phospho-AKT. Conversely, its depletion by fibulin-3-mediated siRNAs may elevate phospho-AKT activity and significantly enhance the ability of NPC cancer cells to migrate and invade. Consistent with this negative association between fibulin-3 and phospho-AKT, their expression levels are inversely correlated in NPC specimens by immunohistochemical analysis. Thus, lower fibulin-3 expression is an important indicator of poor survival. It may also contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies to block the PI3K/AKT pathway in NPC cancer cells.     

敲低长链非编码RNA AFAP1-AS1抑制TPC-1甲状腺乳头状癌细胞上皮间质转化及其侵袭和迁移

目的 检测甲状腺乳头状癌组织长链非编码RNA (lncRNA)肌动蛋白丝相关蛋白1反义RNA1(AFAP1-AS1)的表达,敲低TPC-1甲状腺乳头状癌细胞AFAP1-AS1,研究其对TPC-1细胞上皮间质转化(EMT)的影响及相关分子机制.方法 采用实时定量PCR检测60例甲状腺乳头状癌组织lncRNA AFAP1-...     

干扰SULT2B1下调MMP-2抑制Hepa1-6肝癌细胞的体外迁移与侵袭

目的 研究羟基类固醇硫酸基转移酶(SULT2B1)对小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa1-6体外迁移与侵袭的影响及分子机制.方法 分别用SULT2B1慢病毒干扰载体和对照载体感染Hepa1-6细胞,设立干扰组和对照组.Transwell法检测细胞的侵袭与迁移能力,Real-time PCR法检测MMP-2、MMP-9和TIMP-2的mRNA水平,明胶酶谱法检测肿瘤条件培养基(TCM)中MMP-2和MMP-9的活性.结果 SULT2B1干扰组穿过未铺和铺Matrigl胶滤膜的细胞数较对照组明显减少(P＜0.05),干扰SULT2B1下调MMP-2、上调TIMP-2的mRNA水平(P＜0.05),干扰SULT2B1的TCM降低MMP-2的活性(P＜0.05).结论 干扰SULT2B1可抑制Hepa1-6细胞的迁移与侵袭能力,其机制主要与降低MMP-2,升高TIMP-2的表达水平有关.     

Prostaglandin transporter,SLCO2A1, mediates the invasion and apoptosis of lung cancer cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

Treatment of lung cancer involves regulation of various key factors in many signaling pathways. The prostaglandin transporter, solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 (SLCO2A1), is a promising regulatory factor of cancer cells. By analyzing the invasion and apoptosis status of lung cancer cells, and detecting the expression changes of key factors in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway after overexpression and knockdown of SLCO2A1 in vitro, this study intended to investigate the function of SLCO2A1 in mediating lung cancer cells. Results showed overexpression of SLCO2A1 could induce the invasion of lung cancer cells, and its knockdown inhibited the invasion and induced the apoptosis of cells. mTOR, AKT and S6 in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were not affected by SLCO2A1. But the expression levels of p-mTOR, p-AKT and p-S6 were up-regulated or down-regulated with the overexpression or knockdown of SLCO2A1. Thus SLCO2A1 was inferred to mediate the invasion and apoptosis of lung cancer cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. These results implied SLCO2A1 could be a regulatory factor of the invasion and apoptosis of lung cancer cells and serve as a promising target for lung cancer therapy.     

B7-H3在人肝癌细胞株HepG2对外周血CD8+T细胞活化、周期及分泌IL-17调节中的作用

目的 研究B7-H3在人肝癌细胞株HepG2对人外周血CD8+T细胞活化、周期及IL-17分泌等调节中的作用.方法 RT-PCR及FCM检测B7-H3在HepG2细胞上的表达;应用脂质体法将PGPU6/GFP/neo-B7-H3shRNA质粒转入肝癌细胞株HepG2,阻断B7-H3的表达;免疫磁珠分选健康人外周血CD8+T细胞;FCM分析B7-H3分子在HepG2细胞对PHA刺激下CD8+T细胞活化、周期及PMA刺激下CD8+T细胞分泌IL-17调节中的作用.结果 肝癌细胞株HepG2高表达B7-H3分子,PGPU6/GFP/neo-B7-H3 shRNA质粒能有效阻断B7-H3在HepG2细胞上的表达;FCM分析结果显示,肝癌细胞株HepG2对CD8+T细胞活化及周期均有抑制作用;阻断B7-H3的表达后,明显减弱HepG2细胞对CD8+T细胞早期活化表型CD69表达的抑制作用,且能够通过下调CD8+T细胞Go/G1期细胞数量,上调S期细胞数量逆转HepG2细胞对CD8+T细胞周期的阻滞作用;在HepG2存在条件下,CD8+T细胞对IL-17的分泌明显增加,阻断B7-H3的表达后,IL-17的分泌被进一步上调.结论 HepG2细胞高表达B7-H3分子;B7-H3能够协同HepG2细胞对CD8+T细胞活化表型CD69的表达及细胞周期的抑制作用;HepG2细胞上调CD8+T细胞对IL-17的分泌作用,但B7-H3可抑制该上调作用.     

Patterns of integrin common chain β1 and collagen IV immunoreactivity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Correlations with tumour growth rate,grade and size

Thirty cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were investigated immunocytochemically for expression of β1 integrin molecule and of collagen IV. Immunoreactivity was related to the tumour proliferation index, as detected by PCNA immunostaining, and to tumour size and grade. Membrane β1 integrin immunoreactivity was deteccted in the neoplasticc cells of all cases, though two different staining patterns were clearly recognized. In 14 cases, β1 integrin immunoreactivity was confined to the cell-stroma interface, showing the same polarized pattern as the non-neoplastic cell counterpart. This staining pattern was associated significantly (P 0.0001) with low PCNA labelling (i.e. less than 20 per cent of neoplastic cells showing nuclear immunostaining. Conversely, 16 cases showed non-polarized pericellular β1 integrin immunostaining. This staining pattern was significantly associated (P < 0.0001)) with high PCNA labelling (more than 20 per cent of immunoreactive cells) and with tumour size greater than 4 cm in diameter (P < 0.0001). β1 Integrin, collagen IV, and PCNA immunoreactivities, however, did not correlate with the histological grade. The data emphasize that neoplastic progression of HCCs may be correlated with an aberrant expression of adhesion molecules and with a disruption of the collagen IV complement of basal membranes.     

Depletion of NK cells results in disseminating lethal infection with Bordetella pertussis associated with a reduction of antigen-specific Th1 and enhancement of Th2, but not Tr1 cells

IFN-gamma plays a critical role in protection against Bordetella pertussis, but Th1 cells are only detectable after the infection has started to resolve, suggesting a protective role for innate IFN-gamma early in infection. Here, we demonstrate significant recruitment of NK cells and NKT cells into the lungs following respiratory challenge with B. pertussis. Furthermore, NK cells are the primary source of IFN-gamma in the lungs during the acute stage of infection. Stimulation of IFN-gamma production by NK cells was indirect through B. pertussis-activated IL-12 or IL-23 production by dendritic cells. Depletion of NK cells with anti-asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide antibody resulted in a lethal infection, with enhancement of bacterial load in the lungs and dissemination of the bacteria to the liver via the blood. NK cell-depleted mice had significantly reduced B. pertussis-specific IFN-gamma and enhanced IgG1 and IL-5, but not IL-10 production, suggesting that regulatory T cells are induced simultaneously with Th1 cells, but the absence of NK cells resulted in enhancement of Th2-type responses. These findings suggest that NK cells confer resistance to B. pertussis by activating IL-12-mediated production of IFN-gamma, which enhances the anti-bacterial activity of macrophages, but also promotes the differentiation of Th1 cells.     

KIR2DS1, 2DS5, 3DS1 and KIR2DL5 are associated with the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Iranians

Background

Activating and inhibitory KIR receptors (aKIR, iKIR) control the development and function of NK cells whose function alterations adjust the tumor microenvironment immunity. This research was conducted to determine the KIRs gene impact on genetic predisposition to Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in Iranians.

Expression of endoprotease furin, prohormone convertase (PC) 1/3 and PC2 in pulmonary neuroendocrine lesions: Correlation of functional differentiation of neuroendocrine cells with posttranslational processing of prohormones

Prohormone convertases (PCs) are key enzymes in the regulated pathway for the posttranslational processing of peptide hormones, whereas furin is a microsomal protease mediating the constitutive pathway of protein secretion in most secretory cells. To elucidate the relationship of the expression of these processing enzymes and cellular differentiation, we examined the localization of furin, PC1/3, and PC2 using immunohistochemistry andin situ hybridization in such pulmonary neuroendocrine lesions as bronchial carcinoids, pulmonary tumorlets, and small-cell carcinomas of the lung. PCs were commonly detected in the cytologically and functionally differentiated lesions, i.e., carcinoids and tumorlets with immunoreactivity for peptide products in secretory granules. However, PCs and hormones were absent in most of the cytologically less-differentiated lesions, i.e., small-cell carcinoma. Only a few malignant lesions showed focal peptide production. In contrast, furin was expressed in all the lesions, including small-cell carcinoma. It is suggested that furin functions in the poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor containing few secretory granules, by participating in the premature processing of peptide products. The lack of PCs should be a fundamental mechanism for the detection of prohormones in the serum of patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung.     

Inhibition of type 1 diabetes in filaria‐infected non‐obese diabetic mice is associated with a T helper type 2 shift and induction of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells

We sought to determine whether Litomosoides sigmodontis, a filarial infection of rodents, protects against type 1 diabetes in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Six‐week‐old NOD mice were sham‐infected or infected with either L3 larvae, adult male worms, or adult female worms. Whereas 82% of uninfected NOD mice developed diabetes by 25 weeks of age, no L. sigmodontis‐infected mice developed disease. Although all mice had evidence of ongoing islet cell inflammation by histology, L. sigmodontis‐infected mice had greater numbers of total islets and non‐infiltrated islets than control mice. Protection against diabetes was associated with a T helper type 2 (Th2) shift, as interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐5 release from α‐CD3/α‐CD28‐stimulated splenocytes was greater in L. sigmodontis‐infected mice than in uninfected mice. Increased circulating levels of insulin‐specific immunoglobulin G1, showed that this Th2 shift occurs in response to one of the main autoantigens in diabetes. Multicolour flow cytometry studies demonstrated that protection against diabetes in L. sigmodontis‐infected NOD mice was associated with significantly increased numbers of splenic CD4⁺ CD25⁺ FoxP3⁺ regulatory T cells. Interestingly, injection of crude worm antigen into NOD mice also resulted in protection against type 1 diabetes, though to a lesser degree than infection with live L. sigmodontis worms. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that filarial worms can protect against the onset of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. This protection is associated with a Th2 shift, as demonstrated by cytokine and antibody production, and with an increase in CD4⁺ CD25⁺ FoxP3⁺ regulatory T cells.     

BDCA3 expression is associated with high IFN‐λ production by CD34+‐derived dendritic cells generated in the presence of GM‐CSF,IL‐4, and/or TGF‐β

High BDCA3 expression is associated with a specific human IFN‐λ‐producing dendritic cell (DC) subset. However, BDCA3 has also been detected on other DC subsets. Thus far, development and function of BDCA3 expression on DCs remains poorly understood. Human Langerhans cells (LCs) and interstitial DCs (intDCs) can be generated in vitro by differentiation of CD34⁺ hematopoietic progenitors via distinct precursor DCs (preDCs), CD1a⁺ preDCs, and CD14⁺ preDCs, respectively. Here, we identified BDCA3 expression in this well‐known GM‐CSF/TNF‐α‐driven culture system and described the effect of IL‐4 and/or TGF‐β on induction of BDCA3 expression. In control or TGF‐β cultures, BDCA3 was only detected on CD14⁺ preDC‐derived intDCs. IL‐4 induced BDCA3 expression in both CD14⁺‐derived and CD1a⁺‐derived cultures. TGF‐β and IL‐4 together further increased CD14⁺‐derived and CD1a⁺‐derived BDCA3⁺ DC frequencies, which partly expressed CLEC9A, but were not identical to the BDCA3^highCLEC9A⁺ DC subset in vivo. Importantly, BDCA3⁺ cells, but not BDCA3^? cells, in this system produced high IFN‐λ levels upon polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) stimulation. This culture system, in which BDCA3 expression is preferentially associated with the intDC lineage and IFN‐λ‐producing capacity, will greatly contribute to further research on the function and regulation of BDCA3 expression and IFN‐λ production by DCs.     

Expression of miRNA‐146a,miRNA‐155, IL‐2, and TNF‐α in inflammatory response to Helicobacter pylori infection associated with cancer progression

miRNAs appear to play an important role in controlling the expression of several genes, and they are a potential biomarker and prognostic tool in gastric diseases. We analyzed 53 controls, 86 patients with gastritis, and 19 patients with gastric cancer. Real‐time‐PCR was used to determine the expression levels of miRNA‐146a, miRNA‐155, IL‐2, and TNF‐α. The subsequent analysis of the target genes was performed using the bioinformatics approach. There was no difference in IL‐2 expression between the groups. However, there was a significant increase in TNF‐α expression in the gastritis group relative to the control and a significant decrease in the gastric cancer group relative to the control. There was also a statistically significant increase in miRNA‐146a and miRNA‐155 expression in the gastritis group relative to the control, but not in the gastric cancer group. Similar results were found when the presence of H. pylori was considered. The data revealed an increase in miRNA‐146a and miRNA‐155 expression but not enough to control the expression of TNF‐α. The presence of H. pylori was found to affect increases in TNF‐α and microRNA expression, and miRNA‐146a and miRNA‐155 alone were not able to eliminate bacteria or restore tissue homeostasis.