纳米银敷料、银离子敷料、磺胺嘧啶银治疗Ⅱ度烧伤的网状 Meta分析

目的：银制剂用于烧伤创面外用药已有数十年历史,主要有磺胺嘧啶银、纳米银敷料、银离子敷料,目前并没有同时比较三者在Ⅱ度烧伤的效果研究,因此本研究拟采用网状 Meta分析的方法,纳入随机对照试验,分析纳米银敷料、银离子敷料、磺胺嘧啶银治疗Ⅱ度烧伤的疗效,进而选择最佳的含银制剂。方法全面检索中英文数据库,纳入比较纳米银敷料、银离子敷料、磺胺嘧啶银治疗Ⅱ度烧伤的随机对照试验,两个作者独立筛选研究、提取资料和评价纳入研究质量,数据分析采取 Stata软件进行分析,二分类变量数据采用比值比（odds ratio ,OR）及其95％可信区间（95％ confidence interval ,95％ CI）为疗效分析统计量,连续性变量采用均数差（mean difference ,MD）及其95％ CI为疗效分析统计量。结果纳入14个研究（1211例患者）。纳米银敷料（M D ：－4．13,95％ C I：－5．74～－2．52）、银离子敷料（M D ：－3．25,95％ C I：－5．00～－1．49）较磺胺嘧啶银具有较快的伤口愈合时间,但是纳米银敷料和银离子敷料在伤口愈合时间上没有统计学差异（M D ：0．89,95％ C I：－1．49～3．27）。在伤口愈合时间上,纳米银敷料成为最佳治疗的可能性为77．2％,其次为银离子敷料（可能性为22．8％）,最后为磺胺嘧啶银（可能性为0％）。纳米银敷料的细菌感染发生率显著低于磺胺嘧啶银（OR：0．36,95％ C I：0．15～0．87）,银离子敷料的细菌感染发生率与磺胺嘧啶银（OR：0．52,95％ CI：0．18～1．51）、纳米银敷料（OR：1．43,95％ CI：0．36～5．66）无统计学差异。在细菌感染发生率上,纳米银敷料成为最佳治疗的可能性为70．3％,其次为银离子敷料（可能性为29．7％）,最后为磺胺嘧啶银（可能性为0％）。结论纳米银敷料可能是目前相对于银离子敷料和磺胺嘧啶银的最佳敷料,但是需要未来研究进行证实。     

氟银辐照猪皮治疗面部Ⅱ度烧伤的临床疗效研究

目的探讨氟银辐照猪皮治疗面部Ⅱ度烧伤的临床疗效。方法将54例面部Ⅱ度烧伤创面分为氟银辐照猪皮治疗组和单纯创面暴露治疗组,比较两组的临床疗效并进行统计学分析。结果与单纯创面暴露组比较,氟银辐照猪皮治疗组创面疼痛轻,感染率小,愈合快,色素改变及瘢痕增生不明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论氟银辐照猪皮疗法治疗面部Ⅱ度烧伤疗效优于单纯创面暴露疗法。具有高效、安全、简便优点,值得临床推广。     

分层换药治疗Ⅱ期压疮患者的疗效观察

目的观察分层换药方法在Ⅱ期压疮患者中的应用效果,为临床治疗压疮提供参考。方法将2009年6月～2012年2月收治的40例下肢骨折伴有Ⅱ期压疮的患者随机分为实验组(分层更换创面敷料换药组)与常规组(外科常规换药组),每组20例。比较两组患者换药时疼痛程度、伤口治愈时间及满意度。结果两组患者换药时疼痛程度、伤口治愈时间及满意度比较,实验组优于常规组(p<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论分层更换敷料换药法对Ⅱ期压疮患者临床疗效优于常规外科换药法,值得在临床中推广应用。     

蜂蜜用于皮肤软组织擦挫创面感染的临床研究

目的探讨自制蜂蜜敷料治疗皮肤软组织擦挫创面感染的临床效果。方法复习相关文献,分析蜂蜜的理化特性及药效机制;将入选的125例患者按随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组;试验组65例,采用自制的蜂蜜敷料换药,每日1次,感染控制后,2~3 d换药1次,直至愈合;对照组60例,采用传统方法凡士林油纱换药;观察两组疼痛程度、创面感染控制及愈合时间。结果试验组与对照组疼痛计分分别为(1.97±0.61)、(5.63±0.92)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),试验组换药疼痛轻;试验组创面感染控制及愈合时间明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论蜂蜜敷料能及时有效的控制感染,促进创面修复。     

应用模块化理论研制卫生列车救护中的清创换药箱

目的：研制适用于卫生列车救护中的清创换药箱,也可用于平战时突发事件中伤员的救护。方法：应用三级模块化理论．结合卫生列车后送的主要任务,把清创换药箱设计成4个功能区：消毒清洗液区、清创换药共用区、污染伤口换药区和感染伤口换药区。各功能区相对独立又紧密联系,是模块化中的三级模块（单元）,能完成5次清创和50次换药。结果：该清创换药箱备物齐全。功能完整,实用便捷。结论：该清创换药箱克服了一般换药箱物品凌乱、功能单一的缺点．具有模块化设计、功能齐全、可扩展性等创新点,可满足卫生列车救护中的清创换药需求。     

Bacterial resistance to silver in wound care

Ionic silver exhibits antimicrobial activity against a broad range of micro-organisms. As a consequence, silver is included in many commercially available healthcare products. The use of silver is increasing rapidly in the field of wound care, and a wide variety of silver-containing dressings are now commonplace (e.g. Hydrofiber dressing, polyurethane foams and gauzes). However, concerns associated with the overuse of silver and the consequent emergence of bacterial resistance are being raised. The current understanding of the biochemical and molecular basis behind silver resistance has been documented since 1998. Despite the sporadic evidence of bacterial resistance to silver, there have been very few studies undertaken and documented to ascertain its prevalence. The risks of antibacterial resistance developing from the use of biocides may well have been overstated. It is proposed that hygiene should be emphasized and targeted towards those applications that have demonstrable benefits in wound care. It is the purpose of this review to assess the likelihood of widespread resistance to silver and the potential for silver to induce cross-resistance to antibiotics, in light of its increasing usage within the healthcare setting.     

Effectiveness of Different Topical Treatments in the Healing of Pressure Injuries: A Network Meta-analysis

Objectives

Pressure injuries (PIs) are one of the most common types of complex wounds and impose a huge economic burden on the healthcare system and the patients. A plethora of topical treatments is widely available for PI treatment, yet there is a paucity of evidence with regard to the most effective treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of various topical treatments and identify the best treatment choice(s) for PI healing.

Tegaderm CHG IV Securement Dressing for Central Venous and Arterial Catheter Insertion Sites: A NICE Medical Technology Guidance

Catheters are widely used for vascular access and for the administration of drugs or fluids in critically ill patients. This exposes patients to an infection risk. Tegaderm chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) (developed by 3M)—a transparent securement dressing—covers and protects catheter sites and secures devices to the skin. It comprises a transparent adhesive dressing to act as a barrier against external contamination and an integrated gel pad containing an antiseptic agent. The Medical Technologies Advisory Committee (MTAC) at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) selected Tegaderm CHG for evaluation. One study was identified by the sponsor as relevant to the decision problem. From this, the sponsor concluded that compared with standard dressings, Tegaderm CHG is associated with lower rates of catheter-related infection, but increased dermatitis incidence. The External Assessment Centre (EAC) identified four paired comparative studies between Tegaderm CHG, other CHG dressings or standard dressings. The EAC agreed with the sponsor’s conclusion, finding that CHG dressings reduce infections compared with standard dressings. The sponsor constructed a de novo costing model. Tegaderm CHG generated cost savings of £77.26 per patient compared with standard dressings and was cost saving in 98.5 % of a sample of sets of inputs (2013 prices). The EAC critiqued and updated the model’s inputs, yielding similar results to those the sponsor estimate. The MTAC reviewed the evidence and decided to support the case for adoption, issuing a positive draft recommendation. After a public consultation, NICE published this as Medical Technology Guidance 25.     

溃疡膏加白糖治疗烧伤创面耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染疗效观察

目的观察溃疡膏加白糖在治疗烧伤耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)感染创面的临床效果,缩短残余创面治愈时间。方法回顾性总结1996年1月~2008年10月收治的烧伤患者,创面分泌物细菌培养为MRSA感染者52例,创面处理在溃疡膏内加入白糖,创面用约1∶5000高锰酸钾溶液清洗干净,直接涂抹溃疡膏后覆盖凡士林纱布,半暴露或者干纱布包扎,根据创面感染控制情况每日或者间隔1~2 d换药1次。结果经过2~5次换药,感染创面1周内很快得到控制,MRSA检出阳性率从用药前的100.00%下降至用药后1周的5.76%;无新生感染创面,治愈40例,12例创面较大者换药控制感染后手术植皮治愈,所有创面在1~2周内痊愈。结论溃疡膏加白糖治疗烧伤创面MRSA感染,具有明显的抗菌作用,能加速创面愈合,临床效果满意,方法简单可行,值得临床推广应用。     

蜂蜜治疗系统性红斑狼疮并发皮肤感染性溃疡的效果观察

目的观察蜂蜜治疗系统性红斑狼疮并发肢端皮肤感染性溃疡的临床效果,为研究提供依据。方法选择2007年1月-2010年10月在医院换药室接受治疗的75例系统性红斑狼疮并发肢端皮肤感染溃疡患者,按时间顺序设2007年1月-2008年10月的35例患者为对照组,采用传统方法凡士林油纱换药,2009年1月-2010年10月的40例患者为观察组,采用自制的蜂蜜敷料换药,观察两组治疗后分泌物细菌培养的阳性率及治疗效果。结果观察组细菌培养全部为阴性,治愈率95.0%;对照组细菌培养阳性率为31.4%,治愈率60.0%。结论蜂蜜用于治疗伤口,能通过控制伤口感染、清除坏死组织、提供伤口营养、调节伤口愈合相关细胞因子及提供伤口湿性愈合环境等多种途径促进伤口愈合。     

银离子敷料联合水凝胶与湿疗伤口敷料治疗糖尿病足感染疗效比较

目的 观察银离子敷料联合水凝胶与湿疗伤口敷料治疗糖尿病足感染的临床疗效.方法 对医院诊治的糖尿病足感染患者126例随机分为观察组及对照组各63例,对照组采取湿疗伤口敷料治疗,观察组采取银离子敷料联合水凝胶治疗.结果 对照组清创天数(3.37±1.97)d,肉芽组织生长天数(11.46±3.24)d,上皮形成天数(12.21±2.19)d,观察组清创天数(6.28±2.24)d,肉芽组织生长天数(8.87±2.89)d,上皮形成天数(10.34±2.03)d,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后1周对照组有47例细菌培养阳性,观察组有12例培养阳性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗4周对照组显效率36.51％、有效率25.40％、基本治愈率7.94％,观察组显效率66.67％、有效率39.68％、基本治愈率20.64％、完全治愈率3.17％,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 银离子联合水凝胶治疗糖尿病足感染创面较湿疗伤口敷料疗效更优.     

藻酸盐湿性敷料在腹部手术后切口愈合不良中的应用效果

目的观察藻酸盐湿性敷料在腹部手术后切口愈合不良中的应用效果。方法选取2018-07至2019-06广州市第一人民医院南沙医院进行腹部手术后切口愈合不良患者70例为研究对象,按切口敷料不同分为对照组(n=35)和观察组(n=35)。对照组,接受传统敷料处理;观察组,接受藻酸盐湿性敷料处理。比较两组伤口愈合时间、伤口感染控制时间、首次更换敷料时疼痛评分及再发感染率等。结果观察组切口愈合时间、切口感染控制时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组首次更换敷料时伤口疼痛评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组再发感染率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论藻酸盐敷料在腹部手术后切口愈合不良中应用效果较好,能缩短愈合时间,加快感染控制速度。     

负压引流联合纳米银敷料促进感染切口愈合的实验及临床研究

目的探讨自制负压装置联合纳米银敷料促进大鼠切口感染愈合的优势,并探究其临床疗效。方法感染切口模型大鼠随机分为常规处理组、单纯负压吸引组、负压吸引联合银离子敷料组。治疗后评价各组大鼠切口愈合时间、愈合面积,对切口组织的炎症因子进行免疫组化及荧光定量分析。并将三组方法应用于临床手术部位感染患者,比较分析各组患者切口的肉芽覆盖时间、肉芽痊愈时间和切口愈合时间。结果大鼠肉芽组织免疫组织化学及IOD值、大鼠切口组织TNF-α、IL-2、IL-8的mRNA相对表达水平均低于常规处理组和单纯负压吸引组,差异有统计学差异(P0.05);临床应用中负压吸引联合银离子敷料组的切口愈合时间、术后C反应蛋白、疼痛评分等指标均优于常规处理组和单纯负压吸引组,差异有统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论与传统治疗手段相比,负压吸引联合银离子敷料治疗能更有效地控制手术部位感染,减轻切口局部炎症,促进切口愈合。     

Selection of wound dressings

The successful wound treatment depends on the adequate local agents and the well selected dressing. There is not single universal dressing that suitable for the management of all types of wounds and a few are suitable for single wound in the all stages of wound healing. The base and the main goal of dressing selection to produce rapid and optimal wound healing, cosmetically acceptable too, to reduce pain, to prevent and control the bacterial state of wound, to decrease the quantity of wound secretion, to cause minimal distress to the patient, and to improve the quality of patient's life. Author gives a summerizing of the wound healing, a discussion about the wound related factors: e.g. wound type, wound surface, wound characteristics and the bacterial profile of wounds. He gives informations about the wound dressing collecting into groups and the classification of the different dressings.     

磺胺嘧啶银脂质水胶敷料用于甲沟炎拔甲伤口的效果观察

目的 观察磺胺嘧啶银脂质水胶敷料（Urgotul SSD）对甲沟炎拔甲患者在换药时的疼痛感及伤口愈合时间的影响。方法 将48例（共计51趾）拔甲患者，随机分为观察组和对照组，观察组在拔甲及术后换药中使用磺胺嘧啶银脂质水胶敷料覆盖创面；对照组在拔甲后创面使用凡士林油纱，术后换药中创面放置抗生素纱条，直到伤口愈合；对两组患者拔甲后第1次和第2次换药去除伤口敷料时的疼痛分值、伤口愈合时间及换药次数进行比较。结果 观察组换药去除伤口敷料时的疼痛分值分别低于对照组去除凡士林油纱和抗生素引流条时的疼痛分值，观察组伤口愈合时间及换药次数均少于对照组，两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论 甲沟炎拔甲及换药时使用磺胺嘧啶银脂质水胶敷料，可以有效地减轻换药疼痛，缩短伤日愈合时间，减少换药次数。     

银离子敷料治疗糖尿病足感染的效果

目的分析银离子敷料与湿疗伤口敷料治疗糖尿病足感染对患者纤维蛋白原(FIB)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)以及降钙素原(PCT)水平和溃疡程度的影响。方法以2018年8月-2020年3月于河北医科大学第二医院内分泌科接受治疗的84例糖尿病足感染患者为研究对象,通过随机数字表法分为研究组(n=42)和对照组(n=42)。对照组创面覆盖湿疗伤口敷料,研究组创面覆盖银离子敷料,试验终点为患者糖尿病足感染痊愈或治疗30 d后。比较两组治疗后临床指标、治疗30 d后疗效、治疗前及治疗30 d后溃疡程度、血清炎症因子水平。结果研究组患者清创时间、肉芽组织生长时间以及上皮形成时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗30 d后,研究组治愈率高于对照组,有效率低于对照组(26.19%vs 7.14%,30.95%vs 64.29%,P<0.05)。治疗30 d后,研究组患者2级溃疡比例高于对照组、3级溃疡比例低于对照组(88.10%vs 59.52%,9.52%vs 33.33%,P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗30 d后,两组血清FIB、PCT、hs-CRP水平均降低,研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论相较湿疗伤口敷料,银离子敷料可降低糖尿病足感染患者FIB、PCT、hs-CRP水平,控制炎症反应,同时降低糖尿病足溃疡严重程度,促进创面修复。     

Wound infection under occlusive dressings.

It is often supposed that occlusive dressings potentiate wound infection. However, even though heavy colonization by skin and wound flora is often seen under certain types of occlusion, clinical infection is not a frequent occurrence. Commensal wound flora consists of a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms and fungi which do not appear to be detrimental to healing. Certain aspects of wound healing may in fact be promoted by bacterial colonization, although clinical infection can lead to wound breakdown and systemic infection. Wounds compromised by devitalized tissue, drains or sutures are more susceptible than clean wounds to clinical infection. Occlusive dressings may help prevent infection by presenting a barrier to potential pathogens, and hydrocolloid occlusive dressings have been shown to prevent dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The rate of clinical infection as deduced from published trials of dressings is lower under occlusion than when non-occlusive dressings are used, and this is likely to be a result of normal activity of the host defences under occlusive dressings.     

Eradication of MRSA in chronic wounds of outpatients with leg ulcers is accelerated by antiseptic washes – Results of a pilot study

Whereas several studies evaluate MRSA in inpatients, for outpatients there are merely expert recommendations, but no systematic studies. Mostly, MRSA in outpatients is tolerated but not eradicated. Particularly, for risk patients with chronic wounds some experts postulate that MRSA-eradication is even impossible. For the first time, this pilot study systematically searched for the results of an eradication of MRSA in chronic leg ulcers of outpatients. 38 outpatients with a MRSA colonized leg ulcer were included in the survey and retrospective data analysis. Additionally to a wound therapy with silver-containing wound dressings, all patients were recommended to apply antiseptic eradication measures in accordance with the recommendations for inpatient treatment. MRSA was considered to be persistent, if it was detectable in the wound after at least one month of recommended eradication therapy. In 16 patients the MRSA could be successfully eradicated (MRSA-E), in 22 it could not (MRSA-P). Results showed a significant benefit of antiseptic body washes during the decontamination (MRSA-E 62.5%, MRSA-P 22.7%; p=0.0082). Other antiseptic measures like daily change of clothes and linen or disinfections of personal things and surroundings did not show significance. In conclusion, this pilot study shows that eradication of MRSA in chronic wounds is possible in outpatients. Antiseptic measurements, even administered by the patients themselves, seem to have a positive influence. Their efficacy has to be proven in larger, placebo-controlled studies for outpatient eradication.     

壳聚糖医用敷料的研究进展

医用敷料是临床处理伤口的一个关键因素。传统敷料主要作用是覆盖伤口,预防伤口感染。进入21世纪,现代医用敷料逐渐替代了传统敷料。与传统敷料相比,现代敷料具有能抵御伤口受机械因素(如损伤、碰撞、炎症等)损害,污染和化学刺激;防止伤口潮湿或过度干燥,预防伤口二度感染;极大地减少电解质及能量丢失,对伤口实行全面保护;能通过主动影响伤口愈合过程,创造促进伤口愈合的微环境。近年来壳聚糖作为现代医用敷料的应用受到高度重视,壳聚糖及其衍生物适合用于伤口敷料,具有低成本,使用方便,加速伤口愈合等作用。可以预见壳聚糖及其衍生物作为医用敷料有着巨大的潜力。     

骨科创伤中持续封闭负压引流的临床疗效分析

目的：探讨持续封闭负压引流在妇科创伤中的临床效果。方法：随机将笔者所在医院2009年12月-2011年12月收治的62例骨科创伤患者分成治疗组和对照组;对照组患者采用常规换药治疗,治疗组患者采用最新的VSD敷料治疗。结果：治疗组32例患者。22例（68．75％）治愈,10例（31．25％）显效,平均伤口愈合时间为（16．89±9．57）d,总有效率为100％;对照组30例患者中,12例（40％）治愈,11例（37％）显效,7例（23％）无效,平均伤口愈合时间为（22．13±15．32）d,总有效率为77％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论：临床对于骨科创伤患者采用持续封闭负压引流不仅清创良好,而且对创面的修复也具有重要的作用,值得临床推广应用。