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Background
Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm among Hispanic women. Cervical cancer has a higher incidence and mortality among Hispanic women compared with non-Hispanic White women. 相似文献3.
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Objective Current and comprehensive data on cancer incidence in US Latinos has been limited.
Methods Using a standardized approach to uniformly assign Hispanic/Latino race/ethnicity to cancer records, data from 15 central cancer
registries, representing more than 85% of the US Latino population, were included in the analysis. Average annual age-adjusted
incidence rates and standard errors were calculated for Hispanic, non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black males and females.
To compare cancer incidence among Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) also were calculated.
Results Latino populations had overall lower incidence for all cancers combined and the four leading cancers (breast, prostate, lung
and colorectal) than non-Hispanic populations, however, cancers of lesser impact in non-Hispanic populations (liver, gallbladder,
stomach, penis and cervix) were more commonly diagnosed among Latinos.
Conclusions Understanding the patterns of cancer incidence in this diverse racial/ethnic minority group can serve to both stimulate research
into the unique behaviors, exposures and genetics that drive cancer risk among Latinos and to direct prevention and control
efforts tailored to this population. 相似文献
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Background:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an infectious agent that has been associated with human cancer. We have updated the U.S. population sero-prevalence using a large National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) sample of adults from 2003 to 2010, and have analysed the associations between HPV seropositivity and self-reported history of cancer.Methods:
Four cross-sectional cycles (2003–2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, and 2009–2010) were used, for a total of 12 759 participants who had both cancer history and HPV serum information.Results:
The sero-prevalences of HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 were 15.0%, 4.8%, 11.5%, and 4.1%, respectively. Females had significantly higher HPV prevalence than males (P<0.05) for all subtypes. Positive associations between HPV 16/18 seropositivity and lifetime history of any cancer (adjusted odds ratio-ORadj=1.68; 95% CI: 1.35, 2.01), history of any of eight selected cancers (ORadj=2.63; 95% CI: 1.78, 3.90), lung cancer (ORadj=5.14; 95% CI: 1.29, 20.44), and cervical cancer (ORadj=2.55; 95% CI: 1.63, 3.98) were observed.Conclusions:
The finding of significant associations between HPV 16/18 seropositivity and lifetime history of cancer adds epidemiological evidence to the carcinogenicity potential of HPV 16 and 18 in other tissues. With increasing coverage of the HPV vaccine in the U.S., future NHANES data and sample collection may allow further detailed evaluation of the population impact of the HPV vaccination on cancer prevention. 相似文献8.
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T. Muto K. Kotake Y. Koyama 《International journal of clinical oncology / Japan Society of Clinical Oncology》2001,6(4):171-176
Japanese colorectal cancer statistics from 1974 to 1993 are reported, based on the accumulated data registered by the member
institutions of the Japan Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR). Both colon and rectal cancers were more prevalent
in men than in women. In both sexes, colonic cancers were more prevalent than rectal cancers, and a greater increasing trend
was seen in colonic cancers. Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma seemed to have increased in recent years. The resectability
and operative death rates improved slightly, but the ratio of stage I + II/III + IV cancers (both colonic and rectal) did
not change at all during the 20-year period reported. The yearly improved survival in both colonic and rectal cancers, particularly
in stages II and III, may well reflect improved surgical techniques.
Received: May 17, 2001 相似文献
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Sathiakumar N Delzell E Morrisey MA Falkson C Yong M Chia V Blackburn J Arora T Brill I Kilgore ML 《Breast cancer research and treatment》2012,131(1):231-238
The aim of the study is to quantify the impact of bone metastasis and skeletal-related events (SREs) on mortality in older
breast cancer patients. Using the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare database, we identified women
aged 65 years or older diagnosed with breast cancer between July 1, 1999 and December 31, 2005 and followed them to determine
deaths occurring through December 31, 2006. We classified patients as having possible bone metastasis and SREs using discharge
diagnoses from inpatient claims and diagnoses paired with procedure codes from outpatient claims. We used Cox regression to
estimate mortality hazards ratios (HR) among women with bone metastasis with or without SRE, compared with women without bone
metastasis. Among 98,260 women with breast cancer (median follow-up, 3.3 years), 7,189 (7.3%) had bone metastasis either at
breast cancer diagnosis (1.5%) or during follow-up (5.8%). SREs occurred in 3,319 (46%) of women with bone metastasis. HRs
for risk of death were 4.9 (95% CI 4.7–5.1) and 6.2 (95% CI 5.9–6.5), respectively, for women with bone metastasis but no
SRE and for women with bone metastasis plus SRE, compared with women without bone metastasis. In analyses restricted to women
with bone metastasis, the adjusted HR was 1.5 (95% CI 1.4–1.6) for women with bone metastasis plus SRE, compared with women
with bone metastasis but without SRE. Having a bone metastasis, as indicated by Medicare claims, was associated strongly with
mortality among women with breast cancer. This association was stronger for bone metastasis complicated by SRE than for bone
metastasis without SRE. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Cancer incidence and mortality rates both began to decline in the U. S. in the early 1990s. Recognizing the unprecedented potential benefits of accelerating this decline, the American Cancer Society (ACS) has set ambitious challenge goals for the American public for a 25% reduction in cancer incidence rates and a 50% reduction in cancer mortality rates by the year 2015. This analysis examined the feasibility of reaching those goals by estimating future changes in cancer rates that can result from past and future reductions in cancer risk factors. METHODS: Estimates for future declines in cancer risk factors in the U. S. under alternative scenarios were applied to conservative population-attributable risk estimates for cancer incidence and mortality rates in 1990 to estimate cancer rate trends in the year 2015. RESULTS: If the current trends toward a decline in the prevalence of cancer risk factors continue over the next decade, by the year 2015 one can expect a 13% decline in cancer incidence rates and a 21% decline in cancer mortality rates below their 1990 levels. With redoubled efforts to reduce the prevalence of known cancer risk factors further, by the year 2015 cancer incidence rates could be reduced by 19% and cancer mortality rates reduced by 29%. Such redoubled efforts would equate to approximately 100,000 cancer cases and 60,000 cancer deaths prevented each year by the year 2015. CONCLUSIONS: Past reductions in cancer risk factors in the U.S. population have led to recent declines in the rates of cancer incidence and mortality in the U.S. Redoubled efforts to act on current knowledge regarding how to prevent, detect, and treat cancer can result in attaining approximately 80% of the ACS challenge goal for cancer incidence rates and 60% of the ACS challenge goal for cancer mortality rates by the year 2015. New findings from cancer research are needed and will have to be applied quickly if the ACS challenge goals are to be met fully. 相似文献
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van Klaveren RJ de Koning HJ Mulshine J Hirsch FR 《Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2002,38(3):243-252
The purpose of this document is to provide recommendations for the selection of the optimal target population for lung cancer screening trials with Spiral Computer Tomography based on an analysis of risk factors and high-risk populations. Our recommendations are to include current or ex-smokers (<5 years) with a smoking history of at least 30 years and an average consumption of at least 20 cigarettes a day. When these selection criteria are applied there is no need for a lower age cut-off. Elderly people can be included as long as their life expectancy is more than 10 years. Participants should be fit enough to undergo thoracic surgery. They may have a history of previous cancer, provided that the cancer has been curatively treated at least 5 years ago without evidence of relapse, except for breast cancer, melanoma and hypernephroma. People with an inability to lie flat, who are unable to hold their breath for 20 s, with a body weight above 140 kg, a chest CT scan within 1 year before enrolment or a previous pneumonectomy should not be invited. The inadequacy of the unit 'Pack-Years' (PY) to estimate the individual lung cancer risk is recognised, and future initiatives to develop an appropriate lung cancer risk model are encouraged. 相似文献
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Amanda J Fogleman Georgia S Mueller Wiley D Jenkins 《American journal of cancer research》2015,5(7):2314-2319
Some studies have shown disproportionate cancer incidence burden in rural areas which may be attributable partly due to the use of ‘rural’ as a generic term implying homogeneity of risk/protective factors across wide geographic spans. Counties in SEER 18 registries (years 2001-2011) were classified by their Rural-Urban Continuum Code (RUCC) and aggregated into urban, adjacent rural, and non-adjacent rural and were also aggregated into 3 regions: North, South, and West. Two-way ANCOVA was performed with region and RUCC as factors with adjustment for rates of common risk factors obtained from the County Health Rankings (2013). RUCC has a significant effect on incidence rate in urban areas on breast (P =0.001) and prostate (P =0.009). Colorectal significantly varies by region (P<0.0001), and the effect of rurality significantly varies across regions with North highest (P=0.0005). Lung rates significantly vary across both region and RUCC (P<0.0001 and P=0.0001, respectively). The analysis shows that risk-adjusted cancer incidence varies significantly across regions. However, we also found that rural cancer incidence significantly varied across otherwise-similar rural areas implying that ‘rural’ is not a homogeneous classification. 相似文献
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Salvatore Vaccarella Freddie Bray 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2020,146(6):1499-1502
The currently high cancer incidence rates in the U.S. and other high-income countries have been strongly affected by the acquisition of environmental and lifestyle risk factors that accompanied socioeconomic growth in the second half of the last century. The very same factors are now operating in many low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) undergoing rapid socioeconomic transition. A parallel is drawn between the past cancer trends in the U.S. and those anticipated in LMIC transitioning towards higher levels of socioeconomic development. We expect to see a major upsurge in the (still low to intermediate) cancer incidence and mortality rates in LMIC over the next decades, which coupled with population aging and growth, would translate to a scale of individuals diagnosed with, living and dying from cancer unparalleled in history. On account of resource constraints and organizational limitations, prevention strategies need to be prioritized in LMIC. 相似文献
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Nikolaus Becker Erna Motsch Anke Trotter Claus P. Heussel Hendrik Dienemann Philipp A. Schnabel Hans-Ulrich Kauczor Sandra González Maldonado Anthony B. Miller Rudolf Kaaks Stefan Delorme 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2020,146(6):1503-1513
In 2011, the U.S. National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST) reported a 20% reduction of lung cancer mortality after regular screening by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), as compared to X-ray screening. The introduction of lung cancer screening programs in Europe awaits confirmation of these first findings from European trials that started in parallel with the NLST. The German Lung cancer Screening Intervention (LUSI) is a randomized trial among 4,052 long-term smokers, 50–69 years of age, recruited from the general population, comparing five annual rounds of LDCT screening (screening arm; n = 2,029 participants) with a control arm (n = 2,023) followed by annual postal questionnaire inquiries. Data on lung cancer incidence and mortality and vital status were collected from hospitals or office-based physicians, cancer registries, population registers and health offices. Over an average observation time of 8.8 years after randomization, the hazard ratio for lung cancer mortality was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.46–1.19; p = 0.21) among men and women combined. Modeling by sex, however showed a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality among women (HR = 0.31 [95% CI: 0.10–0.96], p = 0.04), but not among men (HR = 0.94 [95% CI: 0.54–1.61], p = 0.81) screened by LDCT (pheterogeneity = 0.09). Findings from LUSI are in line with those from other trials, including NLST, that suggest a stronger reduction of lung cancer mortality after LDCT screening among women as compared to men. This heterogeneity could be the result of different relative counts of lung tumor subtypes occurring in men and women. 相似文献
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Otani T Iwasaki M Ikeda S Kozu T Saito H Mutoh M Wakabayashi K Tsugane S 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》2006,17(10):1245-1252
Objective Most epidemiologic studies have shown serum triglycerides to be associated with colorectal adenoma. However, whether the association
can be modified by smoking is unknown. We cross-sectionally investigated the association of serum triglycerides with the risk
of adenoma by smoking status.
Methods We identified 782 newly diagnosed adenoma cases from the examinees of a colorectal cancer screening program. All cases were
diagnosed by a magnifying colonoscopy with dye spreading. We determined 738 controls without present illness or past history
of adenoma from among the examinees. They provided their lifestyle information and fasting blood samples to measure their
serum triglycerides. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of colorectal adenoma for serum triglycerides.
Results High serum triglycerides were associated with colorectal adenoma (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1–2.0 for the highest versus the lowest
quartile, P
trend, 0.030). A stronger association was observed between three or more adenoma cases and study controls (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3–4.2,
P
trend, < 0.0010). After classifying the study subjects by smoking status, a significant linear risk trend was found in ever-smokers
(P
trend, 0.0018) but not in never-smokers (P
trend, 0.94; P
interaction, 0.067).
Conclusions Our results suggested that a higher serum triglyceride level may be related to a larger number of adenomas. Adenoma development
involving an elevated serum triglyceride level may be modified by smoking. 相似文献
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Carlsson S Aus G Bergdahl S Khatami A Lodding P Stranne J Hugosson J 《European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)》2011,47(4):545-553