经皮切割球囊成形术治疗支架内再狭窄的研究

目的　研究切割球囊成形术对治疗支架内再狭窄的即刻和 6个月内随访效果。方法　 6 9例支架内再狭窄患者随机分配到切割球囊组 (38例 )和普通球囊治疗组 (31例 )。球囊扩张前及扩张后即刻在定量冠状动脉造影和冠状动脉内超声下 ,测定相关参数。观察随访 6个月内临床改善及冠状动脉造影结果。研究终点包括出现心肌梗死 ,需要冠状动脉搭桥或再介入治疗。结果　两组的手术成功率均为 10 0 %。切割球囊组 1例患者扩张后在支架的远端出现夹层。平均随访 (6 .7± 2 .3)个月。切割球囊组于术后 3和 6个月时的再狭窄率显著低于普通球囊组(15 %∶38%及 18%∶4 2 % ,P <0 .0 0 1)。扩张后即刻血管直径获得值在切割球囊组和普通球囊组分别为 (1.72±0 .5 2 )mm和 (1.15± 0 .5 4 )mm ,随访 3个月及随访终点时切割球囊组的血管直径晚期丢失分别为 (0 .2 6± 0 .0 5 )mm(3个月 )及 (0 .38± 0 .0 6 )mm ,同时的普通球囊组丢失值分别为 (0 .78± 0 .19)mm(3个月 )及 (0 .89± 0 .16 )mm。结论　切割球囊成形术治疗老年冠心病患者支架内狭窄效果可靠 ,安全 ,容易操作 ,再狭窄率低     

旋磨术与切割球囊在冠状动脉支架再狭窄治疗中的作用

目的比较旋磨术与切割球囊及常规球囊对冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的疗效。方法将416例单支冠状动脉病变支架内再狭窄患者分别用旋磨术、切割球囊与常规球囊进行扩张治疗,在治疗即刻及6个月时再次行冠状动脉造影并进行定量分析。结果(1)介入治疗前各组间支架内再狭窄情况无明显区别。(2)旋磨后即刻所获得的冠状动脉支架内最小血管直径(MLD)最大(2.67±0.55mm,P<0.05),切割球囊与常规球囊治疗组差异无统计学意义(2.51±0.65mm比2.53±0.65mm,P>0.05)。(3)6个月后旋磨治疗组的冠状动脉支架内MLD最小(1.52±0.91mm,P<0.05),切割球囊组大于常规球囊治疗组,但差异无统计学意义(1.96±0.74mm比1.75±0.83mm,P>0.05)。旋磨术与切割球囊及常规球囊治疗组支架内血管直径狭窄率分别为54.78%,38.31%及46.50%。(4)旋磨治疗组后期血管丢失量最大(P<0.05),切割球囊组明显低于常规球囊治疗组(P<0.05)。结论旋磨术对冠状动脉支架内再狭窄即刻疗效显著,但远期疗效仍以经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)最佳。     

切割球囊对吻扩张与支架术治疗分叉病变的比较研究

目的　探讨切割球囊与普通球囊对吻扩张治疗分叉病变的疗效及安全性。方法　 34例真性分叉病变患者被分配到切割球囊对吻组 (13例 )和支架组 (2 1例 )。术前及术后即刻行冠状动脉内超声检查 ,测定血管最小内径 ,血管外弹力膜面积 ,血管腔面积 ,斑块面积 ,直径和面积狭窄百分比。结果　与支架组相比 ,切割球囊组病变以前降支 (LAD)和第一对角支 (D1) (4 3 5 %vs 2 8 9% ,P<0 0 1)处多见 ,右冠状动脉 (RCA)和后降支处 (PDA)少见 (12 1%vs 35 0 % ,P =0 0 1)。切割球囊组患者左心室射血分数比支架组低 (5 7 6 %vs 6 7 6 % ,P =0 0 2 )。支架组患者中 14例共 2 8个支架同时置入主干和分支内 ,仅在主干或分支一侧血管内植入支架 7例 ,最大扩张压力为 14 18 5 5kPa,2 0例患者接受IVUS检查 ,主干血管内最终残余狭窄为 2 3 6 %。切割球囊组 10例患者先在主干和分支内进行切割球囊交替扩张 ,3例患者只在主干内行切割球囊扩张 ,最后对吻扩张时的平均压力为 810 6kPa ,13例患者全部接受IVUS检查 ,IVUS测定主干血管内最终残余狭窄为 10 8%。切割球囊组与支架组扩张前即刻血管腔截面积分别为 (2 31± 1 2 0 )mm2 和 (2 36± 1 2 3)mm2 ,扩张后分别为 (6 4 2±1 0 1)mm2 和 (6 5 1± 1 0 7)mm2 ;两组扩张后     

冠状动脉内放射治疗对支架内再狭窄的作用

目的　研究应用β射线 (90 Sr/90 y)进行冠状动脉内放射治疗对国人支架内再狭窄的作用。方法　自 1 999年 1 2月至 2 0 0 2年 1月 ,我院对 5 3例患者 [男 4 9例 ,女 4例 ,平均年龄 (5 3 2± 9 8)岁 ]5 5处支架内再狭窄病变 (支架直径≥ 2 5mm ,1 0mm≤病变长度≤ 30mm) ,在球囊 (1 0处病变用普通球囊 ,4 5处病变用切割球囊 )满意扩张后 ,应用Beta Cath系统 (Novoste)进行冠状动脉内放射治疗。放射源长度 4 0mm。术后 8个月随访冠状动脉造影 ,用MEDCONViewer软件包进行定量冠状动脉造影 (QCA)分析。结果　 5 3例患者 5 5处支架内再狭窄病变均被满意扩张 ,冠状动脉内放射治疗全部成功 ,术中并发冠状动脉痉挛 1例 (1 8%) ,无其他并发症。全部患者随访期中无死亡 ,随访≥ 8个月 33例患者中 1例 (3 0 %)发生非Q波心肌梗死 ,6例 (1 8 2 %)进行靶血管重建术。该 33例患者中 2 9例(87 9%) 30处病变进行了随访冠状动脉造影 ,再狭窄率在支架段为 1 0 0 %(3/30 ) ,分析段为 2 3 3 %(7/30 )。最小管径直径术前为 (0 41± 0 2 2 )mm ,术后即刻为 (1 99± 0 42 )mm ,8个月随访时为 (1 73± 0 82 )mm ,平均病变长度为 (2 3 3± 5 4)mm。全部患者无晚期血栓形成、假性动脉瘤及冠状动脉瘤发生。结论　应用90 Sr     

冠状动脉支架内再狭窄切割球囊成形术在老年患者中的应用

目的观察冠状动脉支架内再狭窄切割球囊成形术在老年冠脉支架术后再狭窄中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析60例老年冠脉支架术后再狭窄患者临床资料,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组30例,对照组行普通球囊血管成形术,观察组行切割球囊成形术,对比两组球囊扩张后即刻弹性回缩率、血管最小直径和狭窄程度、管腔丢失和再狭窄发生。结果两组均成功顺利完成球囊血管成形术,手术成功率为100.00%,观察组球囊扩张后即刻弹性回缩率〔(6.28±2.65)%〕明显小于对照组〔(20.08±12.56)%〕(P0.05);观察组术后即刻、随访各时刻血管最小直径均明显大于对照组,血管狭窄程度均明显小于对照组(P0.05);观察组随访3、6、12个月管腔直径丢失明显小于对照组(P0.05);观察组再狭窄率(16.67%)明显低于对照组(40.00%)(P0.05)。结论冠状动脉支架内再狭窄老年患者行切割球囊成形术手术成功率高,术后即刻弹性回缩率低,血管扩张效果明确,再狭窄率低,可作为首选的球囊扩张方案之一。     

切割的球囊预扩张对支架置入后再狭窄的影响

目的 :探讨切割的球囊预扩张对支架内再狭窄的影响。方法 :86例Multilinkstent置入患者 ,按预扩张所用球囊不同 ,分为切割的球囊血管成形术 (CBA)组和单纯球囊血管成形术 (POBA)组 ,比较两组支架置入后即刻及远期血管造影随访结果。结果 :治疗后即刻及追踪造影结果显示 ,两组在最小血管径 (MLD)、狭窄度(DS)、晚期内径丢失方面无明显差别 ,内径丢失指数CBA组 (0 .2 8± 0 .15 )较POBA组 (0 .4 2± 0 .2 8)为低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,再狭窄率CBA组为 15 .4 % ,POBA组为 2 5 .0 % ,CBA组呈低的倾向。结论 :CBA预扩张有可能对支架内再狭窄产生有益影响 ,值得进一步探讨     

切割球囊对冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的近期及远期疗效

目的　比较切割球囊成形术 (CBA)与普通球囊成形术 (POBA) ,对支架内再狭窄病变的近、远期血管造影结果 ,评价CBA对支架内再狭窄病变的有效性。方法　 16 6例支架内再狭窄PTCA病人 ,按所用球囊不同 ,分为CBA组 (98例 ) ,POBA组 (6 8例 ) ,分别比较术后即刻及远期定量冠脉造影最小血管径 (MLD)、狭窄度及再狭窄率。结果　术后即刻MLD及狭窄度两组差别无显著性 ,CBA组最大扩张压明显为低 [(8 3± 0 9)atm比 (14 7± 4 6 )atm ,P <0 0 5 ]。追踪造影结果 ,CBA组MLD明显大于POBA组 [(1 7± 0 5 )mm比 (1 4± 0 5 )mm ,P <0 0 5 ]、狭窄度明显小于POBA组 [(36± 13) %比(46± 15 ) %,P <0 0 1],再狭窄率低于POBA组 (2 6 1%比 4 0 3%,P <0 0 5 )。结论　CBA的低压扩张效果在支架内再狭窄病变亦是有效的 ,并且获得了较POBA低的再狭窄率 ,值得进一步探讨总结。     

后退式旋切导管对冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的治疗

目的 :评价后退式旋切导管 (PAC)治疗冠状动脉支架内再狭窄病变的有效性和安全性以及其即刻和近期定量冠状动脉造影结果。方法 :17例支架内再狭窄病变采用PAC治疗 ,应用定量冠状动脉造影评价即刻和近期疗效 ,并与同期的 38例首次介入治疗病变进行比较。结果 :支架内再狭窄组与首次介入治疗组相比PAC器械成功率分别为 10 0 %∶92 %、即刻造影残余狭窄率为 (36± 10 ) %∶(35± 15 ) %、斑块组织获取率为 94 %∶94 % ,两组差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。PAC所产生的血管腔直径增益为 (0 .78± 0 .6 6 )mm ,略低于首次介入治疗者〔(0 .97± 0 .5 5 )mm〕。PAC造成的主要并发症包括原置入支架带出 2例 ,血管内膜撕裂 3例。 6个月随访造影血管腔直径丢失指数为 0 .4 6± 0 .4 5 ,略低于首次介入治疗组 (0 .5 7± 1.13)。造影再狭窄率为 2 9% ,与首次介入治疗组相近 (2 6 % )。结论 :PAC能有效地用于冠状动脉支架内再狭窄病变的处理 ,具有较理想的即刻和近期有效率。     

切割球囊冠状动脉腔内成形术102例

目的　应用切割球囊行冠状动脉腔内成形术并对其疗效进行评价。方法　对 10 2例冠心病患者的 116处病变行切割球囊扩张治疗 ,对其进行分析 ,并短期随访。结果　 116处病变血管直接切割球囊扩张治疗 ,成功率 94 %,结合普通小球囊预扩张后其成功率为 97%。 16例支架内再狭窄均扩张成功。 116处病变切割球囊扩张后安放支架 72个 (支架安放率 6 2 %) ,4 4例单纯行切割球囊扩张术者残余狭窄为 0～ 2 0 %[平均为 (11 6± 5 9) %]。 1例患者术后出现心包填塞 ,1例发生严重内膜撕裂。无急性闭塞、急诊冠状动脉旁路移植手术及急性心肌梗死发生。随访 1～ 2 0月 (平均 11 2月 ) ,10 (9 8%)例患者于术后出现心绞痛。其他患者随访期间无心脏事件发生。 12例病人复查冠脉造影 ,其中 3例发生再狭窄。结论　切割球囊行冠状动脉腔内成形术安全、有效 ,短期疗效良好。     

联合应用切割球囊与放射治疗对冠脉支架内再狭窄的作用

目的 :探讨联合应用切割球囊及β射线 （1 66Ho）冠脉内放射治疗对支架内再狭窄的作用。方法 :对 2 0 0 1- 0 1～2 0 0 2 - 0 3韩国亚洲大学医院心脏中心完成的 6 0例支架内再狭窄的患者 ,全部使用切割球囊预扩张 ,满意扩张后使用充满液态 1 66Ho的长球囊 （30～ 40 mm ）进行冠脉内放射治疗。术后随访主要临床不良事件 ,并于术后 8个月行冠状动脉造影 ,用 MEDCON Viewer软件包进行定量冠状动脉造影 （QCA）分析。结果 :6 0例患者 6 5处支架内再狭窄病变均被满意扩张 ,血管内放射治疗全部成功 ,无撕裂、血栓形成等并发症。随访 8个月 ,无 1例死亡。 5例 （8.3%）于术后 3个月出现心绞痛行靶病变血管重建术 ,其余 5 5例患者均于术后 8个月行冠状动脉造影 ,4例于支架内发生再狭窄 （7.3%） ,6例于支架边缘发生再狭窄 （10 .9%） ,全部患者无晚期血栓形成、假性动脉瘤及冠状动脉瘤发生。病变长度为 2 5 .1± 4.7mm。晚期管腔丧失为 0 .19± 0 .6 8mm。最小管腔直径术前为 0 .38± 0 .2 6 mm ,术后即刻为 2 .0 8± 0 .36 m m ,8个月随访时为 1.82± 0 .76 mm。结论 :联合应用切割球囊及β射线 （1 66Ho）冠脉内放射治疗对支架内再狭窄是有效及安全的 ,可在临床推广应用。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.