招飞体检中眩光失能测试的初步探讨

目的 探讨招飞体检中,受检人群的眩光失能水平。方法 采用ＭＧＴ－１型多功能眩光视觉检测仪,在目标亮度分别为明视和暮视条件下,测定７９名招飞对象的对比敏感度函数（ＣＳＦ）和眩光失能（ＧＤ）。结果 ＣＳＦ测量表明,受试者具有良好的视觉通道特性,峰值位于１．２￣２．４周／度处。ＧＤ在明视条件下,均值为９．４％（全距０．９％￣２１．７％）,暮视ＧＤ明显高于明视,均值为３６．５％（全距２６．４％￣４９．１％     

舰载机飞行员长航后眩光失能状况的观察

为了了解舰载机飞行员长航后眩光失能状况,笔者对10名参加长航任务的舰载机飞行员进行了明视和暮视环境中眩光失能状况的检测,并将检测结果与既往未参加过长航任务的海军飞行员的情况进行了对照和分析. 一、对象与方法 1.对象:观察组为10名参加长航任务返航后的舰载机飞行员,均为男性,年龄34～45岁,平均41.1岁;总飞行时间1100～2600 h,平均2000 h;裸眼常规视力4.9～5.2,平均5.1.对照组为10名在疗养院疗养的海军飞行员,均为男性,年龄27～42岁,平均35.2岁;总飞行时间400～3800 h,平均2020 h;裸眼常规视力5.0～5.2,平均5.1.     

M-3动作时颈内动脉血流动力学的变化

目的探讨Ｍ－３动作对颈内动脉血流动力学的影响及意义。方法应用彩色多普勒血流显像测量了３２名飞行员在＋１ＧＺ条件下实施Ｍ－３动作时颈内动脉收缩期峰１流速（ＶＳ１）、收缩期峰２流速（ＶＳ２）、舒张期峰流速（ＶＤ）、舒张末期速度（Ｖｄ）、平均血流速度（Ｖｍ）、脑血流量（ＣＢＦ）、心率（ＨＲ）、阻力指数（ＲＩ）和搏动指数（ＰＩ）等参数。结果ＶＳ２、ＶＤ、Ｖｍ和ＣＢＦ较平静时分别提高２３％、３１％、２４％和２５％，ＲＩ和ＰＩ分别降低８％和２４％。Ｖｍ与ＣＢＦ相关性好（ｒ＝０．７２，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＶＳ１、Ｖｄ和ＨＲ与平静时比较无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论Ｍ－３动作主要影响并增大ＶＳ２、ＶＤ和Ｖｍ，降低脑血管阻力，维持脑供血。     

151例飞行员频域心电图分析

为正常人频域心电图（ＦＣＧ）的诊断标准是否适合飞行员。采用香港ＨＢＤ－ⅡＡ仪检测了１５１例男性飞行员的频域心电电图，年龄为２２－４７岁，平均３０±６岁。结果表明：下沉人ＦＣＧ各函数图形特征和飞行员一致，各谱峰幅值和比例也基本一致。说明正常ＦＣＧ的诊断标准适用飞行员，所得结果各项数值可用于飞行员的选拔和地面训练时实时医学监督。     

人正常骨髓CD34~ 造血细胞体外扩增形成红系及混合系造血祖细胞的能力

根据阳性选择策略，采用ＣＩＭＳ－１００免疫磁性无菌分离系统富集人正常骨髓ＣＤ３４＋造血细胞，然后将其在含Ｅｐｏ＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ＋ＩＬ－３＋ＩＬ－６＋ＳＣＦ（简ＥＧＩＳ）组合造血生长因子的无基质液培体系中扩增４周，定期进行单个核细胞计数、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ及ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ的培养。经ＦＡＣＳ鉴定所富集的ＣＤ３４＋造血细胞纯度平均＞９０％。人正常骨髓ＣＤ３４＋造血细胞在该条件下均可持续产生大量单个核细胞，最高可扩增１７７０倍。与ＨＰＰ－ＣＦＣ和ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ相反，ＢＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ扩增量较低，最高仅为２．３６和２．４倍，且仅在第１周出现，随后迅速减少至停止。     

吡啶-2,6(1H,3H)二酮生物碱对血小板聚集及血栓素B_2和6-酮-前列腺素_(Iα)的影响

观测ＳＨ１对ＡＤＰ，ＡＡ，Ｃｏｌａｇｅｎ诱导的兔血小板聚集及ＴＸＢ２和６－ｋｅＴＯ－ＰＧＦＩα生成的影响。用比浊法测定了透骨草提取的单体生物碱结晶ＳＨ１体外对兔血小板聚集的影响，用放免法测定ＴＸＢ２和６－ｋｅＴＯ－ＰＧＦＩα的含量。结果：ＳＨ１０．８～３．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内明显抑制ＡＡ，ＡＤＰ，Ｃｏｌａｇｅｎ诱导的兔血小板聚集。ＳＨ１对三种诱导剂的最大抑制率分别为６２．１６％，４５．２５％，５３．６７％。大剂量组明显加快ＡＤＰ诱导的血小板聚集后的解聚速度，ＳＨ１显著延长Ｃｏｌａｇｅｎ的诱导起聚时间。其抑制作用有明显的量效关系，对ＡＡ诱导的ＴＸＢ２产生明显抑制作用，可使６－ｋｅＴＯ－ＰＧＦＩα的含量略有增加，但６－ｋｅＴＯ－ＰＧＦＩα／ＴＸＢ２比值显著增大     

~(60)Coγ射线分次照射对犬血浆和红细胞膜8-表氧-PGF_(2α)含量的影响

观察犬放射损伤时血浆与红细胞膜８－表氧－前列腺素Ｆ２α（８－表氧－ＰＧＦ２α）含量的改变，并与丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）比较，探讨测定８－表氧－ＰＧＦ２α对了解脂质过氧化反应的价值以及ＳＯＤ对其的影响。方法用６０Ｃｏγ射线照射１８只成年杂种犬，实验分低剂量ＳＯＤ组，高剂量ＳＯＤ组及对照组，每组６只，吸收剂量率为０．６Ｇｙ／ｄ，共５天，计３．０Ｇｙ。测定照射前、照射过程中及照射后血浆与红细胞膜８－表氧－ＰＧＦ２α及ＭＤＡ含量。结果在６０Ｃｏγ射线照射期间，犬血浆８－表氧－ＰＧＦ２α含量显著升高，结束照射后逐渐下降，但红细胞膜含量增加幅度更大，并于照射结束后第２天达高峰，然后开始下降；ＳＯＤ对其升高有显著的抑制作用。血浆与红细胞膜ＭＤＡ含量均无显著性改变。结论８－表氧－ＰＧＦ２α可作为观察放射损伤时脂质过氧化反应的一个新的较敏感的指标。     

重离子辐射对体外支气管上皮细胞的失活效应

目的观察Ｌｉ、Ｃ、Ｆ三种重离子辐射诱发的细胞失活效应。方法用中国原子能科学院核物理研究所的ＨＩ１３串列加速器产生的Ｌｉ（Ｚ＝３,ＬＥＴ＝１００ｋｅＶ／μｍ）、Ｃ（Ｚ＝６,ＬＥＴ＝３００ｋｅＶ／μｍ）、Ｆ（Ｚ＝９,ＬＥＴ＝１０００ｋｅＶ／μｍ）三种离子束以０．５～６．０Ｇｙ剂量设计值照射人支气管上皮细胞系（ＢＥＡＳ－２Ｂ）,以１０００个细胞／瓶接种,计算存活分数。结果三种重离子照射细胞后的细胞存活分数与照射剂量呈指数负相关关系,存活分数（ＳＦ,无量纲）与剂量（Ｄ,Ｇｙ）关系的拟合方程分别为Ｓ＝ＥＸＰ（－Ｄ／１．２８）（Ｌｉ）,Ｓ＝ＥＸＰ（－Ｄ／１．１８）（Ｃ）,Ｓ＝ＥＸＰ（－Ｄ／２．０９）（Ｆ）;辐射敏感参数Ｄ０为１．２８、１．１８、２．０９Ｇｙ,呈单击单靶模型。以６０Ｃｏγ射线的Ｄ０为参比,Ｌｉ、Ｃ及Ｆ离子的相对生物效应值相继是２．５４、２．６７和１．５５。失活截面（σｉ）分别为１２．５、４０．６、７６．５μｍ２。结论Ｌｉ、Ｃ、Ｆ对体外细胞的失活效应大于６０Ｃｏγ射线,细胞失活至少需要一次以上的离子打击。     

CFA—I重组克隆定居因子菌毛抗原的纯化及形态学观察

用基因重组技术获得的高效表达肠毒素大肠杆菌定居因子抗原Ⅰ（ＣＦＡ／Ⅰ）的重组克隆，通过匀浆破碎、硫酸铵分级盐析部分纯化，再经超速离心及ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ５０柱层析，得到了ＣＦＡ／Ⅰ的纯化样品，得率约为０．９ｍｇ／ｇ湿菌。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）显示一条蛋白质带，其分子量为１５ｋＤａ，与天然ＣＦＡ／Ⅰ相同。免疫扩散和蛋白质印迹试验证明，纯化的重组克隆ＣＦＡ／Ⅰ与天然ＣＦＡ／     

军事飞行员对比敏感度的分布特征

目的 探讨军事飞行员对比敏感度(CS)检查的结果分布特征.方法 应用美国Vector Vision公司生产的CSV-1000对比敏感度仪检查空军飞行员73例(146眼)明视、暗视和暗视眩光条件下不同空间频率(3、6、12、18cpd)的CS,分别对性别、眼别、机种不同空间频率的CS结果进行比较.结果 飞行员CS在中频区(6cpd)最高.左右眼比较、歼击机与运输机飞行员比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).明视、暗视、暗视眩光CS依次呈下降趋势,除低频(3cpd)和高频(18cpd)暗视和暗视眩光比较差异无统计学意义,其他情况均有统计学差异(P＜0.05).女飞行员CS在多个频段均好于男飞行员,仅明视12cpd和18cpd差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论本调查客观反映了军事飞行员CS的分布特征,为临床航空医学研究提供了较可靠的数据.     

Using a human visual system model to optimize soft-copy mammography display: influence of veiling glare

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This project evaluated human observer performance and that of a human visual system model (JNDmetrix) to assess whether the veiling glare of a digital display influences observer performance during soft-copy interpretation of mammographic images for the detection of masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A set of 160 mammographic images, half containing a single mass, was processed to simulate four levels of veiling glare: none, comparable to a medical grade monochrome curved-screen cathode ray tube (CRT) display, double that of the CRT and quadruple that of the CRT. The images were shown to six observers in a randomized presentation order on a liquid crystal display (LCD) that had essentially no veiling glare. The images were also analyzed using the JNDmetrix human visual system model. RESULTS: Observer performance as measured using receiver operating characteristic techniques declined with increasing veiling glare (F = 6.884, P = .0035), with quadruple veiling glare yielding significantly lower performance than the lower veiling glare levels. The JNDmetrix model did not show a large reduction in performance as a function of veiling glare, and correlation with the human observer data was modest (0.588). CONCLUSIONS: Soft-copy display veiling glare can influence observer performance, but only at extreme levels. The impact of veiling glare on performance may be more pronounced for less experienced readers.     

图形视觉诱发电位在豚鼠眩光致盲激光能量密度阈值检测中的作用

目的 利用图形视觉诱发电位(PVEP)测定导致豚鼠眩光致盲的激光能量密度阈值.方法 健康成年雄性豚鼠27只,均在颅骨前囟前6mm、后10mm分别钻孔,植入长5mm、直径1.2mm的不锈钢螺钉,分别作为测量PVEP的参考电极和记录电极.根据实验选择的激光器波长不同(分别为635、660、690nm)将豚鼠随机分为3个组,每组9只(18眼),分别在照射前、照射后即刻记录PVEP,如激光照射引发眩光致盲,则在照射后2d和4d继续记录PVEP.将照射前测量PVEP的P波潜伏期和振幅作为正常对照值.激光照射后立即记录PVEP,记录不到PVEP波形时则将此时对应的电流作为该波长激光引起眩光致盲的阈值电流,计算对应功率(P)值,绘制电流-能量(p-I)曲线,计算各波长激光引起眩光致盲所需的能量密度阈值.将照射后2d和4d记录的PVEP的P波潜伏期和振幅与正常对照值比较,检验豚鼠视觉功能恢复的情况.结果 波长为635、660、690nm的激光器眩光致盲能量密度阈值分别为356.36×10-9、349.58×10-9、343.93×10-9J/cm2.三组中发生眩光致盲的豚鼠在2d后PVEP中P波潜伏期与其正常对照值比较差异均无统计学意义(t=- 0.356,P=0.729; t=0.492,P=0.633; t=- 0.445,P=0.666),振幅与正常对照值比较差异有统计学意义(t=1 1.01,P=0.000;t=5.223,P=0.000; t=5.702,P=0.000),4d后再次测量PVEP,三组P波潜伏期和振幅与其正常对照值比较差异均无统计学意义(潜伏期:t=1.329,P=0.213; t=2.040,P=0.069; t=-0.894,P=0.392;振幅:t=-3.030,P=0.768; t=0.194,P=0.850; t=-0.948,P=0.365).结论 635、660、690nm波长激光的眩光致盲能量密度阈值约350×10-9J/cm2.在测定激光造成眩光致盲的能量密度阈值时,PVEP可作为较好的检测指标且不会造成眼底器质性损伤.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.