7天头低位卧床对人体心肺循环功能的影响

为了解模拟失重对心肺循环功能的影响采用ＸＸＨ－２０００型小循环心功能检测仪，观察了６名健康男性青年在头低位－６°卧床７ｄ中右胸电导纳容积波图的变化。卧床啵循环心功能参数的主要变化是：卧床初期Ｑ－ｊ、Ｑ－ｊ／ｊ－ｚ降低，ｈｚ、ｈｃ、ｈｃ／ｈｚ升高；２４ｈ后ｊ－ｚ缩短，Ｑ－ｊ／ｊ－ｚ升高。提示卧床初期出现肺动脉压升高、左心前负荷、右心前负荷和心肌收缩力增加，肺静脉充血；第３ｄ后有右心收缩功能下降。在头     

卧床模拟失重对人体急性缺氧耐力的影响

为探讨卧床模拟失重对机体缺氧耐力的影响，对６名受试者，头低位４°卧床（－４°ＨＤＢＲ）７ｄ，检查了卧床前后缺氧耐力和立位耐力，记录了ＥＣＧ、ＢＰ及ＨＲ的变化。结果表明：－４°ＨＤＢＲ模拟失重降低了机体的缺氧耐力；缺氧耐力与心血管失调间有很好的相关性。     

加压套带对抗头低位卧床模拟失重生理影响的作用

为研究四肢加压套带在对抗失重对心血管系统影响中的作用，１２名受试者随机分为对照组和套带组，进行了１０ｄ头低位卧床实验。卧床中套带组四肢使用持续加压套带１２ｈ／ｄ，对照组涂任何对措施，卧床前后检测立位耐力。结果显示：卧床前１人全部通过立位耐力试验；卧床后，套带组６人中通过５人，对照组６人仅通过１人；提示：套带加压能有效阻止头低位卧床模拟失重产生的立位耐力下降。     

头低位卧床7天中脑循环功能的变化

为观察短期头低位卧床前、中、后脑循环的变化，进一步了解模拟失重对脑循环及其调节功能的影响。６名健康青年男性被试者，头低位－６°卧床７ｄ。脑循环观察采用ＴＣ２０００ＴＣＤ仪，分别检测头低位卧床前、中、后双侧脑中动脉血流速度。结果表明：头低位卧床期间双侧脑中动脉血流速度均呈升高趋势，２４ｈ内升高明显，４ｈ达最高值，第５ｄ呈最低值，第６～７ｄ又有升高趋势；双侧脑中动脉血流速度基本趋势相同，但存在部分差异。     

下体负压对抗21d头低位卧床后立位耐力不良的研究

目的观察ＬＢＮＰ对２１ｄＨＤＴ－６°卧床模拟失重所致立位耐力不良的对抗效果。方法１２名健康男性青年志愿者,进行２１ｄＨＤＴ－６°卧床实验。随机分为对照组和下体负压组,每组６人。与对照组不同,下体负压组在最后一周,每天进行１ｈ、－４．０ｋＰａ的下体负压锻炼。结果卧床前,１２名受试者顺利通过７５°、２０ｍｉｎ立位耐力检查。卧床第１０ｄ立位耐力检查时,对照组有５人、ＬＢＮＰ组有４人出现晕厥前或晕厥症状,两组平均耐受时间均低于卧床前（Ｐ＜０．０５）;第２１ｄ时,对照组有５人未通过,平均耐受时间较卧床前显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;而ＬＢＮＰ组有１人未通过,平均耐受时间显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论２１ｄ头低位卧床后立位耐力显著降低。下体负压能够有效对抗头低位卧床导致的立位耐力降低。     

低氧、气功对抗模拟失重后立位中心脏节律变化的观察

目的探讨新的对抗失重措施。方法１５名、年龄１９～２２岁的健康男性青年为被试者。头低位－６°卧床（－６°ＨＤＢＲ）模拟失重,持续２１ｄ。实验分对照组（单纯卧床）、低氧组（卧床＋低氧）和气功组（卧床＋气功）。低氧组卧床期间每人每天吸两次低氧,每次２０ｍｉｎ。气功组卧床中每天练功三次,每次４５ｍｉｎ。三组卧床前、后进行２０ｍｉｎ＋７５°的立位实验。结果三组被试者在卧床前立位中的心电图未发生明显变化,心律正常。卧床２１ｄ后立位实验中对照组２人出现房性和窦性心律紊乱;气功组２人出现结性心律紊乱。低氧组所有人均未发生心律紊乱。结论低氧对抗卧床后立位耐立降低效果较好。     

21天头低位-6°卧床对胃电图参数影响的观察

为研究模拟失重因素对胃运动功能的影响，头低位－６°卧床条件下，观察被试者胃电图参数的变化。１５名男性青年自愿被试者平躺于－６°床上，卧床２１ｄ。用便携式胃电图机测定进餐前后的胃电图，并分析功率谱。结果表明，头低位－６°卧床初期，被试者出现不同程度的腹胀、腹痛和食欲差的感觉；卧床后体重显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。在卧床８ｄ以后胃电图胃动过缓（＜２．４ｃｐｍ）的百分数明显增加，胃动过缓节律百分数餐前与餐后有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；胃动过缓节律的动力学系数显著降低，随卧床时间延长，胃电胃动过缓节律增多，这提示２１ｄ模拟失重因素明显地影响胃运动功能。     

24h头低位卧床对心血管功能及立位应激反应的影响

目的 观察２４ｈ头低位卧床对心血管系统功能和头高位倾斜心血管反应变化的影响。方法健康男性学员６名,年龄２２～２３岁,进行了２４ｈ头低位卧床实验,卧床期间用阻法测量了心脏泵血功能指标,并观测了卧床前后头高位倾斜时的心血管反应和卧床期间尿量的变化。结果 在卧床期间受试者心率较卧床前（立位）显著减慢,第６、１２、１８ｈ的心率较卧床开始时（０ｈ）显著降低。ＳＶ和ＳＩ在卧床０、６、１２和２４ｈ较卧床前显著增     

中药复方对卧床模拟失重引起"血淤"的对抗效果

目的观察中药对卧床模拟失重引起血淤证改善的效果。方法１０名被试者随机分为中药组和对照组。两组均头低位－６°卧床７ｄ,中药组卧床中服中药复方,对照组服安慰剂。结果中药组的血淤证较对照组有明显减轻,某些生理指标维持卧床前状态,即血压平稳;心功能（每搏量、心肌收缩力、每搏功指数等）、尿量,与卧床前比较基本保持不变,而对照组比中药组血淤证较重。结论提示中医药可能成为防治短期航天失重时对机体影响的的一种选择措施     

21天头低位卧床期间脑血流的变化及其与立位耐力的关系

目的建立３周头低位倾斜（ＨＤＴ）－６°人体实验模型，观察卧床模拟失重期间脑血流变化及其与立位耐力的关系。方法６名健康男性志愿者进行了２１天ＨＤＴ－６°卧床试验。受试者年龄２３．８±６．１岁。ＨＤＴ前、ＨＤＴ第１０天及卧床结束时进行了３次立位耐力检查。ＨＤＴ前、ＨＤＴ第３天、第１０天、第２１天用ＫＹＥＮＧ－Ⅰ导纳式双侧脑血流自动检测仪测量脑血流量。结果卧床第１０天和卧床结束时，受试者立位耐力平均立位时间比卧床前显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。卧床期间，左右侧大脑血流主峰高度和Ⅰ相面积较卧床前显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）；卧床第３天和第２１天的左侧大脑阻力指数较卧床前显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０５），卧床第１０天、第２１天的左侧大脑血液流入时间较卧床前显著延长（Ｐ＜０．０５），卧床期间左侧大脑血液流入速度比卧床前显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）；卧床期间受试者左侧大脑Ⅰ相面积、左侧主峰高度、左侧大脑血液流入速度均和立位耐力时间呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论２１天头低位卧床使立位耐力显著降低；ＨＤＴ卧床期间，脑血管阻力增加，脑血流量减少，可能是导致立位耐力降低的原因之一。     

21天头低位(-6°)卧床前后下体负压和头高位倾斜暴露时的心血管反应

目的探讨２１天头低位（ＨＤＴ）卧床对人体立位应激下心血管反应的影响,以及比较下体负压（ＬＢＮＰ）和头高位倾斜（ＨＵＴ）两种立位应激下心血管反应的差异。方法６名受试者在２１天ＨＤＴ前、后分别进行ＬＢＮＰ（－４．００ｋＰａ／３ｍｉｎ、－６．６７ｋＰａ／３ｍｉｎ及－９．３３ｋＰａ／３ｍｉｎ）和ＨＵＴ试验（３０°／３ｍｉｎ、４５°／３ｍｉｎ、６０°／３ｍｉｎ及７５°／３ｍｉｎ）,以比较两种检测方法的血压（ＢＰ）和心率（ＨＲ）的变化情况。结果与ＬＢＮＰ（或ＨＵＴ）前相比：①ＬＢＮＰ（ＨＵＴ）时ＨＲ显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＳＢＰ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;卧床后相应的变化量增加。②ＬＢＮＰ时ＤＢＰ降低（卧床后达显著,Ｐ＜０．０５）;而ＨＵＴ时ＤＢＰ增加（卧床后达显著,Ｐ＜０．０５）。③ＬＢＮＰ时ＭＡＰ均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;而ＨＵＴ时在卧床前无变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）,在卧床后显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＬＢＮＰ和ＨＵＴ引起的ＣＶＳ反应并不相同。笔者认为,ＨＵＴ更能促进心血管系统对立位应激的调节作用。     

21d头低位卧床期间脑底动脉血流动力学的变化

目的观察21d头低位卧床期间脑底动脉血流动力学的变化。方法6名健康男性志愿者,年龄24.8±6.1岁,进行了21dHDT-6°卧床试验。HDT前、HDT第10天及卧床结束时进行了3次立位耐力检查。HDT前(坐位)、HDT即刻(D0)、第1、3、7、10、21天用经颅超声多普勒(TCD)测量了双侧大脑前(ACA)、中(MCA)、后动脉(PCA)的血流动力学指标。结果卧床第10天和卧床结束时,受试者立位耐力比卧床前显著降低(P<0.05）。卧床第3天和第21天的右侧MCA的V     

中药复方对模拟失重兔血流变特性及循环系统的调节作用

目的研究中药复方对模拟失重兔血流变及循环系统的调节作用,为防护失重对心血管功能的不良影响提供依据。方法用兔头低位(-20°)倾斜9d模拟失重,观察中药复方对兔血液流变学、血脂指标及立位耐力的影响。结果兔模拟失重后红细胞压积减少,红细胞变形能力明显下降,纤维蛋白原含量有增加趋势;胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白明显增加,甘油三脂有轻度增高趋势。中药复方对血液流变学指标改善不明显,但有降低甘油三脂的趋势,对胆固醇的增加也有抑制的趋势。在负压-立位实验过程中,对照组兔模拟失重后立位耐受时间减少,中止实验前出现了ST段下移、T波倒置及心律紊乱等明显的心肌缺血性改变;而中药组兔心率平稳,心电图缺血性改变不明显,立位耐受时间增加。结论中药复方对模拟失重兔的立位耐力降低具有显著的防护作用,同时还能改善血脂代谢,从整体上对机体各系统进行调节,提高了机体适应外界不良环境、抵御不良刺激的能力。     

21d头低位卧床期间第一周和最后一周下体负压锻炼对立位耐力和心功能的影响

目的观察在 2 1d头低位卧床的第一周和最后一周进行下体负压锻炼对立位耐力和心功能的影响。方法 1 2名健康男性志愿者 ,随机分为对照组和LBNP组 ,每组 6人 ,均参加 - 6°头低位倾斜卧床实验。对照组在卧床期间不做任何处理 ,LBNP组在卧床第一周和最后一周 ,每天进行 1h、- 30mmHg的下体负压锻炼。卧床前和卧床第 1 0、2 1天在倾斜床上进行 3次立位耐力检查 ,卧床期间测量心脏泵血和收缩功能等指标。结果卧床前两组 1 2名被试者均顺利通过立位耐力检查。卧床第 1 0和 2 1天 ,对照组所有被试者均不能通过立位耐力检查 ,而下体负压组仅有 1人未通过 ,卧床第 2 1天下体负压组( 1 9.7± 0 .9min)平均耐受时间较对照组 ( 1 5 .0± 3.2min)显著延长 (P <0 .0 5 )。对照组每搏输出量(SV)及心输出量 (CO)在卧床第 3、1 0天较卧床前显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而LBNP组SV及CO在卧床期间均无显著性变化 ;两组的射血前期 (PEP) /左室射血时间 (LVET)在卧床第 3、1 4天均显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。两组间比较 ,LBNP组PEP/LVET在卧床第 3天较对照组显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,LVET在卧床第 3、7和 1 4天较对照组显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 2 1d头低位卧床可引起立位耐力、心脏泵血和收缩功能显著降低 ;在 2 1d头低位卧床的     

用脉图方法观察2.5h头低位15°倾斜期间心血管系统的变化

为了解航天员航天初期心血管功能的动态变化，用脉图方法观察了１９名被试者在２．５ｈ头低位１５°倾斜期间的心血管功能。结果表明，ＨＤＴ期间心血管指标变化可分为现时期：急性反应期和反应期。     

Results of a 4-week head-down tilt with and without LBNP countermeasure: II. Cardiac and peripheral hemodynamics--comparison with a 25-day spaceflight.

Cardiovascular hemodynamics were assessed by ultrasound echography and Doppler during a 28-d head-down tilt "CNES HDT: 87-88," and during the 25-d French-Soviet spaceflight "Aragatz 88." For both studies we used the same ultrasound methodology. The main hemodynamic parameters of the left heart function and of the peripheral arterial system (cerebral, renal, femoral arteries) were measured four times during the HDT (day 7, 14, 21, 28) and twice post-HDT. The same measurements were performed six times during the flight (day 4, 5, 15, 18, 20, 24) and five times postflight. During the HDT, two groups were studied: six subjects no countermeasures and six subjects with repeated lower body negative pressure (LBNP). In the first group the cardiac volumes and the cardiac output were significantly decreased, whereas in the group with LBNP these parameters were superior to the basal value. In the group without LBNP the cerebral flow was maintained because of a decrease of the brain vascular resistance. In this group the renal vascular resistance was decreased as inflight. In the lower limbs we observed a loss of the vasomotor control. The vascular resistance was decreased after the end of the HDT and the subjects suffered orthostatic intolerance. In the population with LBNP, we did not observe the same decrease of vascular resistance during the HDT, and after the HDT no sign of orthostatic intolerance was observed. During the flight, the left ventricular volume was significantly decreased. The carotid flow was maintained owing to a decrease of the cerebral vascular resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Impairment of cardiovascular and vasomotor responses during tilt table simulation of "push-pull' maneuvers

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that tolerance to positive acceleration (+Gz) is impaired subsequent to an exposure of less than +1 Gz. HYPOTHESIS: Vasodilation induced by antecedent negative Gz (-Gz) exposure delays sympathetic vasoconstriction during subsequent +Gz, further reducing G-tolerance. METHODS: There were 20 subjects tested on an electronic tilt table, and exposed to the following randomized head-up tilt (HUT) and head-down tilt (HDT) conditions: +75 degrees HUT for 60 s, followed by transition to either 0 degrees (supine) HDT, or -25 degrees HDT, or -45 degrees HDT for 7 or 15 s at tilt rate of 45 degrees x s(-1). This was followed by HUT, divided into three periods: HUT1 (approximately 3-10 s), HUT2 (approximately 15-22 s), and HUT3 (approximately 27-35 s). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was normalized to heart and head-levels. Stroke volume (SV) was estimated using impedance cardiography; forearm blood flow (FBF) estimated by venous occlusion plethysmography and forearm vascular resistance (FVR) was calculated from FBF and SBP. Total peripheral resistance (TPR) was estimated by MAP/(SV*HR). RESULTS: Heart-level SBP decreased significantly during HDT for both HDT durations (p < 0.01). SBP increased significantly at head-level during HDT (p < 0.001). During HUT1 heart and head-level SBP decreased for all conditions (p < 0.001), recovering to baseline levels by HUT2. TPR decreased significantly for all HDT conditions (p < 0.001), with this decrease related to the degree of HDT angle (p < 0.05). During HUT1, TPR remained depressed below baseline. At HUT2, TPR remained decreased for the -45 degrees/7-s condition only (p < 0.01). FBF decreased significantly during HDT (p < 0.02), with the magnitude related to the HDT angle. FBF remained elevated during HUT1 (p < 0.01). FVR decreased as a function of HDT angle during HDT (p < 0.001), with the decrease persisting into the HUT1 phase (p < 0.01). By the HUT2 and HUT3 periods, FVR were above baseline levels for the -45 degrees HDT condition (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These results confirm in humans the delayed recovery of peripheral vascular resistance observed in animal studies when -Gz precedes +Gz. Since SV recovered to baseline levels during the "pull" phase (HUT1-3), with TPR and forearm vascular resistance remaining depressed, baroreflex-mediated peripheral vascular control is delayed. This delay at higher subsequent +Gz levels is dangerous for the military pilot, since symptoms of G-intolerance due to delay in head-level BP recovery will ensue at lower absolute +Gz levels during push-pull type maneuvers.