硫普罗宁对环磷酰胺所致小鼠白细胞减少的防治作用

目的：观察硫普罗宁（Ｔｉｏｐｒｏｎｉｎ，ＭＰＧ）对化疗所致小鼠白细胞减少的预防和治疗作用。方法：采用环磷酰胺（ＣＰＡ）造成小鼠外周血白细胞减少的动物模型，观察ＭＰＧ对由化疗所致白细胞减少的防治作用。结果：预先用不同剂量ＭＰＧ给小鼠细口灌胃或腹腔注射（ｉｇ、ｉｐ），用药５ｄ，再腹腔注射１次ＣＰＡ，然后于第３天计数白细胞九，同时与单用ＣＰＡ相比差异具有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）。先腹腔注射Ｃ     

盐酸千金藤碱对环磷酰胺所致小鼠白细胞减少的治疗作用

目的:观察盐酸千金藤碱(CEH)对化疗所致小鼠白细胞减少的治疗作用.方法:①CEH对环磷酰胺(CTX)所致小鼠白细胞(WBS)减少的影响:健康昆明种小鼠50只,随机分为5组,即正常对照组、CTX模型对照组、CEH小剂量组、中剂量组、大剂量组,每组10只.除正常对照组外,其余各组均采用剂量为75 mg/(kg·d)的CTX小鼠腹腔注射,1次/d,连续3 d,造成动物外周血WBC减少,于第2 d开始腹腔注射生理盐水和不同剂量的CEH:5 mg/(kg·d)、10 mg/(kg·d)、20 mg/(kg·d),1次/d,连续5 d.分别于用CTX前和用CTX后第3 d、第5 d自小鼠尾静脉采血计数外周血WBC.②CEH对CTX所致荷瘤小鼠WBC减少的影响:健康昆明种小鼠50只,先接种H22实体瘤后24 h,随机分为5组,即生理盐水对照组、CTX小剂量组(10 mg/(kg·d))、CTX大剂量组(20 mg/(kg·d))、CTX小剂量与CEH小剂量(10 mg/(kg·d))合用组、CTX大剂量与CEH大剂量合用组,每组10只,进行腹腔注射,1次/d,连续8 d,于第9 d自各组小鼠尾静脉采血计数外周血WBC.结果:①CEH对CTX所致小鼠WBC减少的影响试验中,在用CTX后第3 d、第5 d外周血WBC计数CEH小、中、大剂量组与单用CTX组相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②CEH对CTX所致荷瘤小鼠WBC减少的影响试验中,CTX与CEH合用组与单用CTX组相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:CEH具有明显的治疗由CTX所致白细胞减少的作用.     

口服转移因子对化疗损伤小鼠免疫功能的恢复

目的 :研究猪脾转移因子 (TF)口服途径给药对化疗损伤小鼠免疫功能恢复的作用。方法 :用环磷酰胺 (CP) 75mg/kg连续 8d给予小鼠皮下注射 ,造成免疫功能低下模型 ,同时配以口服TF 1mg/d进行治疗 (设立CP对照组 ,TF注射对照组及正常对照组 ) ,在治疗后第 8d ,分别称各组小鼠体重及脾脏 ,计算脾重指数 ,并进行外周血中性白细胞计数和用MTT法测定鼠脾淋巴细胞转化刺激指数。结果 :TF口服组体重、脾重指数 ,中性白细胞和淋巴细胞转化刺激指数多项观察指标均明显高于CP对照组 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ,与TF注射对照组比较 ,作用效果相近 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :口服TF能促进化疗引起的小鼠免疫功能低下的恢复 ,为其应用于临床治疗免疫功能降低性疾病提供实验依据。     

高剂量硒对小鼠吞噬细胞功能的影响

目的探讨高硒对小鼠吞噬细胞的影响。方法使用不同剂量亚硒酸钠灌胃 ,采取中性白细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬试验分别检测小鼠血液中性白细胞及腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数 ,并同时进行白细胞计数。结果亚硒酸钠各剂量组 ( 0 .5mg、1mg、2mg/kg)的血液中性白细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬率变化不大或有所下降 ,施药前后比较或与阴性对照组比较 ,无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;而吞噬指数却有显著降低 (P <0 .0 1 )。 2mg/kg组的中性白细胞数有明显减少。 结论高剂量亚硒酸钠对小鼠在体中性白细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能具有一定的抑制作用     

头孢他啶联合黄连的抗菌作用

目的　观察头孢他啶与黄连合用对大肠埃希菌腹腔感染小鼠的体内抗菌作用。方法　采用小鼠腹内感染模型。动物分组 :①小鼠腹腔注头孢他啶组 ;②小鼠黄连灌胃组 ;③小鼠腹腔注射头孢他啶合用黄连灌胃组 ;④生理盐水对照组。各组小鼠给药后同日腹腔注射大肠埃希菌 ,观察 5d内小鼠死亡率。结果　生理盐水对照组小鼠死亡率为 80 %;头孢他啶合用黄连组小鼠死亡率为 2 0 %,低于单用头孢他啶组的 5 0 %或单用黄连组的 6 5 %;合用组与各单用组相比 ,统计学显示有显著差异 (p <0 0 5 )。结论　头孢他啶与黄连合用可增强抗感染作用。     

念珠菌多糖升白细胞作用的药理学研究

目的 :评价白色念珠菌多糖 (CAP)对环磷酰胺 (CTX)所致白细胞减少小鼠的升白细胞药效学作用 .方法 :成熟的雄性ICR小鼠随机分为四组 :正常对照组、阴性对照组、阳性对照组 (G -CSF)、CAP组 .正常对照组未施加任何处理 ,其它三组每日腹腔注射环磷酰胺 1 0 0mg/kg,共 3d ,造成白细胞减少模型 .阴性对照组小鼠每日以 0 1mL/1 0g静脉注射注射用水 ,共 6d.阳性对照组小鼠以 3 0 μg/(kg d)静脉注射G -CSF ,共 3d CAP组小鼠以 1mg/(kg·d)静脉注射CAP ,共 6d .所有动物均于实验前及给予环磷酰胺后第 1 ,3 ,5 ,7天取血计数外周血白细胞数 .同时 ,动物处死后计数脾脏指数及胸腺指数 .结果 :给予CTX后 ,各组白细胞数均明显下降 ,阴性对照组在第 6天后逐渐回升 .G -CSF组及CAP组在第 4天开始出现回升 ,第 8天CAP组恢复至原水平以上 ,G -CSF组恢复至原水平 .结论 :CAP对CTX作用小鼠外周血白细胞减少具有明显的改善作用 ,与G -CSF在促进白细胞生成方面作用相似 ,是一种有前途的生物反应调节剂 ,具有良好的应用开发前景 ,值得进一步探讨 .     

五红汤对化疗后小鼠外周血细胞及骨髓造血祖细胞的影响

目的:探讨食疗五红汤(枸杞子、红豆、红衣花生、红糖、红枣)对小鼠化疗后骨髓抑制的治疗作用,并初步探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:昆明种小鼠64只随机分为4组(化疗组、化疗+五红汤组、五红汤组、空白组),采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺(CTX)方法进行化疗后骨髓抑制造模,造模后分别给予五红汤及生理盐水灌胃;五红汤组及空白对照组小鼠予腹腔注射生理盐水后分别给予五红汤及生理盐水灌胃,观察干预后小鼠外周血白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血小板(PLT)的变化及骨髓红系祖细胞(BFU-E)、粒单细胞集落形成细胞(CFU-GM)和有核细胞计数以及CD34+细胞凋亡情况。结果:用药前各组小鼠外周血细胞(WBC、RBC、PLT)差异均无统计学意义;用药8 d后,化疗+五红汤组小鼠的WBC计数、PLT计数均明显高于单纯化疗组(P0.05,P0.01),而各组间RBC计数差异无统计学意义;4组小鼠骨髓BFU-E、CFUGM、CD34+表达率之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:五红汤对CTX化疗后骨髓抑制模型小鼠的白细胞、血小板有较显著的提高作用,但对红细胞及小鼠骨髓造血祖细胞影响均不明显,对正常小鼠外周血细胞亦无影响。     

升白胶囊对环磷酰胺所致小鼠白细胞减少症影响的研究

目的研究升白胶囊对环磷酰胺所致小鼠白细胞减少症的影响以及升高白细胞的作用机制。方法将60只小鼠随机分为正常对照组,模型对照组,贞芪扶正胶囊组及升白胶囊大、小剂量组,每组12只,各组分别灌胃给予蒸馏水及相应药物混悬液,灌胃第8 d,除正常对照组外,其余4组小鼠通过腹腔注射环磷酰胺制备白细胞减少症模型,观测升白胶囊对小鼠外周血象、骨髓有核细胞数和骨髓DNA含量的影响。结果与正常对照组比较,模型对照组白细胞(WBC)数、骨髓有核细胞(BMNC)数及骨髓DNA含量显著降低(P0.01);与模型对照组比较,贞芪扶正胶囊组与升白胶囊大、小剂量组WBC数、BMNC数及骨髓DNA含量显著升高(P0.01或P0.05)。结论升白胶囊对环磷酰胺所致小鼠白细胞减少有显著的升高作用,其机制与促进骨髓造血功能有关。     

5-氟尿嘧啶腹腔内缓释化疗对H22腹水瘤小鼠的抑瘤疗效观察

目的:观察5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)腹腔内缓释化疗对H22腹水瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用.方法:昆明种实验小鼠腹腔内注射0.2 ml H22腹水瘤细胞悬液(含癌细胞4×106)制备腹水瘤小鼠模型.成模小鼠分为生理盐水对照组、腹腔化疗组、缓释化疗组和缓释对照组4组,分别给予腹腔注射生理盐水、普通5-FU、5-FU缓释剂以及缓释对照品.观察各组小鼠的生存期;流式细胞仪测定腹腔注射后第9、12天各组小鼠腹水瘤细胞的凋亡率,计算增殖指数;腹腔注射后第12天电镜观察各组腹水瘤细胞涂片.结果:腹腔化疗组小鼠平均生存期低于缓释化疗组[(13.7±1.7) d vs (15.3±2.0) d, P＜0.05],但均明显高于生理盐水对照组和缓释对照组(P＜0.05),而后两者无显著差异.实验第9天,腹腔化疗组小鼠腹水瘤细胞的凋亡率(%)明显高于缓释化疗组(16.5±1.7 vs 8.1±0.9,P＜0.05),而第12天缓释化疗组明显高于腹腔化疗组(10.1±1.3 vs 7.6±0.8,P＜0.05).实验第9、12天,腹腔化疗组和缓释化疗组瘤细胞凋亡率均明显高于生理盐水对照组和缓释对照组(P＜0.05),后两者无显著差异.电镜观察结果显示腹腔化疗组和缓释化疗组腹水瘤细胞呈典型的凋亡形态学变化,而对照组瘤细胞形态无明显变化.结论:5-FU腹腔缓释化疗较腹腔化疗延长了荷瘤小鼠的生存期,对腹腔内肿瘤细胞的抑制作用较持久.     

小鼠白细胞减少模型白细胞及骨髓粒系细胞的动态变化

目的:建立白细胞减少小鼠模型，了解白细胞及骨髓粒系的动态变化。方法：用环磷酰胺（CY）200mg/kg剂量一次性小鼠腹腔注射，注射后第3d、5d、7d，检测外周血白细胞总数、白细胞分类计数、中性粒细胞核象、骨髓细胞分类计数。结果与结论：此模型在CY毒性过后从造血干细胞开始分裂增殖，发育成杆状核中性粒细胞约需96h，成熟澉中最幼稚的中性粒细胞发育到衰亡亦需96h。推测此模型小鼠白细胞回复后还会一个红细胞减少的时相。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.