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1.
Purpose
To evaluate the relationship between recent stressful life events (SLEs), stress-related symptoms (SRSs), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children beginning primary school.Methods
A community-based sample of 6- to 8-year-old children (176 boys and 175 girls at baseline) participated in a prospective longitudinal study with three waves of data collection and 1-year interval between subsequent surveys, conducted in the Wielkopolska Province, Poland. Main exposures included nine recent stressful life events and psychosomatic and behavioural symptoms related to stress (SRSs), both self-reported by children. The outcome was total HRQoL assessed by a Polish version of the PedsQL? 4.0 (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) Generic Core Scales questionnaire, 5- to 7-year-old version. To evaluate the relationship between total HRQoL and predictor variables, a latent growth curve (LGC) model using multiple group design (boys and girls) with three waves and two time-varying covariates, the SLEs and SRSs, was applied.Results
An unconditional multi-group LGC model revealed that the total HRQoL changed over time in a linear trajectory. After incorporating to the model, two time-varying covariates, SLEs and SRSs, the first predictor for HRQoL was only significant at the last wave in girls and at two subsequent waves, except for baseline, in boys. The second predictor revealed significant negative impacts on HRQoL over the entire period of time in both boys and girls suggesting that the pathway underlying the association of SLEs with HRQoL may be mediated by SRSs. Mean values of HRQoL at each time points did not show gender differences.Conclusions
The findings of the present study may help to develop and implement a health and safety protection training programmes addressed to parents, caregivers, and practitioners to make children’s lives easier.2.
Objectives
The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on physiological (lipid profile, obesity indices) and behavioral (dietary habits, physical activity) cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among primary schoolchildren in Istanbul.Design
Cross sectional study.Setting
One private school and two public schools from different SES districts in Istanbul.Participants
510 randomly selected children aged 12 and 13 years old (257 boys, 253 girls).Results
The prevalence of overweight (15.2%) and the energy intake (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 for boys and girls respectively) were found to be higher for the middle/ high SES group for both genders. Regarding biochemical indices, middle/ high SES children had higher values of High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 for boys and girls respectively) and lower values of TC/HDL-C ratio and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 for boys and girls respectively). This could be attributed to the higher physical activity levels observed for middle/ high SES children (p < 0.001).Conclusion
The findings of the current study revealed a coexistence of both overweight and higher energy intake in middle/ high SES children, as well as a coexistence of underweight and lower physical activity levels in low SES children. These observations should guide the public health policy in developing appropriate intervention strategies to efficiently tackle these health and social issues early in life.3.
Markus Gerber Katharina Endes Serge Brand Christian Herrmann Flora Colledge Lars Donath Oliver Faude Henner Hanssen Uwe Pühse Lukas Zahner 《Quality of life research》2017,26(3):695-706
Purpose
In children, the pathways by which physical activity and fitness are associated with physical and psychological wellbeing are still not fully understood. The present study examines for the first time in young children whether high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity moderate the relationship between severity of life events and health-related quality of life.Methods
Three hundred and seventy-eight children (188 girls, 190 boys, M age = 7.27 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Parental education, gender, age, severity of life events, health-related quality of life and physical activity were assessed via parental questionnaires. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed with the 20 m shuttle run test. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test whether physical activity and fitness interacted with critical life events to explain health-related quality of life.Results
When exposed to critical life events, children with higher fitness levels experienced higher levels of psychological wellbeing, relative to their less fit peers. On the other hand, children with higher fitness levels experienced higher physical wellbeing and more positive friendship relationships when severity of life events was low. A similar moderation effect was found for physical activity with overall quality of life as outcome.Conclusions
Recent stressful experiences alone were not sufficient to explain negative health outcomes in young children. Children with low cardiorespiratory fitness levels experienced lower psychological wellbeing when they were exposed to critical life events. More research is needed to find out whether similar findings emerge with objective physical activity measurements and when critical life events are assessed over longer periods of time.4.
Background
Suicide is a leading cause of death in Australian males aged 18 to 55. Non-fatal suicidal behaviours and thoughts are indicators of increased risk for future suicide. Suicidal behaviour is complex and multi-determined. Research supports the involvement of stressful life events in suicide and suicidal behaviour, however the evidence regarding suicidal thoughts is less developed. This study investigates stressful life events in relation to suicidal ideation in a large cohort of adult males recruited into Ten to Men, the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health.Methods
Baseline data from a national cohort of 13, 884 males aged 18–55 years on suicidal behaviour, psychiatric disorder and life events was used. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted with current suicidal ideation as the outcome and 12 month life events, 12 month depression, anxiety and harmful/hazardous alcohol use, and socio-demographics as covariates. Further logistic regression models investigated the relative risk of life stress alone, depression/alcohol/anxiety alone and co-occurring life stress and depression/alcohol/anxiety.Results
In multivariable models there was an independent contribution to suicidal ideation for six of 24 life events (ORs 1.27–1.95), 12 month depression (OR 4.49) harmful alcohol use (OR 1.38) and anxiety disorders (OR 1.27). Life events co-occurring with depression (OR 10.3) was higher risk than either alone (depression OR 6.6; life stress OR 2.6). There was a lesser effect for co-occurrence in the anxiety and harmful alcohol use models.Conclusion
Life events appear to be related to suicidal ideation independent of depression, anxiety and harmful alcohol use in adult males, however if life events occur in the context of depression that risk is substantially increased.5.
Wenjie Duan 《Quality of life research》2016,25(11):2879-2888
Objective
This study used a two-wave longitudinal research design to explore the role of individual strengths, including interpersonal strength, intellectual strength, and temperance strength, in affecting the mental health of stressed college students.Participants
A total of 404 stressed Chinese college students were screened to participate in this 12-month longitudinal study.Methods
At the beginning of the study (Time 1), students who had not experienced stressful events within the last 12 months were invited to assess their strengths, psychological well-being, and psychological symptoms. After 12 months (Time 2), 404 students who reported stressful experiences completed the scales again and were retained for the final analyses.Results
Academics-related stressors were the most endorsed life events among college students, whose states of mental health showed downward trends from Time 1 to Time 2. Three strengths had weak to modest correlations to mental health at both Time 1 and Time 2. Although the additional variances of mental health explained by the three strengths were very modest, the mediational roles of the strengths were identified. The perceived stress completely mediated the relationship between the strengths and the psychological symptoms and partly mediated the relationship between the strengths and psychological well-being.Conclusions
Individual strengths may function as a defense against perceived stress and are protective factors of mental health. These strengths maintain mental health by enhancing the psychological well-being and reducing the psychological symptoms of individuals.6.
Objectives
Body image in the mass media promotes an unrealistic picture of body shape that leads to body dissatisfaction among adolescentsQuery. Therefore, the study presented in this paper aimed to assess the association between mass media and adolescents’ weight concerns and perceptions of body weight and shape.Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on school adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years during the academic year 2013–2014. Multistage stratified sampling method was used. The number of participants in the study was 795 students: 400 boys and 395 girls.Results
All participants have a common behavior in rarely reading magazines, but they spend more than 2 h in watching television or less than 3 h using the internet. However, most of obese/non-obese adolescents, boys or girls, have shown high influence (p < 0.05) of reading magazines on the subject of dieting to lose weight.Conclusion
While obese students read more magazines on dieting to lose weight, other mass media did not show the same results on weight concerns and body shape among Jordanian adolescents.7.
Tingzhong Yang Shuhan Jiang Lingwei Yu Randall R. Cottrell Qi Si 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2018,26(2):205-209
Purpose
To examine the association between life stress, uncertainty stress and self-reported illness among Chinese college students.Methods
Participants were 11,942 students who were identified through a multistage survey sampling process that included 50 universities. Stress and illness status were obtained by self-report. Both unadjusted and adjusted methods were considered in the analyses.Results
Self-reported short- and long-term illness prevalences were 27.4% (95% CI: 23.9%–30.8%) and 20.0% (95% CI: 17.0%–23.1%), respectively. The logistic regression model found that while uncertainty stress was associated with both categories of illness, life stress was not related to either category of illness.Conclusion
These findings underscore the importance of controlling uncertainty stress and can be used to inform future policies and reinforce the need for uncertainty stress management in China.8.
Michael Baiocchi Benjamin Omondi Nickson Langat Derek B. Boothroyd Jake Sinclair Lee Pavia Munyae Mulinge Oscar Githua Neville H. Golden Clea Sarnquist 《Prevention science》2017,18(7):818-827
Design
The study’s design was a cluster-randomized, matched-pairs, parallel trial of a behavior-based sexual assault prevention intervention in the informal settlements.Methods
The participants were primary school girls aged 10–16. Classroom-based interventions for girls and boys were delivered by instructors from the same settlements, at the same time, over six 2-h sessions. The girls’ program had components of empowerment, gender relations, and self-defense. The boys’ program promotes healthy gender norms. The control arm of the study received a health and hygiene curriculum. The primary outcome was the rate of sexual assault in the prior 12 months at the cluster level (school level). Secondary outcomes included the generalized self-efficacy scale, the distribution of number of times victims were sexually assaulted in the prior period, skills used, disclosure rates, and distribution of perpetrators. Difference-in-differences estimates are reported with bootstrapped confidence intervals.Results
Fourteen schools with 3147 girls from the intervention group and 14 schools with 2539 girls from the control group were included in the analysis. We estimate a 3.7 % decrease, p?=?0.03 and 95 % CI?=?(0.4, 8.0), in risk of sexual assault in the intervention group due to the intervention (initially 7.3 % at baseline). We estimate an increase in mean generalized self-efficacy score of 0.19 (baseline average 3.1, on a 1–4 scale), p?=?0.0004 and 95 % CI?=?(0.08, 0.39).Interpretation
This innovative intervention that combined parallel training for young adolescent girls and boys in school settings showed significant reduction in the rate of sexual assault among girls in this population.9.
Francesco Saverio Mennini Paolo Bonanni Florence Bianic Chiara de Waure Gianluca Baio Giacomo Plazzotta Mathieu Uhart Alessandro Rinaldi Nathalie Largeron 《Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E》2017,15(1):11
Background
In Italy HPV vaccination with the quadrivalent vaccine (Gardasil®) is offered actively and free of charge to girls aged 12 since 2007. A nine-valent vaccine (Gardasil 9®) received the European market authorization in 2015 to protect, with only 2 doses, against around 90% of all HPV positive cancers, over 80% of high-grade precancerous lesions and 90% of genital warts caused by HPV types 6/11.Methods
A dynamic transmission model simulating the natural history of HPV-infections was calibrated to the Italian setting and used to estimate costs and QALYs associated with vaccination strategies. The analyses compared two strategies with the nine-valent vaccine (cervical cancer screening and vaccination in girls only or vaccination in boys and girls) to four alternative strategies (cervical cancer screening and vaccination with quadrialent vaccine in girls only, in both boys and girls, with bivalent vaccine in girls and screening strategy only). The National Health Service perspective was considered.Conclusion
The switch to the nine-valent vaccine in Italy can further reduce the burden associated to cervical cancer and HPV-related diseases and is highly cost-effective.Results
Compared to the current vaccination program with quadrivalent vaccine, the nine-valent vaccine in a programme including girls and boys shows further reductions of 17% in the incidence of cervical cancer, 35 and 14% in anal cancer for males and females, as well as over a million cases of genital warts avoided after 100 years. The new technology is associated with an ICER of 10,463€ per QALY gained in universal vaccination, decreasing to 4483€ when considering the vaccine switch for girls-only.10.
Cornelia Pocnet Jean-Philippe Antonietti Marie-Pierre F. Strippoli Jennifer Glaus Martin Preisig Jérôme Rossier 《Quality of life research》2016,25(11):2897-2908
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between major recent life events that occurred during the last 5 years, social and personal resources, and subjective quality of life (QoL).Methods
A total of 1801 participants from the general population (CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study) completed the Life Events Questionnaire, the Social Support Questionnaire, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory Revised, and the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life.Results
Major life events were modestly associated with the QoL (about 5 % of the explained variance). However, QoL was significantly related to perceived social support and personality traits (about 37 % of the explained variance). Particularly, perceived social support, extraversion and conscientiousness personality dimensions were positively linked to life satisfaction, whereas a high level of neuroticism was negatively associated with QoL.Conclusion
This study highlights the negative but temporary association between critical events and QoL. However, a combination of high conscientiousness and extraversion, and positive social support may explain better variances for a high-perceived QoL.11.
Background
Until now, the relations between the working alliance and trauma-related symptoms have received little or no study in residential-care settings. However, considering the high prevalence of past experiences of interpersonal trauma among young people in residential centers, it is essential to examine this issue more closely.Objective
This study aimed to determine to what extent the strength of the working alliance, as reported by adolescent girls in residential centers and their counselors, is associated with the trauma-related symptoms that these girls reported subsequently, in emerging adulthood.Methods
The sample consisted of 130 adolescent girls placed in residential center. Trauma-related symptoms were measured at intake and approximately 4 years later, when all the girls were out of the center. Working alliance was measured 3 months after the start of the placement. Hierarchical multiple regressions were performed to determine the strength of the relationships between the working alliance during treatment and trauma-related symptoms in emerging adulthood.Results
Findings showed that even after controlling for intake symptoms, the strength of the working alliance reported by the girls has modest, yet significant, negative associations with several trauma-related symptoms in emerging adulthood. The stronger the alliance the girls reported, the less they reported symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress and externalization.Conclusions
Results suggest that a strong working alliance with adolescent girls may contribute to their recovery as it was associated with less trauma-related symptoms. Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms and underlying factors explaining this relationship at short, medium and long term.12.
M. E. Payne K. N. Porter Starr M. Orenduff H. S. Mulder S. R. McDonald A. P. Spira C. F. Pieper C. W. Bales 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2018,22(10):1259-1265
Objective
To examine the bi-directional associations of a weight loss intervention with quality of life and mental health in obese older adults with functional limitations.Design
Combined-group analyses of secondary variables from the MEASUR-UP randomized controlled trial.Setting
Academic medical center.Participants
Obese community-dwelling men and women (N = 67; age ≥60; BMI ≥30) with functional limitations (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB] score of 4–10 out of 12).Intervention
Six-month reduced calorie diet at two protein levels.Measurements
Weight, height, body composition, physical function, medical history, and mental health and quality of life assessments (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]; Profile of Mood States [POMS], Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]; Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]; Satisfaction with Life Scale [SWLS]; and Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]) were acquired at 0, 3 and 6 months.Results
Physical composite quality of life (SF-36) improved significantly at 3 months (β = 6.29, t2,48 = 2.60, p = 0.012) and 6 months (β = 10.03, t2,48 = 4.83, p < 0.001), as did several domains of physical quality of life. Baseline depression symptoms (CES-D and POMS) were found to predict lower amounts of weight loss; higher baseline sleep latency (PSQI) and anger (POMS) predicted less improvement in physical function (SPPB).Conclusion
The significant bi-directional associations found between a weight loss intervention and mental health/quality of life, including substantial improvements in physical quality of life with obesity treatment, indicate the importance of considering mental health and quality of life as part of any weight loss intervention for older adults.13.
Background
In South Africa, it is illegal for adolescents under age 16 years to engage in any sexual behaviour whether kissing, petting, or penetrative sex, regardless of consent. This cross-sectional study investigated the extent to which young adolescents engage in various sexual behaviours and the associations between dating status and sexual behaviours.Method
Grade 8 adolescents (N?=?474, ages 12–15 years, mean?=?14.14 years) recruited from Cape Town schools completed surveys providing information about their sociodemographic backgrounds, dating experience, sexual behaviour, and substance use.Results
Lower hierarchy sexual behaviours, such as kissing (71.4% of girls; 88.4% of boys), were more common than oral (3.9% of girls; 13.8% of boys), vaginal (9.3% of girls; 30.0% of boys), or anal (1.4% of girls; 10.5% of boys) sex. Currently dating girls and boys were more likely to engage in sexual behaviours including several risk behaviours in comparison to their currently non-dating counterparts. These risk behaviours included penetrative sex (21.1% of dating vs. 4.5% of non-dating girls; 49.4% of dating vs. 20.2% of non-dating boys), sex with co-occurring substance use (22.2% of dating vs. 0 non-dating girls; 32.1% of dating vs. 40% of non-dating boys), and no contraceptive use (26.1% of sexually experienced girls; 44.4% of sexually experienced boys). Among girls, there were significant associations between ever having penetrative sex and SES (OR?=?2.592, p?=?0.017) and never dating (OR?=?0.330, p?=?0.016). Among boys, there were significant associations between ever having penetrative sex and never dating (OR?=?0.162, p?=?0.008). Although the currently dating group of young adolescents appear to be a precocious group in terms of risk behaviour relative to the currently non-dating group, teenagers in both groups had experience in the full range of sexual behaviours.Conclusions
Many young adolescents are engaging in a variety of sexual behaviours ranging from kissing and touching to intercourse. Of particular concern are those engaging in risky sexual behaviour. These findings indicate that adolescents need to be prepared for sexual negotiation and decision-making from an early age through comprehensive and accessible education and health services; sections of current legislation may be a barrier to adopting such policies and practices.14.
Kevin Rudolf Andrea Schaller Fabienne Frick Christopher Grieben Ingo Froböse 《Pr?vention und Gesundheitsf?rderung》2016,11(1):20-26
Background
Patterns of activity in adulthood are often established during adolescence, making this stage of life an important period for promoting physical activity (PA). Success of such health promotion depends on many factors. One of these factors is the awareness of one’s own PA level.Objective
This study examines PA awareness in vocational school students in Germany.Methods
The study uses data of 53 vocational school students (54.7?% female, age: 20.7 years, standard deviation 3.1 years; BMI: 24.1 kg/m2, standard deviation 4.5 kg/m2) from the 2013 project “Make Move – Bewegt in die Arbeitswelt”.Results
Comparison of subjective and objective measurements (accelerometry) of physical activity showed a high prevalence of over- and underestimation of PA (each 45.3?%). Pearson correlation coefficients of subjective and objective measurements were low (r=?0.40–0.49; p?<?0.05).Conclusion
Overall, PA awareness of students in this sample was low. Hence, the awareness levels have to be considered in the conception of future health promotion interventions.15.
Martha Höfler 《Pr?vention und Gesundheitsf?rderung》2018,13(1):7-11
Background
Nearly every second person suffers from mental illness at some point in their life. In this regard, stress-induced illnesses play a central role. Stress cannot be avoided; thus, interventions that promote resilience in the face of stress are particularly significant.Objective
The paper gives a short overview of the current status quo in the development of evidence-based resilience interventions.Materials and methods
The chosen method is a narrative review that takes into account papers with relational resilience constructs such as concept analysis, systematic reviews, and empirical studies of international resilience research.Results
Currently, the main challenge for program developers is to identify valid protective factors within resilience research which match the target and target group of a special intervention.Conclusion
There is a need for systematic reviews to systematize heterogeneous resilience studies. Based on such reviews, the selection of protective factors that should be promoted in an intervention can be justified.16.
Maria Vozikaki Angeliki Papadaki Manolis Linardakis Anastas Philalithis 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2018,26(6):613-624
Purpose
Previous research has suggested that individuals are mostly prone to loneliness in their later years of life because of exposure to several risk factors typical of old age. The current study aims to examine possible demographic, health and social determinants of loneliness among older adults in Europe.Methods
Data on a nationally representative sample of 5074 Europeans aged ≥ 65 years were drawn from the first wave of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, 2004/2005). Frequency of feelings of loneliness was examined according to adverse health conditions, stressful life events and social isolation indicators.Results
Female gender, older age, lower socioeconomic status, living unpartnered, being childless and having no activity involvement were significantly associated with frequent feelings of loneliness (p?<?0.001). The proportion of the respondents who declared enduring loneliness most of the time compared with none of the time was significantly higher among Southern Europeans relative to their Northern counterparts (p?<?0.001). Recent departure of offspring from the parental nest was a significant predictor of loneliness in both the second (ORs?=?2.08; 95% CI 1.24–3.48) and the third (ORs?=?1.75; 95% CI 1.03–2.96) multiple regression models.Conclusion
In this sample of older Europeans, several demographic characteristics, specific adverse health conditions, stressful life events and social isolation indicators were associated with feelings of loneliness. Policy initiatives for the alleviation of loneliness in older age should therefore aim at improving psychosocial and health-related difficulties faced by this population.17.
Oliver Damm Johannes Horn Rafael T. Mikolajczyk Mirjam E. E. Kretzschmar Andreas M. Kaufmann Yvonne Deleré Bernhard Ultsch Ole Wichmann Alexander Krämer Wolfgang Greiner 《Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E》2017,15(1):18
Background
The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in addition to the current cervical cancer screening programme in Germany using a dynamic transmission model.Methods
Based on a mathematical model simulating the transmission dynamics and the natural history of HPV infection and associated diseases (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer, and genital warts), we estimated the epidemiological and economic consequences of HPV vaccination with both the quadrivalent and bivalent vaccines. In our base case analysis, we assessed the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating 12-year-old girls with a 3-dose schedule. In sensitivity analysis, we also evaluated the use of a 2-dose schedule and assessed the impact of vaccinating boys.Results
From a health care payer perspective, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of a 3-dose schedule were €34,249 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) for the bivalent and €14,711 per QALY for the quadrivalent vaccine. Inclusion of indirect costs decreased ICERs by up to 40%. When adopting a health care payer perspective, ICERs of a 2-dose approach decreased to €19,450 per QALY for the bivalent and to €3645 per QALY for the quadrivalent vaccine. From a societal perspective, a 2-dose approach using the quadrivalent vaccine was a cost-saving strategy while using the bivalent vaccine resulted in an ICER of €13,248 per QALY. Irrespective of the perspective adopted, additional vaccination of boys resulted in ICERs exceeding €50,000 per QALY, except for scenarios with low coverage (20%) in girls.Conclusions
Our model results suggest that routine HPV vaccination of 12-year-old girls with three doses is likely to be cost-effective in Germany. Due to the additional impact on genital warts, the quadrivalent vaccine appeared to be more cost-effective than the bivalent vaccine. A 2-dose schedule of the quadrivalent vaccine might even lead to cost savings when adopting a societal perspective. The cost-effectiveness of additional vaccination of boys was highly dependent on the coverage in girls.18.
Background
Children are not always recognized as being susceptible to stress, although childhood stressors may originate from multiple events in their everyday surroundings with negative effects on children’s health.Methods
As there is a lack of large-scale, European prevalence data on childhood adversities, this study presents the prevalence of (1) negative life events and (2) familial and social adversities in 4637 European pre- and primary-school children (4–11 years old), using a parentally-reported questionnaire embedded in the IDEFICS project (‘Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS’).Results
The following findings were observed: (1) Certain adversities occur only rarely, while others are very regular (i.e. parental divorce); (2) A large percentage of children is shielded from stressors, while a small group of children is exposed to multiple, accumulating adversities; (3) The prevalence of childhood adversity is influenced by geographical location (e.g. north versus south), age group and sex; (4) Childhood adversities are associated and co-occur, resulting in potential cumulative childhood stress.Conclusions
This study demonstrated the importance of not only studying traumatic events but also of focusing on the early familial and social environment in childhood stress research and indicated the importance of recording or monitoring childhood adversities.19.
Emilie Cappe Mélanie Bolduc Marie-Caroline Rougé Marie-Claude Saiag Richard Delorme 《Quality of life research》2017,26(5):1283-1294
Purpose
This study investigated quality of life and adjustment mechanisms in parents of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Method
Ninety parents of children with ADHD completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and self-assessment scales to measure their perceived stress, social support, sense of control, coping strategies and quality of life.Results
ADHD in children negatively affected parents’ quality of life, especially their psychological well-being and personal fulfillment. Family and couple relationships, as well as daily life activities, were also affected. The severity of the disorder, perceiving the situation as a threat or a loss, feeling guilty and holding on to irrational beliefs were related to emotion-focused coping strategies and to a poorer quality of life. Furthermore, hyperactivity index and stress ratings relative to perceiving the situation as a threat or a loss, and adopting emotion-focused coping strategies, predicted poorer quality of life. In contrast, perceiving the situation as challenging was related to a greater sense of control and personal fulfillment. Moreover, perceiving the situation as challenging and adopting problem-focused coping strategies predicted better quality of life.Conclusion
The findings highlight the negative effects of ADHD on parent psychological adjustment and underline the need to recommend training programs that improve parenting skills, parents’ perceptions concerning their child’s behavior disorder and parental functioning.20.