Oral trauma, mouthguard awareness, and use in two contact sports in Turkey

Abstract –  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of dental hard and soft tissue injuries during participation in contact sports, and the awareness and use of mouthguards in a young adult sample of semi-professional or amateur boxers and tae kwon do participants in Turkey. The samples consisted of 274 young adults [174 male (63.5%) and 100 female (36.5%)] aged between 17 and 27 years of which 185 (67.5%) were tae kwon do practitioners, and 89 (32.5%) were boxers. The participants answered a standard questionnaire. All answers were evaluated and then statistical analyses were performed. Of the total sample, 61 of the subjects (22.3%) suffered dental trauma. Of these sufferers, 32 (17.3%) were boxers and 29 (32.6%) were tae kwon do practitioners. It was found that 19 (6.9%) athletes lost their teeth post-trauma. Of the 54 subjects (19.7%) suffering soft tissue injuries, 44 were female (81.5%), while only 10 were male (18.5%), of which 40 (74.1%) were tae kwon do practitioners and 14 (25.9%) were boxers. Of the total sample of 274 subjects, 228 (83.2%) were well informed about mouthguard usage. Of the total sample, 153 (55.8%) of the subjects used mouthguards, all of which were boil-and-bite type. The results of our study indicate that dentists and sports authorities in Turkey should promote the use of mouthguards in contact sports such as tae kwon do and boxing, which have a serious risk for dental and oral soft tissue trauma and tooth loss.     

Dental trauma in contact team sports

Abstract Dental injuries occurring from 1979–1985 in Finland in 6 contact team sports (American football, bandy, basketball, team handball, ice hockey and soccer) were studied. A total of 23,395 accidents occurred among registered players; 1526 (6.5%) of these accidents affected the dental structures. Contact between players caused over half of the accidents and a blow from a stick every third accident. Crown fractures were the most common type of dental injury, occurring most often to the maxillary central incisors. In most accidents (58.6%) only one tooth was affected. The highest rate of incidence was found in ice hockey (8.9%) and the lowest in American football (1.4%). The low incidence in American football was due to adequate facial and dental protection that is mandatory in this sport.     

Dental and oral trauma and mouthguard use during sport activities in Israel

Abstract – The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of oral and dental injuries in young Israeli population engaged in diverse sport activities. The participants' awareness of the use of protective devices, such as mouthguards, during sport activities was also evaluated. A population of 943 young adults, 95% males and 5% females (ages 18–19), was surveyed. A questionnaire was distributed relating to the type of sport activity practised, past oral and dental injuries over their lifetime, specifying the time and type of sports in which the injury occurred and the use and awareness of the protective devices. Of the total population examined, 850 (90%) were active in at least one type of sport, either as professionals or as amateurs. The analysis included the population that regularly participated in at least one sporting activity. The most commonly practised sports were soccer (54% of all active participants) and basketball (50%). The total number of dental and oral injuries experienced during all sport activities was 229, affecting 27% of the participants of whom 73 (9%) suffered dental injuries. Most dental injuries occurred during the basketball and soccer training sessions and matches reaching 42 and 41% of the total number of injuries, respectively, and affected 7.2 and 6.6% of the basketball and soccer players. Traumatic dental injuries in other sports occurred in less than 7% of the participants in these activities. Only 27% of the participants were aware of the protective devices, such as a mouthguards, and only 3% actually used these devices. These results point to the high risk of potential dental and oral injury during sport activities, the little knowledge about the benefits of using mouthguards and their limited utilization. The importance of public health education to increase the awareness of protective measures and devices and their actual use in Israel is the main focus. It should be a combined duty of dentists and sports physicians and of the coaches to encourage the use of protective devices during training and games.     

Dental trauma prevention with mouthguard in a nose fracturing blow to the face: Case report

Orofacial injuries are common in sports activities and may vary in complexity and the tissues involved. Most sports‐related trauma occurs when a player hits another player, an object or the ground. This report presents a case of an injury caused by a punchlike blow to the face during a handball college team practice session. The patient suffered a traumatic blow to the left side of the nose and mouth and promptly attended a dentist. After a clinical examination and a CBCT scan, the following injuries were diagnosed: upper lip laceration, upper left lateral incisor subluxation and anterior nasal spine fracture. More severe teeth injuries were likely prevented because the patient was wearing a mouthguard.     

Dental trauma and mouthguard usage among ice hockey players in Turkey premier league

Abstract –  An epidemiological survey was carried out among the ice hockey players of Turkish Premier Ice Hockey League. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental trauma in youth and adult ice hockey players, as well as to check if the players were aware of mouthguards and had used any. The players were interviewed to determine the occurrence of dental trauma during ice hockey and mouthguard usage level. Results revealed that awareness of Turkish ice hockey players to dental trauma is neglected while the majority of players also demonstrated limited utilization of mouthguard.     

防护牙托的材料和结构对其性能的影响

随着体育事业在我国的迅速发展,参与到各种体育运动中的青少年也不断增加。在通过运动强身健体的同时,不断增加的口颌系统外伤,尤其是牙外伤也成为非常棘手的问题。为了对这些运动外伤进行预防,防护牙托应运而生。但是不同材料、不同结构的防护牙托的效果也不尽相同,本文对此问题进行综述。     

定制牙托膜片切牙区厚度变化的影响因素

佩戴运动牙托可以缓冲外力,降低颌面部损伤的风险.运动牙托种类较多,其中个性化定制运动牙托具有较好的保护作用和较高的舒适度而备受欢迎.个性化定制运动牙托的膜片加热后可发生延展,随后发生厚度变化,尤以切牙区膜片的厚度变化更能影响其保护性能;因此,笔者就影响个性化定制运动牙托膜片切牙区的厚度变化的膜片硬度、膜片形状和膜片表面设计等膜片因素,工作模厚度和工作模摆放角度等工作模因素,加压方法,夹持托盘形状、夹持方式和夹持托盘与工作模底座的距离等夹持因素,加压时间等的研究进展作一综述.     

Dental injuries in inline skating – level of information and prevention

Abstract –  Inline skating belongs like ice hockey, rugby, and boxing to sporting activities with high-risk of suffering tooth accidents. Because of high velocity and loss of balance, especially on uneven ground, the injury potential in inline skating is higher. The objective of this work was to conduct a comparative study between Switzerland and Germany. The questions focussed on the frequency of tooth accidents, their prevention by mouthguard and the level of information about emergency measures after dental trauma and the resulting consequences for athletes. Using a standardized questionnaire totally 612 individuals, 324 men and 288 women, in two countries belonging to three different divisions (fun, fitness and speed) were surveyed. Fifty-six (9.2%) of these 612 interviewees have already experienced a tooth injury while inline skating. More than half of all interviewed players (68.3%) were aware of the possibility of replanting avulsed teeth. Only 32.4% were familiar with the tooth rescue kit. Just 65.4% knew mouthguard and only 1.9% of those athletes ( n  = 12) wore a mouthguard while inline skating. The results show that the area of inline skating requires more information about preventing dental trauma through sports associations and dentists.     

Dental injury and its prevention in Swiss rugby

Abstract – Objectives: Rugby players are at a high risk of sustaining dental injury because of the high number of tackles implicit to the game. This study aimed to determine the frequency of injuries sustained by players in the Swiss rugby league. Methods: During the 2010/11 season, 517 rugby players from 19 clubs were questioned about dental trauma as well as the use of mouthguards and other forms of body protection. The level of awareness about tooth avulsion and replantation was also assessed. Participants included athletes from four different leagues; National (155), Premier (122), Women’s (90) and Juniors (150). Results: Of the 517 players taking part in the survey, 54.4% had sustained at least one serious injury and 39.5% had sustained a facial injury. One hundred and thirty‐nine athletes (37.3%) had observed another player sustain a dental injury during a game, whilst 35 (6.8%) had personally sustained one or more dental injuries. Dental injury rate was considerably higher amongst forwards than backs. Four hundred and fifty‐six players (88.2%) wore a mouthguard of which three‐quarters were tailor‐made. Three hundred and thirteen players (60.5%) were aware that an avulsed tooth can be replanted; however, only 27 (5.2%) had heard of the tooth rescue boxes. These results demonstrate that, whilst general injuries occur with regularity in rugby, dental injuries are not amongst the most common forms. This is almost certainly attributable to the high level of mouthguard usage. Particularly for players in the junior league, in which the use of mouthguards was lowest, the risk of dental injury may be reduced by an increased level of education about tooth protection. Conclusions: To this end, an increased awareness about and usage of tooth rescue boxes would be desirable. It would seem sensible to make the wearing of mouthguards compulsory in contact sports such as rugby.