颈动脉体瘤与颈总动脉分叉处神经源性肿瘤对照研究

目的 探讨颈动脉体瘤与颈总动脉分叉处神经源性肿瘤的鉴别要点和手术治疗经验。 方法 回顾性分析2004年11月至2011年6月中国医科大学附属第一医院手术治疗的颈动脉体瘤16例和颈总动脉分叉处神经源性肿瘤14例的临床资料,对比分析两组的临床表现、影像学资料、手术过程及随访等。 结果 两组的年龄、性别、既往状况、临床表现差异均无统计学意义,虽然两组的肿瘤大小差异也无统计学意义,但颈动脉体瘤组的手术时间要显著长于神经源性肿瘤组［（119±46） vs. （65±13）min,P<0.05］,前者的术中失血量也显著高于后者［（230±127） vs. （89±38）mL,P<0.05］。颈动脉体瘤组手术完整切除肿瘤15例（15/16,93.8%）,6例行自体大隐静脉移植、颈内动脉重建术;术后出现轻度舌下神经受损症状1例,出现Horner综合征1例。神经源性肿瘤组14例全部完整切除,均未阻断颈动脉血流;术后出现声音嘶哑1例, Horner综合征3例。两组间并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,住院时间两组差异亦无统计学意义［（17±7）d vs. （14±5）d,P>0.05］。结论 颈动脉体瘤与颈总动脉分叉处神经源性肿瘤的临床表现十分相似,术前确诊有一定困难,手术切除是有效的治疗方法,充分的术前评估及相关准备是手术成功的关键。     

26例臂丛神经鞘瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨臂丛神经鞘瘤显微手术的治疗要点。方法回顾性总结2000年1月～2009年10月我院收治的26例臂丛神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料,其中臂丛上干11例,中干10例,内侧束2例,外侧束1例,C5-71例,C6-71例,均实行显微镜下手术切除。结果 26例患者臂丛神经鞘瘤均完整切除,术后无臂丛神经受损表现。病理提示Antoni A型18例,Antoni B型8例。随访6个月到10年,无一例复发。结论臂丛神经鞘瘤的显微外科手术治疗应尽量避开神经纤维,保护好神经干,逐层剥离包膜,将瘤体完整切除,多能获得较满意的疗效。     

颈动脉体瘤的超声、CT及DSA表现

目的探讨颈动脉体瘤（CBT）的超声、CT和DSA的表现。方法对11例（12个CBT）分别进行超声、CT和DSA检查,分析其表现。结果CBT超声表现为颈动脉分叉处实质性低回声肿块,内含丰富的小血管,肿块呈圆形或椭圆形;彩色多普勒可见丰富的肿瘤滋养血管。CT表现为颈动脉分叉处的类圆形肿块,平扫呈等密度或稍高密度,边界清晰,形态规则,增强扫描肿块明显强化,其强化程度与颈部血管接近,三维重建可清晰显示瘤体与颈部血管的关系。DSA显示肿瘤血供丰富,肿瘤染色明显,清晰显示瘤体与血管的关系,可以评估脑血管发育状况和代偿能力、颈动脉阻断后脑的耐受性。结论CBT具有特殊的影像学表现,超声、CT和DSA均可为准确诊断CBT提供信息。     

70例颈动脉体瘤的外科诊治分析

目的 总结颈动脉体瘤外科诊断、治疗的经验和体会.方法 回顾性分析1986年5月至2008年5月22年22收治的70例颈动脉体瘤患者的诊断方法、手术方式及并发症情况. 结果 采用CT血管造影、磁共振血管造影明确诊断;63例患者(共72个瘤体)成功行外科手术切除,无手术死亡病例,术后偏瘫2例;暂时性脑神经损伤17例,永久性脑神经损伤4例.随访62例,随访率88.6%,失访8例,随访时间6个月至5年,平均(3.8±1.1)年.手术患者随访期间无死亡,2例术后局部复发,3例发生远处转移而未能手术切除的恶性颈动脉体瘤患者死亡. 结论 CT血管造影、磁共振血管造影检查是颈动脉体瘤明确诊断及术前评估的有效手段,根据肿瘤与颈动脉的关系选择适宜术式,术中充分暴露、控制出血、保护神经及维持脑供血是预防和降低手术并发症的关键.     

泌尿生殖系神经鞘瘤(附7例报告)

目的:探讨泌尿生殖系神经鞘瘤的临床、影像学及病理特点。方法:回顾性分析1994～2004年7例泌尿生殖系神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料,包括肾上腺、膀胱、前列腺、精索、阴囊及阴茎的神经鞘瘤,结合文献分析其特点。结果:患者平均年龄42岁,均为偶然发现或体检时发现,通过病理检查确诊。随访2～6年,7例患者肿瘤均经手术切除,病理证实6例良性,无复发;1例恶性睾丸神经鞘瘤,2年后死于肿瘤复发转移。结论:手术切除是目前治疗泌尿生殖系统神经鞘瘤的方法,由于泌尿生殖系神经鞘瘤缺乏典型的临床表现,临床诊断困难,确诊需经病理学诊断。肿瘤特异性标志物S100,Leu7及MBP有助于该病的诊断。     

四肢神经鞘膜瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的介绍应用显微外科技术治疗神经鞘膜瘤的特点及疗效。方法对11例神经鞘膜瘤在放大6倍的手术显微镜下行肿瘤包膜内切除术。结果11例经6～24月随访,切除部位无1例复发,其中1例多发性神经鞘膜瘤因肿瘤数量众多,切除部分神经后行端一端神经外膜吻合术后6月,有局部麻木症状。其余神经功能均正常。结论采用显微外科技术,根据肿瘤大小、部位,选择合适入路治疗神经鞘膜瘤可获得瘤体切除彻底、神经干保护好、损伤少等优点。     

胃神经鞘瘤:附9例报告

目的 分析胃神经鞘瘤的临床特点、诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾分析笔者近15年来收治的9例胃神经鞘瘤的临床资料。结果 临床主要表现是上腹部隐痛(9例)、腹部肿块(5例)和上消化道出血(3例)。9例均手术治疗，但无1例术前确诊。1例恶性胃神经鞘瘤术后只生存了8个月，良性的手术效果良好。结论 胃神经鞘瘤无特异性临床表现，术前确诊困难，误诊率高，一经确诊，应及早手术治疗。     

����������10���������Ʒ���

目的 总结颈动脉体瘤的治疗经验,探讨手术的安全性和围手术期处理的科学性.方法 回顾分析1998年2月至2006年6月昆明医学院第一附属医院收治10例颈动脉体瘤的临床资料,经组织学证实血管型为6例、实质型2例、混合型2例.10例病人均行瘤体剥离和(或)瘤体切除及血管重建.结果 术后无一例发生脑动脉血栓形成、栓塞及舌咽、迷走神经等损伤的严重并发症.术后1周均顺利出院.结论 由于颈动脉体瘤所处解剖位置特殊,与颈动脉粘连紧密甚至产生包绕和侵蚀血管现象,术中术后极易造成神经、血管损伤和脑供血不足;加之其本身属化学感受器肿瘤,尚有7%～10%为恶性,手术和围手术期处理难度大.因而在手术治疗以及整个围手术期处理中都应高度警惕,避免术后并发症的发生.     

阴茎神经鞘瘤的临床特点及诊治(附1例报告并文献复习)

目的 探讨阴茎神经鞘瘤的临床特点及诊治要点.方法 报告1例阴茎神经鞘瘤病例,患者以阴茎根部肿块收治,术前细胞学穿刺报告为神经纤维瘤,行肿瘤切除术.结果 患者术后病理诊断为阴茎神经鞘瘤;术后恢复较好.结论 阴茎神经鞘瘤缺乏特异性临床表现,术前诊断较为困难,穿刺活检有助于诊断及鉴别.确诊需依靠病理学证据,必要时可加做免疫组化,手术切除为主要治疗方法.     

胃神经鞘瘤9例临床分析

目的 分析胃神经鞘瘤的临床特点、诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾分析笔者近14年来收治的9例胃神经鞘瘤的临床资料。结果 本组9例均手术治疗，但无一例术前确诊。1例恶性胃神经鞘瘤术后只生存了8个月，良性的手术效果良好。本病主要表现是上腹部隐痛（9例）、腹部肿块（5例）和上消化道出血（3例）。结论 本病无特异性临床表现，术前确诊困难、误诊率高。本病一经确诊，应及早手术治疗。     

�����������뾱�ܶ����ֲ洦��Դ�����������о�

??Carotid body tumors and neurogenic tumors at bifurcation of carotid artery??a control study LI Guang-xin, XIN Shi-jie, ZHANG Jian, et al. Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Corresponding author: XIN Shi-jie, E-mail: sjxin@cmu.edu.cn
Abstract Objective To explore the experiences for differential diagnosis and surgical treatment of carotid body tumors and neurogenic tumors at bifurcation of carotid artery. Methods The clinical data of 16 cases of carotid body tumors and 14 cases of neurogenic tumors at bifurcation of carotid artery performed operation between November 2004 and June 2011 in the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical manifestations, imaging features, surgical procedures and follow up of the cases were compared. Results There is no statistical difference of age, sex, physical condition, clinical manifestation and size of tumors between two groups. The operating time ???119±46??min?? and bleeding volume ???230±127??mL?? of the former group were obviously larger than those ???65±13??min????89±38??mL??of the later group??P<0.05??. Fifteen cases of the former group had total tumor resection. Six of them had reconstruction of internal carotid artery using great saphenous vein graft. All cases of the later group had total tumor resection without occluding carotid artery. One case of the former group had minimal damage of hypoglossal nerve. One case of the former group had Horner syndrome after the operations. One case of the later group had hoarseness. Three cases of the later group had Horner syndrome after the operations. There was no difference in incidence of complication between two groups (P >0.05) . The hospital stay of the former group ???17±7??d?? was longer than that of the later group ???14±5??d?? ??P>0.05??. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of carotid body tumors and neurogenic tumors at bifurcation of carotid artery are similar. It’s difficult to diagnose exactly before operation. Surgical operation is an available treatment. A clear understanding of the disease and sufficient prepare before operation are key factors for successful treatment.     

颈动脉体瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨颈动脉体瘤的诊断与外科治疗.方法 分析山东大学附属省立医院血管外科2003年1月至2010年10月收治16例颈动脉体瘤患者,经数字减影血管造影术检查得以最终确诊.采用Shamblin分型标准分型:Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型11例,Ⅲ型2例,本组全部行外科手术治疗.3例ⅠⅠ型患者行单纯摘除术.11例Ⅱ型患者中,3例行单纯摘除术,3例行摘除术并颈外动脉切除,3例行摘除术、颈外动脉切除并颈动脉修补术,2例行摘除术、颈外动脉切除并颈内动脉重建术.2例Ⅲ型患者,1例行摘除术、颈外动脉切除并颈动脉修补术,1例行摘除术、颈外动脉切除并颈内动脉重建术.结果 16例患者病理均证实为颈动脉体瘤.无手术死亡、偏瘫和失明.术后并发症中以颅神经损伤最多见,共有7例(43.75%),经对症治疗,6例有不同程度改善,1例遗留永久性13角歪斜.随访13例(81.25%),随访时间2～76个月,平均(42.0±1.2)个月,未见肿瘤复发和远处转移.结论 数字减影血管造影术在颈动脉体瘤的诊断和治疗中具有重要意义,颈动脉体瘤应首选手术治疗,可根据瘤体与血管的关系选择适当的术式.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment for carotid body tumors (CBT). Methods Retrospective analysis was made on 16 cases of carotid body tumors hospitalized in Shandong Provincal Hospital from January 2003 to October 2010. All patients were diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography, including 3 case of Shamblin type Ⅰ,11 cases of Shamblin type Ⅱ and 2 cases of Shamblin type Ⅲ. Three cases of type Ⅰ and 3 cases of type Ⅱ underwent carotid body tumor resection. Three cases of type Ⅱ underwent carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection, 3 cases underwent carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection plus carotid artery repairment, 2 cases did carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection plus internal carotid artery reconstruction. One of type Ⅲ underwent carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection plus carotid artery repairment, and the other one underwent carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection plus internal carotid artery reconstruction. Results Diagnosis of CBT was confirmed by pathology in all cases. There was no postoperative death、hemiplegia and blindness. The cranial nerve injury was caused in 7 cases, accounting for 43. 75%. 13 cases ( 81. 25% ) were followed up for 2 to 76 months ( mean 42 months), no tumor recurrence and metastasis was found. Conclusions Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is important in the diagnosis and therapy of carotid body tumor. Surgical treatment is the choice of therapy for carotid body tumors.     

颈动脉体瘤81例诊断与手术治疗

目的 探讨颈动脉体瘤的诊断和手术治疗.方法 回顾性分析第四军医大学西京医院甲乳血管外科2008年11月-2015年11月收治的81例颈动脉体瘤患者的临床资料.采用SPSS19.0统计学软件对资料进行分析,总结颈动脉体瘤的诊断、手术方式选择、疗效及并发症防治措施.结果 74例进行了手术治疗,其中瘤体单纯剥离52例,瘤体切除联合颈外动脉结扎13例,瘤体切除连同颈内动脉和颈外动脉结扎7例,其中3例行人工血管颈内动脉端端吻合.术后死于急性心肌梗死1例,并发脑梗死2例,颅神经损伤6例,对症处理后缓解出院.无偏瘫、失语等严重并发症.瘤体大小和手术时间相关性分析:相关系数为0.226,无明显相关性.结论 CTA是最常用的术前检查方法.手术切除是治疗颈动脉体瘤的有效方法.保留或重建颈内动脉是手术成功的关键.术前充分评估,选择恰当术式,术中精细操作,保证脑灌注,是预防和减少并发症的关键.     

Reconstructive vascular surgery in stenosis and kinking of the internal carotid artery

Combination of stenosis and kinking of the internal carotid artery was revealed in 7.9% of 126 patients who underwent operation for stenosis of the bifurcation of the carotid artery. Among 9 patients with kinking of the internal carotid artery (ICA) 5 had a C-shaped kink, 2 - an S-shaped kink, and 2 patients looping of the artery. The combination led to a great measure to diminished volumetric cerebral blood flow (30-35 ml/min/g). The operations were performed under conduction anesthesia. Average time of ICA compression - 13 min. 26 sec. Retrograde pressure ranged from 42 to 88 mm Hg. In 2 cases the ICA was implanted into a new opening in the common carotid artery after eversion endarterectomy. The defect in the bifurcation was sutured. In 5 cases (4 with a C-shaped kink and 1 with an S-shaped kink) the artery was replanted into the former opening after eversion endarterectomy and resection of the kinked segment of the ICA. In 2 patients with looping of the artery the loop was resected with end to end anastomosis into the ICA and typical endarterectomy from the bifurcation of the carotid artery. There were no fatal outcomes. The results of operative treatment were good.     

Local fibrinolytic therapy in ischemic carotid pathology

Sixteen patients underwent local fibrinolytic therapy for thrombosis or embolism of the main trunk or intracranial branches of the Internal carotid artery. There were eight cases of complete thrombosis of the internal carotid artery, five proximal stenoses of the internal carotid artery with extensive thrombus, one thrombus of the carotid siphon and two middle cerebral artery emboli. Indications for treatment Included transient ischemic attacks in 11 cases, cerebral ischemia after carotid arteriography in two cases, and after surgery for atheromatous lesions of the carotid bifurcation In three cases. The fibrinolytic therapy was initiated during carotid surgery in three cases, where extended thrombosis of the internal carotid artery was discovered, which was Inaccessible to a Fogarty catheter. The other 13 cases were treated during arteriography procedures. Lysis of the clot was always obtained. One patient died of hematoma of the frontal lobe. All other patients survived and showed neurologic Improvement. The neurologic outcome was dependent on the duration and the degree of initial ischemia. Fibrinolytic therapy appears to be beneficial therapy for certain cases of cerebral ischemia.     

Duplex Doppler investigation of suspected vascular lesions at the carotid bifurcation

This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the role of duplex Doppler (DD) scanning in the diagnosis of masses of suspected vascular origin at the carotid bifurcation. We also assessed the different DD signs of carotid body tumors, especially the difference in resistance index (RI) in the external carotid artery on the side of the tumor. Over a 3-year period (1987–1991) all patients (n=50) with masses of suspected vascular origin at the angle of the mandible underwent DD investigation. The clinical diagnoses included carotid body tumors and carotid bifurcation area aneurysms. Arteriography was also performed in all patients. DD examination diagnosed carotid body tumors in 11 patients, aneurysms in 5, nonvascular lesions in 11, carotid artery kinks in 10, and a prominent carotid bifurcation in 13 patients. In 23 of 50 patients (46%) no pathology (kinks and prominent vessels) was present. DD imaging proved to be 100% accurate in diagnosing these lesions as determined by arteriography. The DD findings in carotid body tumors demonstrated a wineglass bifurcation containing a lesion with echoes as well as pronounced and turbulent multidirectional flow (hypervascular tumor flow). Low-resistance flow was present in the external carotid artery in 80% of patients, indicating the blood supply of the tumor. Patients with lumps of suspected vascular origin at the carotid bifurcation should be initially investigated by DD examination, which can accurately exclude the diagnosis of carotid body tumors and carotid aneurysms and clearly eliminate arteriography in these patients.Presented at the Congress of the Vascular Society of Southern Africa, Durban, South Africa, June 26–28, 1991.     

颈动脉体瘤的诊断和治疗

目的总结颈动脉体瘤的诊治经验,探讨颈动脉体瘤的诊断、术前准备、手术方法和并发症的防治。方法10例颈动脉体瘤患者,5例首诊时误诊为其他疾病。3例术前行数字减影血管造影检查,9例行B超检查,1例行ECT检查,5例行CT检查,3例行MRI检查,2例行脑血流图检查,仅3例手术前行颈动脉压迫试验。7例采用单纯瘤体切除,1例行瘤体与颈外动脉切除,1例行瘤体与部分颈总动脉、分叉及颈内、外动脉一同切除,未做颈动脉重建,1例瘤体切除同时行部分颈总动脉、分叉及颈内、外动脉切除,并行自体大隐静脉移植术。结果本组术后无死亡、偏瘫和失明病例,1例出现患侧口角歪斜,2例出现霍纳综合征,2例出现声嘶、呛咳,2例出现吞咽困难,3例出现舌歪。9例获随访,时间1～12年,无复发病例。结论临床医师应提高对颈动脉体瘤的认识,注意选择合适的检查方法以免误诊 充分的术前准备、良好的肿瘤暴露和手术技巧、精心的术后护理是治愈该病、预防并发症的关键。     

颈动脉体瘤15例的外科诊治体会

目的探讨颈动脉体瘤的诊断和手术治疗经验。方法回顾性分析1999年9月至2009年12月收治的15例颈动脉体瘤患者的临床资料。9例采用瘤体剥离术,6例行瘤体与所包裹的血管一并切除,切除后因血管长度不够,行血管间置,移植血管替代物中4例选用大隐静脉、1例选用颈外静脉、1例选用人工血管。结果15例术后病理证实为颈动脉体瘤,术后无死亡和偏瘫发生。舌下神经损伤1例,迷走神经损伤2例。结论颈动脉体瘤因为解剖上的特殊性,手术是治疗颈动脉体瘤首选的治疗措施。手术方式的选择应该根据肿瘤与动脉的密切关系来决定。     

A surgically treated case of giant pseudoaneurysm arising as a complication following carotid endarterectomy]

We reported a case of giant pseudoaneurysm (PA) originating at the left extracranial internal carotid artery after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). A 60-year-old man underwent CEA for severe stenosis of the left internal carotid artery. A day after the operation, a left cervical painful and pulsatile mass beneath the operative scar was noticed. Soon after that, the patient showed dyspnea, and intratracheal intubation was carried out. 6 days after CEA, a painful swelling reoccurred. A left carotid angiogram visualized a 5 x 5 cm sized PA in the region of the left carotid bifurcation and demonstrated patency of the two major carotid branches. After a balloon catheter had been inserted and inflated at the carotid bifurcation, the patient underwent a second operation. The bleeding from arteriotomy was well controlled by the inflated balloon catheter at the carotid bifurcation. The continuous SURGILENE suture appeared to be disrupted and a saccular PA was found to have arisen from a defect on the lateral surface of the carotid bifurcation. The suture was completely removed and arteriotomy was closed with a continuous SURGILENE suture again and some single sutures were added. A PA arising as a complication following CEA is rare, but the possibility of PA after CEA should be considered in any patient presenting with a painful or/and pulsatile mass in the neck at any time interval following the operation. Angiography at the early post-op stage is necessary to rule out the various complications after CEA. To control the bleeding, the balloon catheter was thought to be very useful.