优化的外踝上皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损

目的总结应用优化的外踝上皮瓣逆行转移修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2016年1月至2019年6月,漯河医学高等专科学校第二附属医院显微骨科收治16例足踝部中小面积皮肤软组织缺损患者,其中男12例,女4例;年龄18~63岁,平均48岁。应用优化的外踝上皮瓣进行修复。术前测量创面宽度,在小腿中下部或中部前外侧利用"提捏法"评估供区,确认可直接闭合。多普勒超声血流仪探测外踝上腓动脉终末穿支及近侧穿支,两穿支标记点连线为皮瓣中轴线,旋转点在外踝平面或下胫腓联合上缘水平,旋转点至创面近侧缘距离作为血管组织蒂长度,术中注意保护皮瓣蒂内的穿支血管及腓动脉终末穿支降支血管,小血管夹夹闭外踝上腓动脉终末穿支近侧的穿支血管后,放松止血带,评估皮瓣血运,必要时可打开骨间膜携带腓动脉。经明道转移皮瓣,并将蒂部覆盖的皮瓣优化设计成钝弧形或半圆形。对踝周及足底皮肤缺损的4例患者,将皮瓣近心端腓浅神经与腓肠神经端侧吻合。供区直接拉拢缝合。术后观察皮瓣成活情况。结果本组16例,皮瓣切取面积3.0 cm×1.5 cm~14.0 cm×6.0 cm。仅1例术后24 h出现皮瓣淤血肿胀,远端血运差,给予拆除蒂部部分缝线,1周后皮瓣尖端仍出现小面积坏死,经换药后愈合,其余皮瓣未经特殊处理顺利成活。共12例患者得到有效随访,随访时间为4个月至2年,皮瓣外形及功能满意。吻合神经的4例患者中3例得到随访,随访时间8~13个月,皮瓣感觉恢复至S2级1例,S3级2例。结论通过对皮瓣供区优化选择、皮瓣血管蒂长度及明道转移的优化设计,以及术中对皮瓣血运的评估与优化处理,不但提高了皮瓣成活率,而且获得了良好的外形与功能,虽部分患者因切取腓浅神经后可遗留不同程度的足背皮肤感觉功能障碍,但仍不失为修复足踝部中小面积皮肤软组织缺损较为理想的方法之一。     

腓动脉穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 :探讨腓动脉穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法:自2012年6月至2014年4月,采用腓动脉穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣治疗足踝部软组织缺损患者20例,其中男14例,女6例;年龄8~64岁,平均(36.2±4.6)岁;缺损面积5 cm×2 cm~22 cm×7 cm。损伤至手术时间8~90 d,平均(38.2±6.2)d。末次随访时采用美国足踝外科学会(AOFAS)踝-后足评分进行临床疗效评价。结果:20例均获随访,时间6~24个月,平均(13.5±2.2)个月。皮瓣外观及质地良好。手术时间90~210 min,平均(120±32)min。19例皮瓣全部存活,1例出现皮瓣部分坏死予再次清创植皮术后治愈。末次随访时AOFAS评分为(93.1±10.0),其中优14例,良6例。结论:腓动脉穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣治疗足踝部软组织缺损安全有效,临床疗效满意。     

穿支血管蒂螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 探讨穿支血管蒂螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2011年9月至2013年4月,使用穿支血管蒂螺旋桨皮瓣修复并获随访的20例足踝部软组织缺损患者资料,男12例,女8例;年龄5～75岁,平均45岁;5例为轮辐伤致足跟部软组织及跟腱缺损,4例跟骨骨折内固定术后感染致皮肤坏死,2例重物砸伤致足背皮肤缺损,9例车祸伤致足踝部软组织缺损;创面软组织缺损面积2 cm×8 cm～5 cm×20 cm;病程7～60 d.其中15例采用腓动脉终末支穿支皮瓣、5例采用胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损;皮瓣面积为5 cm×11 cm～7 cm×28 cm.所有穿支血管术前均在彩色多普勒超声下探查定位,穿支皮瓣的穿支口径0.8～1.0 mm.结果 超声定位术中穿支血管位置符合率为96.7％(29/30),术后供区直接缝合12例,游离植皮8例.术后24 h内1例发生静脉危象,经拆除部分缝线及放血疗法治愈.术后皮瓣均获随访,随访时间为1～18个月,所有皮瓣均存活良好,皮瓣蒂部平整,修复外形满意.结论 穿支血管蒂螺旋桨皮瓣操作相对简单,无需吻合血管,安全有效,适用于足踝部软组织缺损的治疗.     

股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 探讨游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法对18例足踝部皮肤软组织缺损患者进行皮瓣移植,缺损面积9 cm×6 cm～26 cm×15 cm.受区彻底清创,切取股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复创面.结果 18例均获得随访,时间6～12个月.皮瓣全部成活（其中2例皮瓣术后发生血管危象,经手术探查处理后成活）,皮瓣色泽、弹性、厚度均为优良,供区及受区外观均满意.结论 股前外侧穿支皮瓣供区隐蔽,用于足踝部皮肤软组织缺损修复,临床效果良好.     

外踝上动脉降支蒂逆行皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的：评价外踝上动脉降支蒂逆行皮瓣修复踝、足部软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法：自2009年5月至2013年10月利用外踝上动脉降支蒂逆行皮瓣修复踝、足部皮肤缺损合并肌腱、骨外露12例,男9例,女3例;年龄19～58岁,平均37.5岁。足背软组织缺损10例,踝部软组织缺损2例。缺损面积最大11 cm×9 cm,最小8 cm×5 cm.结果：12例均获随访,时间3～12个月,平均7.3个月。9例皮瓣全部成活;3例皮瓣远端边缘坏死,经换药治愈。皮瓣除轻度肿胀外,无溃疡等发生。结论：外踝上动脉降支蒂逆行皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损一期手术即可完成,具有血供可靠、切取简单安全、不损伤小腿的主要血管等优点。     

小儿腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 探讨小儿腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复足踝部软组织缺损的可行性,报道其临床应用的初步效果. 方法 收治交通事故致伤的小儿足踝部软组织缺损合并肌腱、骨关节外露5例,软组织缺损面积最小11 cm×6 em,最大17 cm×6 cm;全部采用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复,其中腹壁下动、静脉与胫前动、静脉吻合2例,腹壁下动、静脉与足背动、静脉吻合1例,腹壁下动、静脉与胫后动、静脉吻合2例.移植皮瓣面积最小12 cm×7 cm.最大18 cm×7 cm.腹部皮瓣供区直接缝合. 结果 皮瓣术后顺利成活,皮瓣受区与供区创口愈合良好.术后随访1～5个月(平均3个月),皮瓣颜色、质地好,外形不臃肿,4例恢复保护性感觉.足踝功能恢复良好,腹部外形恢复较好,腹壁功能无明显影响. 结论 腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣移植不携带深筋膜与腹直肌,对腹部外形和功能影响小,皮瓣薄,修复足踝部创面不需二期修薄整形,是修复小儿足踝部软组织缺损的理想方法.     

腓动脉踝上穿支皮瓣修复足部及踝部软组织缺损

目的报道以远端为蒂的腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复足背踝部软组织缺损。方法11例足背及踝部软组织缺损,采用远端为蒂的外踝上皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣面积最大19 cm×9 cm,最小5 cm×4 cm。结果11例皮瓣完全存活,随访时间2~21个月,皮瓣质地优良,外观及功能满意。结论远端为蒂的腓动脉穿支皮瓣是修复足背部软组织缺损的一种良好方法,该皮瓣具有血管恒定,切取方便,血供丰富且不需牺牲主要动脉的优点。     

胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损19例

目的探讨胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性研究2018年4月至2019年6月采用胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损19例的资料,其中男11例,女8例;年龄为21~75岁,平均39岁。根据前踝上穿支皮瓣解剖学基础,按照足踝部软组织缺损大小和形状,在小腿下端前外侧设计并切取皮瓣转位修复创面。切取胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣面积为6.0 cm×5.0 cm^14.0 cm×8.0 cm,均为带蒂皮瓣转位。根据皮瓣成活、感染控制、弹性色泽、外观形态、供区瘢痕、皮肤感觉、患者认可等情况,对患者足踝部软组织缺损的修复情况进行综合评价。结果本组19例皮瓣全部成活,软组织缺损、肌腱、骨质及钢板外露均得以修复。供区均I期愈合。术后门诊随访2~16个月,皮瓣血运良好,颜色接近周围正常皮肤,臃肿不明显,患者对外观表示满意;供区皮片愈合良好,无明显增生、挛缩及溃疡,踝关节功能良好。结论胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣是修复足踝部软组织缺损较为理想的方法之一,手术操作简便,穿支较恒定,血供可靠,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤缺损

严重的小腿外伤,常导致足踝部软组织缺损,肌腱、骨外露,由于该处软组织较少,修复比较困难。传统采用胫后动脉岛状瓣或小隐静脉腓肠神经筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣,但两种皮瓣各有优缺点。2005年4月至2007年6月采用胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤缺损6例,取得满意疗效,报告如下。     

胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣修复足背软组织缺损

目的为足背部皮肤及软组织缺损修复探讨一种新型供血来源的皮瓣。方法2003年11月-2005年12月,设计以胫前动脉踝上穿支为供血的皮瓣修复足背皮肤软组织缺损7例,其中男5例,女2例;年龄8-56岁。车祸伤2例,砸伤后慢性溃疡2例,电击伤、浓硫酸烧伤、热钢筋洞穿伤各1例。均合并软组织缺损、肌腱骨质外露,缺损范围4.5cm×3.0cm-10.0cm×9.0cm。病程1h-12个月。术中切取皮瓣6cm×5cm-10cm×10cm,穿支皮瓣蒂长1.5-2.7cm;皮瓣血管蒂位于踝上6-12cm。结果术后7例皮瓣全部成活,无淤血、坏死及张力性水泡发生。随访6-18个月,皮瓣外形及功能恢复满意,术后1年感觉恢复良好,两点辨别觉为6-12mm。结论以胫前动脉踝上穿支为供血的皮瓣修复足背软组织缺损,手术操作简便,安全可靠,是一种较理想的皮瓣供区。     

封闭负压引流结合穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣治疗足踝部创面

目的探讨封闭负压引流技术结合3种小腿穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣治疗足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法回顾性分析自2010-08—2013-06诊治的38例足踝部皮肤软组织缺损,创面彻底清创并应用封闭负压引流5~7 d后根据创面情况选择皮瓣修复,17例应用腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复,8例应用外踝上穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复,13例应用胫后动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复。结果术后皮瓣全部成活。随访5~12个月,无感染、骨坏死和慢性骨髓炎等并发症发生;皮瓣质地柔软,有弹性,供区愈合良好,足踝外形与功能恢复满意。结论应用封闭负压引流技术处理足踝部皮肤软组织缺损创面后,合理个体化选择小腿穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复,可减少感染机会及肉芽瘢痕,利于功能恢复。     

侧方指动脉穿支皮瓣在手指远端缺损修复中的临床应用

目的 探讨应用手指侧方指动脉穿支皮瓣修复指端缺损的临床疗效. 方法 2008年10月至2010年8月期间,应用手指侧方指动脉穿支皮瓣修复9例共12指指端部分缺损患者,其中拇指5指,示指2指,中指3指,环指2指.切取皮瓣面积为2.7 cm × 1.4 cm ～ 3.1 cm×1.8 cm,供区游离植皮修复. 结果 11例皮瓣血运良好,伤口一期愈合,1例术后出现皮瓣远端部分青紫,经局部换药3周后愈合.患者均获随访,随访3～6个月,皮瓣外形饱满,颜色质地接近正常.10例皮瓣术后3个月内两点辨别觉恢复至4～5 mm. 结论 应用手指侧方指动脉穿支皮瓣修复指端缺损,避免了主干血管损伤,皮瓣外观、感觉恢复良好,疗效满意.     

逆行足内侧隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复足前部皮肤缺损

Objective To investigate the effect of reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps for skin defects at forepart of feet. Methods From January 2004 to October 2008,15 cases of skin defects at forepart of feet were repaired with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. The flap size ranged from 3.5 cm × 3.0 cm to 8 cm ×5 cm. The wounds at donor site were closed with skin graft. Results All the flaps survived completely with no ulcer at the donor site. 10 patients were followed up for 1 ～ 9 months. The skin color and texture were satisfactory. The patients could walk very well. Conclusions It is reliable to repair the skin defects at forepart of feet with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. It is easily performed with less morbidity.     

逆行足内侧隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复足前部皮肤缺损

Objective To investigate the effect of reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps for skin defects at forepart of feet. Methods From January 2004 to October 2008,15 cases of skin defects at forepart of feet were repaired with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. The flap size ranged from 3.5 cm × 3.0 cm to 8 cm ×5 cm. The wounds at donor site were closed with skin graft. Results All the flaps survived completely with no ulcer at the donor site. 10 patients were followed up for 1 ～ 9 months. The skin color and texture were satisfactory. The patients could walk very well. Conclusions It is reliable to repair the skin defects at forepart of feet with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. It is easily performed with less morbidity.     

逆行足内侧隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复足前部皮肤缺损

Objective To investigate the effect of reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps for skin defects at forepart of feet. Methods From January 2004 to October 2008,15 cases of skin defects at forepart of feet were repaired with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. The flap size ranged from 3.5 cm × 3.0 cm to 8 cm ×5 cm. The wounds at donor site were closed with skin graft. Results All the flaps survived completely with no ulcer at the donor site. 10 patients were followed up for 1 ～ 9 months. The skin color and texture were satisfactory. The patients could walk very well. Conclusions It is reliable to repair the skin defects at forepart of feet with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. It is easily performed with less morbidity.     

逆行足内侧隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复足前部皮肤缺损

Objective To investigate the effect of reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps for skin defects at forepart of feet. Methods From January 2004 to October 2008,15 cases of skin defects at forepart of feet were repaired with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. The flap size ranged from 3.5 cm × 3.0 cm to 8 cm ×5 cm. The wounds at donor site were closed with skin graft. Results All the flaps survived completely with no ulcer at the donor site. 10 patients were followed up for 1 ～ 9 months. The skin color and texture were satisfactory. The patients could walk very well. Conclusions It is reliable to repair the skin defects at forepart of feet with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. It is easily performed with less morbidity.     

逆行足内侧隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复足前部皮肤缺损

Objective To investigate the effect of reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps for skin defects at forepart of feet. Methods From January 2004 to October 2008,15 cases of skin defects at forepart of feet were repaired with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. The flap size ranged from 3.5 cm × 3.0 cm to 8 cm ×5 cm. The wounds at donor site were closed with skin graft. Results All the flaps survived completely with no ulcer at the donor site. 10 patients were followed up for 1 ～ 9 months. The skin color and texture were satisfactory. The patients could walk very well. Conclusions It is reliable to repair the skin defects at forepart of feet with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. It is easily performed with less morbidity.     

逆行足内侧隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复足前部皮肤缺损

Objective To investigate the effect of reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps for skin defects at forepart of feet. Methods From January 2004 to October 2008,15 cases of skin defects at forepart of feet were repaired with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. The flap size ranged from 3.5 cm × 3.0 cm to 8 cm ×5 cm. The wounds at donor site were closed with skin graft. Results All the flaps survived completely with no ulcer at the donor site. 10 patients were followed up for 1 ～ 9 months. The skin color and texture were satisfactory. The patients could walk very well. Conclusions It is reliable to repair the skin defects at forepart of feet with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. It is easily performed with less morbidity.     

逆行足内侧隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复足前部皮肤缺损

Objective To investigate the effect of reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps for skin defects at forepart of feet. Methods From January 2004 to October 2008,15 cases of skin defects at forepart of feet were repaired with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. The flap size ranged from 3.5 cm × 3.0 cm to 8 cm ×5 cm. The wounds at donor site were closed with skin graft. Results All the flaps survived completely with no ulcer at the donor site. 10 patients were followed up for 1 ～ 9 months. The skin color and texture were satisfactory. The patients could walk very well. Conclusions It is reliable to repair the skin defects at forepart of feet with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. It is easily performed with less morbidity.     

逆行足内侧隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复足前部皮肤缺损

Objective To investigate the effect of reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps for skin defects at forepart of feet. Methods From January 2004 to October 2008,15 cases of skin defects at forepart of feet were repaired with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. The flap size ranged from 3.5 cm × 3.0 cm to 8 cm ×5 cm. The wounds at donor site were closed with skin graft. Results All the flaps survived completely with no ulcer at the donor site. 10 patients were followed up for 1 ～ 9 months. The skin color and texture were satisfactory. The patients could walk very well. Conclusions It is reliable to repair the skin defects at forepart of feet with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. It is easily performed with less morbidity.