汶川大地震期间无偿献血的组织、实施和启示

回顾分析汶川大地震救灾工作中群众无偿献血的组织和实施情况,可为今后战时或突发事件时的血液保障提供宝贵经验.文中综合分析救灾工作中无偿献血和临床用血情况,并与国外突发事件比较.此次地震发生后,来自群众的无偿献血量远远超出救治伤员的需求,应及时妥善协调,以免造成血液资源不必要的浪费;同时应加强血液需求量的评估和血液保存的研究,采取建立长期流动血液储备库等措施,既可保障突发事件情况下救援工作中的血液供应,又可缓解临床常规用血的压力.     

Hermaphroditism: cytogenetics, gonadal pathology and gender assignment: a case report

True hermaphroditism is a rare intersex disorder in which individuals possess both testicular and ovarian gonadal tissue. A case of true unilateral hermaphroditism presenting with ambiguous external genitalia, right scrotal testis and left pelvic ovotestis is herein outlined Phallic, gonadal and genetic factors were considered before male gender was assigned. Gender assignment procedures have been questioned by intersex activists opposed to early genital surgery. Western societies have a binary perspective on gender and this leads to a stigma being placed on intersex cases. A multidisciplinary approach to this problem involving paediatric specialists in the field, of endocrinology, surgery and psychiatry is necessary, along with educational programmes that promote tolerance in society to variations in gender.     

对教学设计的几点思考

本文比较了国内有关教学设计理论中关于教学设计的一些基本观点的异同。重点讨论了教学设计的定位、特点、研究对象和理论基础体系 ,并分析了教学设计的评价问题。     

关于网络教育的几点思考

网络渗透到教育领域使得自我教育和终身教育成为可能,同时网络教育也改变了传统教育的运行模式,赋予教育以全新的理念,但是网络教育也存在着一些先天不足,不可能完全取代传统教育.     

Proceduralisation, choice and parental reflections on decisions to accept newborn bloodspot screening

Newborn screening is the programme through which newborn babies are screened for a variety of conditions shortly after birth. Programmes such as this are individually oriented but resemble traditional public health programmes because they are targeted at large groups of the population and they are offered as preventive interventions to a population considered healthy. As such, an ethical tension exists between the goals of promoting the high uptake of supposedly 'effective' population-oriented programmes and the goal of promoting genuinely informed decision-making. There is, however, a lack of understanding with regard to how parents experience the tension between promoting uptake and facilitating informed choice. This paper addresses this issue, and data are presented to show how aspects of the timing, presentation of information and procedural routinisation of newborn screening serves to impact on the decisions made by parents.