室管膜下瘤的影像学诊断

目的:探讨室管膜下瘤CT及MR影像学表现,提高对该病的认识诊断能力。方法:回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的室管膜下瘤的CT及MR表现。结果:5例室管膜下瘤均位于侧脑室内,肿瘤有光滑清楚的边界,不侵犯室管膜下脑组织。CT平扫呈等密度或低密度,很少钙化。MR平扫,T1WI呈低、等信号,T2WI呈不均高信号,内呈多发小囊状信号。CT及MR增强扫描,肿瘤多无强化,或轻度强化。结论:室管膜下瘤有较为特征性的CT、MR影像学表现,CT及MR检查对其诊断及鉴别诊断极有帮助。     

原发性透明细胞型肝癌的CT和MRI诊断

目的 探讨原发性透明细胞型肝癌的影像表现,评价CT和MRI对该病的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析19例经手术病理证实的原发性透明细胞型肝癌的CT和MRI表现.13例行CT平扫和动态增强扫描,8例行MR T1WI、T2WI和动态增强扫描.结果 CT平扫13例病灶均为低密度,其中9例病灶内部见不规则的更低密度影.增强后动脉期所有病灶均有强化表现,9例病灶不均匀强化,病灶中心有无强化的低密度区.门静脉期11例病灶呈相对低密度,2例呈等密度.3例可见环形强化的包膜.MR T1WI上5例病灶为低信号,3例为稍高信号.T2WI上5例病灶为混杂高信号,3例为等、低信号.MRI增强动脉期所有病灶均有显著强化.门静脉期和延迟期7例病灶为相对低信号,1例为等信号.2例病灶见环形强化的包膜.结论 CT和MRI可显示原发性透明细胞型肝癌的特征性表现,有助于提高该病的诊断准确性.     

混合型肝癌的CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨混合型肝癌的CT及MR表现.方法 回顾性分析23例经手术病理证实的混合型肝癌的CT和MRI表现.18例行CT平扫和动态增强扫描,5例行MR平扫和动态增强扫描,观察其影像特征.结果 18例行CT检查的患者平扫表现为边界不清楚的低密度肿块(15例),并有淋巴结肿大(5例)、血管侵犯(7例)、卫星灶(5例)、假包膜(9例)、肝内胆管扩张(1例)等恶性肿瘤的特征;5例行MR检查的患者平扫T1WI序列上表现为低或略低信号,T2WI序列表现为高或略高信号,1例伴有淋巴结肿大,1例伴有血管侵犯,4例伴有假包膜.在CT、MR的动态增强上,大部分肿瘤在动脉期表现为肿瘤内部或周边不均匀强化,在静脉期肿瘤部分区域可见不均匀性高密度或信号(在动脉期图像上相对应为低密度信号区),延迟期仍可见对比剂潴留而呈高低混杂密度或信号.结论 平扫和动态增强CT及MR扫描能反映混合型肝癌的影像特点,具有一定特征性,有助于提高该病的诊断准确性.     

腹盆部局限性透明血管型Castleman病的影像学表现

目的 研究腹盆部局限性透明血管型Castleman病(HV-CD)的CT和MR特点.方法 回顾性分析12例经手术病理证实的腹盆部局限性HV-CD患者的CT(9例)和MR(3例)表现.结果 8例位于腹部,4例位于盆腔.主要CT及MR表现:边界清楚的孤立性肿块,伴或不伴周围多发子灶或肿大淋巴结,8例(66.67％)周围脂肪间隙清晰,4例(33.33％)周围脂肪间隙模糊、见晕状低密度带.CT平扫5例(55.56％)密度均匀,3例(33.33％)伴有裂隙样、灶状或囊柱状低密度区,2例(22.22％)伴有斑点状、细条状、分支状或簇状钙化.MR平扫表现为T1 WI等或略低信号,T2 WI高信号.11例增强(8例CT,3例MR)扫描中3例表现为延迟均匀强化,3例为均匀强化(2例轻中度强化,1例明显强化),5例表现为中度或明显不均匀强化.结论 腹盆部局限性HVCD的CT和MR表现有一定特征性,有助于该病的术前诊断.     

钙化上皮瘤的影像表现及病理基础

【摘要】目的：分析钙化上皮瘤的CT及MRI表现,并探讨其病理基础。方法：回顾性分析17例经手术病理证实的钙化上皮瘤患者影像学资料并复习相关文献,其中8例行CT平扫及增强扫描,6例行MR平扫及增强检查,2例仅行CT平扫,1例先行X线片,后行MR平扫加增强检查。结果：10例CT共13个病灶。8个病灶见钙化,其中5个病灶完全钙化。2个病灶见坏死。10个病灶边界清清楚,3个瘤周见絮状稍高密度影。8例CT增强扫描共11个病灶,其中3个轻度强化,5个不均匀中度强化,3个病灶完全钙化无强化。6例MR均为单发,2例T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈外周高中央低信号,DWI呈环状高信号,增强呈“环靶征”。2例T1WI呈等或稍高信号,T2WI呈高信号,内见微囊状更高信号,灶周可见斑片状高信号,增强不均匀强化。2例T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI均呈稍高信号,增强不均匀强化。1例X线片呈高密度,T1WI呈低信号,T1WI压脂呈不均匀稍高信号,T2WI压脂呈高低混杂信号,增强扫描不均匀强化,以中央强化较为明显。结论：钙化上皮瘤的影像表现有一定特征,当病灶位于皮下,边界清楚,CT见广泛泥沙样或致密的局灶性钙化,MR上见微囊状改变,增强扫描轻至中度强化,尤其呈“环靶征”表现时,应考虑到PM的诊断。     

儿童小脑毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT及MRI表现

目的分析儿童小脑毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT及MRI图像特征,以期提高该病的诊断率。方法收集经手术病理证实的小脑毛细胞型星形细胞瘤儿童患者12例,对本病的CT及MRI表现进行回顾性分析。结果本组12例均为单发,其中6例位于左侧小脑半球,4例位于右侧小脑半球,2例位于小脑蚓部;根据成分不同分为3型,即囊性、囊实性和实性为主;囊性部分CT平扫呈低密度,MR平扫呈T_1WI低信号、T_2WI高信号。实性部分及壁结节CT平扫呈略低或等密度,MR平扫T_1WI呈略低或等信号、T_2WI呈略高信号或等信号。瘤体边界清晰,瘤周水肿轻或无。增强后囊性部分无强化,囊壁不同程度强化,实性部分及壁结节明显不均匀强化。结论儿童小脑毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT及MRI表现具有一定特征性,本病需与其它某些小脑病变相鉴别。     

恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的回顾性分析恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤的CT和MRI表现,提高对该病的诊断准确性。方法搜集恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤病人12例,术前均进行了CT或MRI检查。结果CT表现平扫上为等、低密度混合的软组织肿块影,外形不规则,边界清楚(n=9)或模糊(n=3);增强扫描时呈不均性强化,坏死区不强化。MRI表现边界模糊,信号混杂。T1WI序列上多与肌肉等信号(n=11),内示局灶性长T1信号影;T2WI抑脂序列上以略高信号为主,边界清楚(n=2)或模糊(n=10),内示局灶性长T2信号,周围软组织浸润表现为片状高信号;增强扫描时呈不均性强化。结论恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤的CT和MRI表现具有一定的特征性。     

多形性黄色星形细胞瘤影像学表现与病理学分析

目的探讨多形性黄色星形细胞瘤(PXA)的影像学及病理学表现.方法回顾性分析2003-2011年间共12例经手术病理证实的 PXA 病人组织病理学、免疫组织化学和影像学资料.12例病人均行 MRI 平扫及增强检查,其中5例行 CT 平扫,2例行 CT 平扫和增强扫描.结果12例病人病理组织学均可见不同程度囊变,瘤细胞呈明显多形性,肿瘤中有淋巴组织浸润,少有坏死,核分裂少或无.其中10例表达 CD34.12例病人肿瘤均为单发,位于幕上.MRI 平扫时实性部分 T1WI 呈等信号或稍低信号,T2WI 为等信号或稍高信号;囊性部分 T1WI呈低信号,T2WI 呈高信号.MR 增强扫描时肿瘤实性部分和壁结节明显强化.5例病人进行 CT 平扫,3例表现为低密度囊性病变伴等密度结节,2例呈低密度囊性病变,未见明显结节影;增强扫描可见明显的强化结节.结论 PXA具有一定的影像和病理学特征,综合对比分析可以确定诊断.     

胸膜外孤立性纤维性肿瘤MSCT与MRI征象

目的:探讨胸膜外孤立性纤维性肿瘤(ESFT)的MSCT与MRI影像诊断。方法:分析12例ESFT的CT与MRI资料,5例行CT平扫和增强,4例MR平扫和增强,1例行CT平扫及MR平扫和增强,2例MR平扫。结果:腹盆部5例,头面部5例,四肢2例;单发11例,双发1例,共13处病灶;瘤体呈类圆形5例,不规则形8例;边缘清楚6例,边缘呈浸润或模糊状7例;实性10例,囊实性3例。CT平扫呈均匀及混杂密度各3例,5例增强后动脉期均匀强化2例,不均匀强化3例,强化呈斑片状和线条状,静脉期进行性增强或减低,3例见钙化及坏死。MR平扫肿瘤实质部分4例T1WI等信号,T2WI等及稍高信号;4例T1WI等、低信号,T2WI等、低或稍高混杂信号;增强后肿瘤实质明显强化。结论:ESFT影像学有一定特征,典型征象为孤立的明显进行性强化的软组织肿瘤,当肿瘤实质区T1WI或T2WI出现等低信号且增强明显强化时应考虑SFT诊断可能。     

卵巢甲状腺肿的CT和MRI表现

【摘要】目的：卵巢甲状腺肿（SO）临床罕见，且无典型症状和体征，术前容易误诊。本研究分析SO的CT及MR表现，以提高影像诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析10例经手术和病理证实的SO患者的影像学资料，其中7例行CT平扫及增强扫描，3 例行MR平扫及增强扫描。结果：10例SO均为单侧发病，右侧6例，左侧4例；其中囊实性7例，囊性2例，实性1例；肿瘤最大径1.4~15.6cm，平均（7.7±3.9）cm。 ①CT表现：7例CT检查病变均表现包膜完整，2例伴钙化。5例囊实性病变实性部分明显强化，CT值79~145HU；1例囊性病变内含圆形高密度区，CT值65~98HU，增强后无强化；1例实性病变明显强化，CT值128HU。②MR表现：3例MR检查病变中，2例囊实性病变实性部分T1WI等信号，T2WI稍高信号，增强后明显强化，囊性部分T1WI呈低信号，T2WI呈高信号，增强未见强化；1例囊性病变T1WI呈低信号，T2WI呈高信号，病变内见类圆形极低信号区。结论:卵巢甲状腺肿的MRI、CT 表现具有一定特征性，有助于诊断及鉴别诊断。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.