贲门失弛缓症腔内支架术的应用价值

目的　探讨腔内支架术在治疗贲门失弛缓症中的应用价值。方法　对因贲门失弛缓症的患者进行腔内支架术的病例进行了回顾分析。患者共 8例、使用 2种支架材料 ,其中不锈钢支架 2根、镍钛合金支架 6根。支架均经胃镜在X线电视下植入。结果　置放支架均一次成功 ,解除了患者进食困难 ,经 1～ 5年不等的随访 ,5例出现返流性食管炎 (其中 3例发生不同程度的上消化道出血 )。 1例植入支架腔内再狭窄。结论　腔内支架术治疗贲门失弛缓症能疏通患者进食通道 ,改善患者进食能力 ,由于失去正常贲门功能 ,患者出现不同程度的返流性食管炎 ,甚至消化道出血 ,贲门失弛缓症的患者应慎用腔内支架术。     

贲门失弛缓症的四种介入治疗成形术的选择和中远期疗效比较

目的探讨贲门失弛缓症有效的介入治疗方法,并分析4种介入治疗方法的中、远期疗效。方法238例贲门失弛缓症患者。其中球囊导管成形术组(A组)80例;永久性贲门支架成形组(B组)8例;暂时性贲门支架成形术组(C组)135例;直径递增组合成形术组(暂时性贲门支架加增加直径的球囊导管成形术8例;直径递增暂时性贲门支架成形术7例)15例(D组)。C、D组术后3～5d由胃镜取出支架。4种介入治疗方法随访时间6～138个月。结果A组80例共进行152次扩张,平均每例1.9次。并发症发生率为疼痛43.8%、反流27.5%、出血10.0%;随访半年、1、3、5、8年和10年以上患者吞咽困难复发率分别为32.5%、56.3%、85.5%、89.1%、92.6%、100%。B组8例,安放裸支架5枚和部分覆膜抗反流支架3枚,支架置入成功率100%。并发症发生率为疼痛5/8、反流5/8、出血3/8、肉芽组织增生3/8;随访半年、1、3年和5年以上患者吞咽困难复发率分别为3/8、4/8、5/8、4/8。C组135例,安放部分覆膜支架135枚。并发症发生率为疼痛39.3%、反流21.5%、出血17.0%;随访半年、1、3、5、8年和10年以上患者吞咽困难复发率分别为7.4%、8.7%、12.9%、23.9%、42.1%、66.7%。D组15例,并发症发生率为疼痛73.3%、反流40.0%、出血40.0%;随访半年、1、3年和5年以上患者吞咽困难复发率分别为12.5%、20.0%、27.3%、28.6%。4种介入治疗方法治疗前后贲门管腔直径、吞咽困难评分等差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。结论暂时性贲门支架成形术是贲门失弛缓症介入治疗中的首选方法;直径递增组合成形术为贲门失弛缓症介入治疗的补充方法。     

贲门失弛缓症介入治疗进展

贲门失弛缓症是一种原发性食管运动障碍疾病,由下食管括约肌(LES)张力增高及松弛不良造成,主要表现为吞咽障碍,其发病机制目前尚不明确。各种治疗方法的目的均为降低LES的紧张性和阻滞性以缓解症状。目前治疗贲门失弛缓症的方法有药物治疗、肉毒毒素治疗、外科肌松解术、球囊导管成形术和贲门支架成形术。暂时性贲门支架成形术,是近年来使用的新介入治疗法,具有较好的优势和疗效,将成为治疗贲门失弛缓症的首选微创疗法。     

可回收食管覆膜支架治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效观察

目的评价国产可回收食管覆膜金属内支架治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床疗效。方法对16例临床诊断为贲门失弛缓症的患者,在DSA监视下经口腔置入Z型双喇叭口覆膜金属内支架,28d左右进行食管造影并回收内支架。结果16例中1例于术后2周支架脱落入胃腔内,经取出重新放置成功;所有病例在28d左右顺利取出,未出现严重并发症;随访3个月～3年,2例分别于术后1、1.5年出现再狭窄,经球囊扩张好转。所有患者无吞咽困难等临床症状。结论可回收食管覆膜金属内支架治疗贲门失弛缓症,具有操作简便、安全、效果显著、并发症少、再狭窄率低等优点。     

大球囊扩张成形治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的：探讨直径3．5-4．5cm大球囊扩张成形治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效及价值。方法：透视监视下应用大球囊对34例贲门失弛缓症患者进行扩张治疗。结果：34例中1次扩张治愈32例，2例扩张2次治愈。术后随访24—35月，吞咽困难缓解率100％，l例有轻度食管返流症状，无l例复发。结论：利用大球囊扩张成形治疗贲门失弛缓症安全、有效，值得推广。     

双球囊组合扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床研究

目的　评价双球囊组合扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效及其价值。方法　采用双球囊组合扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症患者 5 2例。结果　近期有效率 10 0 % ,远期有效率 ,1次扩张 96 % ,2次扩张 10 0 %。结论　双球囊组合扩张术是治疗贲门失弛缓症安全有效 ,易于操作的方法。     

Boston专用球囊治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的：回顾总结Boston贲门扩专用球囊治疗贲门失弛缓症26例方法与疗效。方法：在电视监视下经口腔程序置入加强导丝和Boston专用球囊至贲门狭窄部,狭窄严重者需用20－25mm球囊预扩张。用注入15％造影剂方法,循序渐进与间接性扩张,扩至最大直径持续5min后松解,3－5min再次扩张,连续3－4次。结果：26例中球囊放置成功率100％,1次扩张成功24例,2例2次扩张。术后随访2周－31个月,平均10．6个月,无1例复发,吞咽困难缓解率100％。3例轻度食管反流症状。结论：采用Boston直径40mm专用球囊治疗贲门失弛缓症是简便而有效的方法,可以取代外科手术。     

带囊导管扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症95例经验总结

本文报告带囊导管扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症９５例，近期效果显著，远期有效者为９５．７６％。作者强调对贲门失弛缓症实施扩张球囊的直径不得小于４．０ｃｍ（儿童患者酌减），提出影响疗效的因素与患者的病程、年龄以及贲门狭窄的程度有关。对本病大球囊扩张的原理、疗效及并发症进行了探讨，认为可将扩张法作为贲门失弛缓症的首选疗法。     

特制大支架治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效观察

目的探讨大食管支架对贲门失弛缓症的疗效。方法21例贲门失弛缓症患者,女性14例,男性7例,年龄20—68（28．3±47．6）岁,病史2～19年。按Stooler吞咽困难分级：Ⅱ级（能进半流食）2例,Ⅲ级（能进流食）10例,Ⅳ级（不能进食）9例,均置入特制加大直径（28mm）的全膜支架体部,加用回收线及防滑线,经过7～14d后取出支架;观察术前、术后患者的吞咽困难改善情况、贲门通畅程度、并发症的发生率及生活质量状态的变化。结果21例顺利完成治疗,吞咽困难症状均完全消失;取出支架1W后,对21例再次行Stooler分级,均为0级,随访24个月无复发。不良反应：置入支架期间2～3d,21例有F胸及中上腹部隐痛不适,其中15例恶心、呕吐,但无活动性上消化道出血,无一例出现食管穿孔等严重并发症,无支架移位。结论大支架治疗贲门失弛缓症,疗效满意,安全、不良反应少。     

Boston专用球囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症107例报告

目的总结Boston专用扩张球囊治疗贲门失弛缓症105例的方法与疗效。方法在电视监视下经口腔置入加强导丝,并经导丝引入球囊于贲门狭窄部,狭窄严重者需用20～25 mm球囊预扩张。手推法球囊内注入15%造影剂,将球囊循序渐进与间断性扩张至球囊存在小切迹为止。持续5 m in后松解,3～5 m in后再扩张,连续2~3次。结果 105例球囊扩张成功率100%,13例2次扩张,1例无效和1例破裂手术,术后随访2周~6年,总有效率98%。结论采用直径40 mm专用球囊治疗贲门失弛缓症,方法简单、疗效可靠,可以取代外科手术。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.