颌面区Kimura病CT和MR诊断

目的探讨CT和MRI对颌面区Kimura病的诊断价值,旨在提高对Kimura病的认识。资料与方法回顾性分析6例经病理证实的腮腺区Kimura病的临床、CT和MRI表现。结果6例Kimura病病程长（平均5．5年）,表现为面部和腮腺区无痛性肿大或肿块（其中1例双侧肿大）,皮肤瘙痒。所有患者血常规嗜酸性粒细胞均明显增多（平均超出正常值约5～6倍）。CT和MRI表现为：（1）单侧或双侧腮腺浅叶弥漫性增大,常有多个结节;（2）累及并侵犯面部皮下组织,邻近皮肤增厚;（3）腮腺周围、颌下周围和颈深上淋巴结增大,增大的淋巴结密度或信号均匀,边界清楚光滑,无坏死、囊变,几乎不融合。结论Kimura病有一定的临床和影像特点,结合实验室检查,术前可以正确诊断。     

头颈部Kimura病的影像表现与临床病理分析

目的:探讨头颈部Kimura病的影像学表现及临床病理特点。方法:回顾性分析7例经病理证实、临床资料完整的Kimura病CT及MR表现。结果:7例患者临床体征均为一侧或两侧颌面部和腮腺区无痛性肿大或肿块,及局部淋巴结肿大,并伴随外周血嗜酸细胞(33%～72%)及免疫球蛋白E(1 500～6 000U/ml)明显升高。CT及MRI表现为双侧腮腺弥漫性增大,内见多发结节,CT呈等低密度,MR T1W呈低信号,T2W及SPAIR呈高信号,CT及MRI增强扫描呈较明显强化,周围脂肪间隙模糊,周围软组织轻度肿胀。颏下、双侧颌下、颈动脉鞘区可见多发肿大淋巴结。镜下可见大量淋巴组织反应性增生,有明显的淋巴滤泡形成,并有大量嗜酸粒细胞浸润形成嗜酸粒细胞性微脓肿。免疫组化示CD20(+)、CD3(+)、CD1(+)、S-100少数细胞散在(+)。结论:头颈部Kimura病的影像学表现有一定的特征性,结合临床及实验室检查,可以提出Kimura病的诊断,但最终诊断须依靠组织病理学。     

头颈部嗜酸性淋巴肉芽肿的CT表现

目的 :分析头颈部嗜酸性淋巴肉芽肿(ELG)的CT表现,以提高对该病的诊断准确性。方法 :回顾性分析11例经病理证实的头颈部ELG的CT表现及相关临床资料。结果:发生在颌下区5例,腮腺5例,耳后皮下1例;双侧发病2例,单侧发病9例。其中颌下区病变最大者截面3.6 cm×2.5 cm,腮腺病变最大者截面9.0 cm×5.0 cm,耳后病变较大者1.5 cm×0.8 cm。CT表现为颌下区病变(累及腺体或淋巴结)体积明显增大,增强扫描后病变以均匀或不均匀强化为主。腮腺病变表现为腮腺体积增大,密度不均匀,内示多发结节或团块影,增强扫描呈结节样强化。1例发病在左侧耳后皮下,表现为左耳后皮下2枚结节影。体积增大的病灶均对周围组织产生不同程度的压迫或浸润。外周嗜酸性粒细胞均增加。结论:头颈部ELG的影像表现有一定特征性,仔细分析其特征并结合临床表现、实验室检查指标,术前作出诊断并不困难。     

腮腺淋巴结病变的MRI表现

目的 :分析腮腺淋巴结病变的MRI形态学表现及特征。方法:收集19例经手术病理证实的腮腺淋巴结病变患者的MRI资料。结果 :本组淋巴结反应性增生5例,淋巴瘤4例,非结核性淋巴结肉芽肿性炎3例,结核性淋巴结肉芽肿性炎2例,增殖性淋巴结核1例,嗜酸性淋巴肉芽肿1例,Castleman病1例,淋巴结转移腺癌1例,慢性腮腺淋巴结炎1例。1例慢性淋巴结炎表现为单发不规则肿块,边界不清,信号不均,增强扫描显著强化;1例淋巴结转移癌表现为腮腺后下极单发圆形结节,边界清楚,T1WI呈中央均匀稍高信号、周围环形低信号,T2WI呈中央高信号、边缘环状稍高信号,2例均术前误诊。其余17例均表现为腮腺单侧或双侧多发结节及肿块,边界清楚,信号均匀一致;1例淋巴瘤见不规则融合状,其余为圆形或卵圆形;3例淋巴瘤及1例嗜酸性肉芽肿部分病变融合,其余不相融;均伴腮腺周围、颈部、颌下淋巴结增大且信号一致。结论:腮腺淋巴结病变病理种类较多,且影像表现共性较多,部分单发病变缺乏特点易误诊,多发病变结合腮腺外淋巴结可诊断,但部分病理类型鉴别困难。     

CT及MRI对腮腺腺淋巴瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤的CT及MRI表现,旨在提高对本病的认识.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的35例腮腺腺淋巴瘤的CT和MRI 的表现.其中男32 例,女3例.年龄19～82岁,平均55岁,50岁以上28例(66.7%).有吸烟史30例(85.8%).平均病程17个月.结果 CT及MRI表现:共发现55个肿瘤(其中单侧单发25 例,单侧多发5例,双侧多发5例),大部分(45/55,81.8%)肿瘤位于腮腺后下方.在CT/MRI上,肿瘤呈圆形、椭圆形或分叶状软组织肿块,边缘光整,密度/信号均匀或不均匀,增强后表现为早期轻中度强化.结论 腮腺腺淋巴瘤有一定的临床和影像特点,术前CT 和/或MRI检查,有利于肿瘤的诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗方法 的选择.     

头颈部嗜酸性淋巴肉芽肿的影像及病理学分析

目的 探讨头颈部嗜酸性淋巴肉芽肿(KD)的影像表现及病理特征,以提高对该病的术前诊断率。方法 回顾性分析8例经病理证实的头颈部KD患者的临床影像及病理表现。结果 8例KD患者中,单发与多发各4例;部位:腮腺6例、口底(颌下腺区)1例、眼睑1例,其中2例累及腹股沟。CT和MRI征象:①累及腮腺者(4例):患侧腮腺、面部弥漫性增大,结节边界欠清或较清,密度略高于腮腺,T₁加权像多为等信号,T₂加权像信号则多为等、低信号,增强扫描有不同程度强化;②累及头颈部其他部位(如颌下腺区、眼睑等)者:病变密度、信号、强化程度亦与累及腮腺者类似,但可有周围组织的受累(如颅骨);③周围淋巴结常不同程度受累、增大,密度、信号均匀,边界清楚,无坏死,无融合;往往累及局部皮下组织,邻近皮肤增厚。病理:KD组织成分基本一致,均由淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、小血管和纤维组织以不同比例组成。结论 KD有一定的好发部位和临床特点,结合影像学检查与病理分析,可大大提高其术前诊断的正确率。     

MRI诊断头颈部木村病的临床价值

目的探讨MRI诊断头颈部木村病的临床价值。方法选取我院2010年4月~2016年4月收治的头颈部木村病患者43例作为研究对象,所有患者均行MRI检查,记录患者的病灶情况、临床表现、MRI表现以及病理学表现。结果 43例患者中,发现59个病灶,其中37例患者病灶部位在单侧,6例患者病灶在双侧。而病灶部位主要在腮腺及皮下肿块(11例)、腮腺(9例)、右侧腮腺及右侧耳周(7例)、左侧腮腺及右侧颌下腺(7例)、双侧腮腺及下颌腺(6例)、右侧腮腺及颞区皮下肿块(3例)。经MRI检查显示59个病灶中有56个病灶(94.92%)浸润到皮下组织,产生弥漫性肿块,显示边界欠清晰,病灶形态不规则。结论临床上对木村病的诊断需须结合相关实验室检查及临床表现来确诊,而影像学检查中MRI诊断头颈部木村病的诊断准确率更高,值得临床广泛应用。     

Kimura病的CT、MRI表现

目的 探讨Kimura病的CT、MRI表现,提高该病的术前诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析11例经病理证实的Kimura病患者的临床特征、CT及MRI表现.11例Kimura病患者发生于(或累及)腮腺区7例,颌面部2例,硬腭1例,腹股沟1例(其中3例为异位复发,2例为原位复发).均表现为无痛性肿物,平均病程2年以上;嗜酸性粒细胞均明显增高.结果 CT和MRI表现:5例单发结节,6例多发结节;最小者约6 mm×3 mm,最大者约60 mm ×34 mm;较大结节边界不清楚,较小者边界清楚,邻近脂肪间隙内见条索影浸润,10例颌面部病灶均位于浅筋膜下;CT显示9例密度均匀,稍低于肌肉密度;3例在MR T2WI上呈稍高信号,在T1 WI上呈等或稍低信号;11例肿块呈中度至重度、均匀或不均匀强化;9例肿块(8例颌面部、1例腹股沟)伴有同侧(或双侧)引流区淋巴结肿大,边界清楚,无坏死,无融合,强化明显.结论 Kimura病具有一定的临床和影像特征,结合实验室检查,可以进行正确诊断.     

头颈部Rosai-Dorfman病的影像学表现(5例报道并文献分析)

目的 探讨头颈部Rosai-Dorfman病(RDD)的影像学表现,以提高对该病的认识。方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的头颈部5例RDD患者的临床和影像资料,结合文献总结其影像学特征。2例患者进行了CT检查,3例患者同时进行了CT和MRI检查。结果 淋巴结型2例,表现为双侧颈部、颌下多发淋巴结增大,部分融合,密度均匀,病灶轻-中度均匀强化;混合型2例表现为鼻腔鼻窦内不规则肿块,鼻道狭窄,肿块明显强化,上颌骨部分破坏伴明显强化,同时见颈部淋巴结增大;结外型1例表现为左侧额顶部脑膜结节状增厚,明显强化,可见脑膜尾征。结论 头颈部RDD的影像表现有一定的特异性,需结合病理才能做出准确诊断。     

腮腺腺淋巴瘤的CT、MRI诊断及鉴别诊断

目的探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现特点,提高对本病的诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的24例腮腺腺淋巴瘤患者的临床及CT、MRI表现。结果 24例腮腺腺淋巴瘤共发现37个肿瘤(单侧单发13例,单侧多发6例.双侧多发5例),其中30个(81.1%)位于腮腺浅叶和后下象限。肿瘤一般呈圆形、椭圆形或分叶状软组织肿块,边缘光整,密度均匀或不均匀,囊变区呈类圆形液性密度灶;T1WI呈低信号,T2WI及压脂T2WI呈低、高混杂信号,囊变区呈明显的T1WI低信号T2WI高信号。增强后表现为早期轻中度强化。结论腮腺腺淋巴瘤有一定的临床和影像特点.根据其发病年龄、性别、部位及影像学表现,有助于该病的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.