女性弥漫性恶性腹膜间皮瘤的MSCT表现

目的:探讨女性弥漫性恶性腹膜间皮瘤的CT表现,提高对其认识水平。方法:回顾性分析5例经病理证实的女性弥漫性恶性腹膜间皮瘤的CT表现,复习相关文献,分析其临床特征及影像学表现。结果:5例弥漫性恶性腹膜间皮瘤的CT表现与术中所见相符,均表现为腹腔积液及腹膜不规则增厚;腹膜多发实性结节或肿块3例;双侧卵巢及输卵管受累3例,1例累及右侧卵巢、输卵管,出现囊实混合性(囊性成分为主)或实性肿块;腹膜后淋巴结转移1例。结论:CT有助于女性弥漫性恶性腹膜间皮瘤的诊断,但确诊需依据病理学诊断。     

腹膜间皮瘤的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨腹膜间皮瘤的CT特征,以提高对该病的影像学诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析7例经病理证实的腹膜间皮瘤的临床及CT资料。结果:本组弥漫型6例,其中恶性腹膜间皮瘤5例,CT示腹腔肠间脂肪密度增高,并有多发软组织结节或软组织肿块,大网膜增厚,呈饼状,伴肠系膜缩短、呈放射状排列,肠壁增厚,均伴大量腹腔积液;高分化乳头状腹膜间皮瘤1例,网膜呈饼状增厚,伴少量腹腔积液。局限型1例,CT表现为胃窦部下方软组织肿块影,无腹腔积液。结论:腹膜间皮瘤CT诊断有一定困难,多诊断为转移瘤或腹膜结核,若结合临床资料,可提高对该病的诊断水平。     

恶性局限性腹膜间皮瘤的CT诊断与病理基础

目的 探讨恶性局限性腹膜间皮瘤的CT诊断价值。方法 分析4例恶性局限性腹膜间皮瘤的CT表现特点及其病理基础。结果 4例恶性局限性腹膜间皮瘤的CT表现均为巨大孤立性肿块,瘤径平均大小为13cm。其中3例为囊实性,以多囊性为主;1例为实性,内见不规则坏死。增强扫描,4例肿瘤实质区均显著强化,密度增高最大者达106HU, 平均76HU。无远处转移及腹水。结论 恶性局限性腹膜间皮瘤CT表现具有多囊变、实性部分显著强化及无地锭处转移等特征。     

低度恶性腹膜囊性间皮瘤的影像与病理

探讨低度恶性腹膜囊性间皮瘤的影像学表现与病理基础 ,回顾性分析经病理证实的 14例低度恶性腹膜囊性间皮瘤的X线、CT或MRI影像表现特点。本组 14例腹膜低度恶性囊性间皮瘤以中年女性多见 ,男女之比为 3∶11。主要症状为腹部疼痛或不适 ,10例CT或MRI检查发现 3例为局限性单发囊性肿块 ,5例为多发囊性结节 ,6例为弥漫性囊性结节。大多数低度恶性腹膜囊性间皮瘤的X线、CT或MRI显示有一定的特征性改变 ,从而可获得诊断     

卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤的CT诊断

目的 探讨卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤的CT特点.资料与方法 回顾性分析62例卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤的CT资料,包括卵黄囊瘤24例、未成熟畸胎瘤22例、无性细胞瘤11例和良性畸胎瘤恶变5例.结果 囊性肿块9例,囊实性肿块19例,实性肿块34例.26例肿块内可见钙化.22例显示脂质成分.14例未成熟畸胎瘤可见盘曲带状略低密度影.2例良性畸胎瘤恶变囊肿内可见不规则头结节.11例可见腹膜种植结节.22例累及邻近脏器.10例盆腔淋巴结肿大.29例腹腔积液.结论 卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤的CT表现有一定特征性.结合临床,CT有助于本病的诊断和鉴别.     

多层螺旋CT对腹膜假性黏液瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨腹膜假性黏液瘤的MSCT表现.方法 搜集经手术、病理证实的腹膜假性黏液瘤11例,回顾性分析其CT表现.结果 腹膜假性黏液瘤的MSCT平扫见腹腔不规则囊实性肿块,CT值18.5～27.6 HU;肝脾等实质脏器边缘扇贝样或结节状压迹,脏器周围、网膜间隙、腹腔、盆腔见大量黏液性腹水;腹膜、大小网膜弥漫性不规则增厚;增强扫描显示囊实性病变仅见囊壁、网膜、腹膜轻度强化,囊内病灶无明显强化.结论 MSCT检查对该病的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要的价值.     

囊性肾癌的超声与CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨超声及CT对囊性肾癌的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术和病例证实的25例囊性肾癌的超声及CT表现。结果:依据各种不同的影像学表现将囊性肾癌分为:单房囊肿型,多房囊肿型,附隔、壁结节型和囊实混合型四类。其特点为:囊壁及囊内间隔局部不规则增厚或附有实性结节,以囊性为主的囊实性肿块;增厚的囊壁、间隔或附壁结节内可见强化。结论:超声及CT检查对囊性肾癌的诊断与鉴别诊断具有一定的临床实用价值。     

女性结核性盆腔炎CT诊断

目的:探讨女性结核性盆腔炎的CT表现与鉴别诊断.材料和方法:回顾性分析14例经手术或穿刺病理证实的女性结核性盆腔炎的CT表现和临床资料.结果:CT表现为:①9例盆腔包块,其中囊性包块4例,实性1例,囊实混合性4例;②9例盆腔脏器同腹膜广泛粘连;③8例盆腹腔积液,其中6例为包裹性;④3例病灶内钙化;⑤4例盆腹腔淋巴结增大;⑥4例双侧附件软组织增厚;⑦6例腹膜、肠系膜、大网膜增厚、强化;⑧1例直肠壁和乙结肠肠壁不规则增厚.结论:盆腔囊性、囊实性包块和包裹性积液及盆腔广泛粘连是结核性盆腔炎最常见的CT表现,并非特异性征象.病灶内钙化和盆腔淋巴结囊性肿大是支持结核性盆腔炎的重要辅助征象.当CT检查女性盆腔肿块时,发现可疑炎性包块并与周围组织有明显粘连、多脏器累及倾向,或发现盆腔积液呈包裹性时,应进一步结合有关临床病史及实验室报告,结核性盆腔炎作为必要的鉴别诊断,不应忽视.     

青石棉所致胸膜间皮瘤CT分析

目的分析因环境接触青石棉所致胸膜间皮瘤病例的CT征象。方法对55例经证实的胸膜间皮瘤病例CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果在55例中,局限型胸膜间皮瘤1例并恶变,伴少量胸水;弥漫型胸膜间皮瘤54例,其中无胸水13例,少或中等量胸水30例,大量胸水11例。右下胸膜间皮瘤伴对侧胸水4例。CT表现为胸膜增厚>2cm,呈花边状、结节状或软组织肿块,增强有强化。结论CT对确定胸膜间皮瘤部位、范围及随访方面作用较大。     

卵巢纤维瘤的CT表现及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨CT对卵巢纤维瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析11例(12个肿块)卵巢纤维瘤的临床及CT表现。结果:11例(12个肿块)中4例见腹腔积液,1例瘤内出血。CT表现:(1)单纯肿块型6例,表现为密度均匀的实性肿块,不强化或轻度强化;(2)囊状变性型4例,肿块边界清晰,内有圆形或不规则形低密度影,增强扫描肿瘤实性成分无明显强化或轻度不均匀强化,低密度区无强化;(3)血管扩张型1例,表现为肿瘤明显持续强化。结论:卵巢纤维瘤的CT表现有一定特征性,多表现为附件区的实性肿块,呈轻度强化或不强化,有助于与其他卵巢肿瘤鉴别。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.