Plasma vitamin C is inversely related to body mass index and waist circumference but not to plasma adiponectin in nonsmoking adults

We examined the relationships between plasma vitamin C, adiposity, and the collagen-like adipokine, adiponectin. Of 118 sedentary, nonsmoking adults participating in the cross-sectional trial (35 men and 83 women aged 38.7 +/- 1.0 y with BMI of 30.4 +/- 0.6 kg/m2, plasma vitamin C concentrations of 43.5 +/- 1.3 micromol/L, and plasma adiponectin concentrations of 8.9 +/- 0.3 mg/L), 54% were obese and 24% were overweight. Plasma vitamin C was inversely related to BMI, percentage of body fat, and waist circumference in both women and men (r = -0.383 to -0.497, P < 0.025). In women but not men, these associations remained significant after controlling for body mass. Plasma vitamin C was directly related to plasma adiponectin in the women after controlling for age and vitamin C supplement use (r = 0.222, P = 0.049) but not after controlling for body mass. Twenty obese men and women participated in an intervention trial and consumed an energy-restricted diet low in vitamin C (approximately 38 mg/d) for 8 wk. Subjects were stratified by age, gender, and BMI and randomly assigned to receive placebo or vitamin C (500 mg) capsules daily. At baseline, plasma adiponectin was directly related to plasma vitamin C (r = 0.609, P = 0.021) and inversely related to body mass (r = -0.785, P = 0.001). Body mass decreased significantly during the 8 wk study in both the vitamin C (n = 6, -5.9 +/- 0.9 kg) and placebo groups (n = 8, -6.5 +/- 0.7 kg). Plasma adiponectin increased 13% from baseline by wk 8 in both groups (P < 0.05). In summary, plasma vitamin C was inversely related to markers of adiposity, particularly in women, but vitamin C supplementation did not influence the circulating concentration of adiponectin.     

QT dispersion in uncomplicated human obesity

OBJECTIVE: Because obese patients generally may be prone to ventricular arrhythmias, this study was designed to measure the interval between Q- and T-waves of the electrocardiogram (QT) interval dispersion (QTD) in uncomplicated overweight and obese patients. QTD is an electrocardiographic parameter whose prolongation is thought to be predictive of the possibility of sudden death caused by ventricular arrhythmias. To better evaluate the association between obesity per se and QTD, the study population was intentionally selected because they were free of complications. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: QTD (defined as the difference between the maximum and the minimum QT corrected interval [QTc] across the 12-lead electrocardiogram) was measured manually in 54 obese patients (Group A: mean body mass index [BMI] of 38.1 +/- 0.9 kg/m2 [SEM], 15 males and 39 females), 35 overweight patients (Group B: mean BMI of 27.3 +/- 0.2 kg/m2, 10 males and 25 females), and 57 normal weight healthy control subjects (Group C: mean BMI of 21.9 +/- 0.2 kg/m2, 17 males and 40 females). The obese and overweight patients had no heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, or impaired glucose tolerance and did not have any hormonal, hepatic, renal or electrolyte disorders. The study subjects were matched in terms of age (mean age 38.4 +/- 1.2 years) and sex. RESULTS: The QTDs were comparable among the three groups: Group A, 56.4 +/- 2.6 ms; Group B, 56.7 +/- 2.1 ms; and Group C, 59.4 +/- 2.1 ms; not significant. The QTc intervals of Group A and Group B were similar to that of Group C (411.8 +/- 3.3, 407.2 +/- 3.9, and 410.3 +/- 3.9 ms, respectively [not significant]) and did not correlate with BMI. An association was found between QTD and QTc (r = 0.24, p < 0.005). Using multivariate stepwise regression analysis of the study population, QTD did not correlate with age, BMI, waist circumference, or abdominal sagittal diameter. DISCUSSION: These data suggest that QTD in uncomplicated obese or overweight subjects is comparable with that in age- and sex-matched normal weight healthy controls. In this study population, no association was found between QTD and anthropometric parameters reflecting body fat distribution.     

Serum iron and body fat distribution in a multiethnic cohort of adults living in New York City

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between serum iron and body composition in a multiracial adult cohort. METHODS: The analysis consisted of 670 participants on whom blood analysis and anthropometric data were available. The participants were recruited as part of the Rosetta Study (1990-2000), which was designed to assess body composition in a multiethnic cohort of healthy adults. Fasting iron level was measured as part of a biochemistry panel. Dual x-ray absorptiometry was used to assess fat mass. Anthropometric measures included waist circumference and body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m(2)) as an index of abdominal adiposity and overall body fatness, respectively. RESULTS: In the study cohort the mean age was 54+/-17 years and 60.9% were overweight or obese (BMI > or =25). Men had higher serum iron levels (94.91+/-34.52 microg/dL [16.99+/-6.18 micromol/L] vs 82.17+/-32.62 microg/dL [14.71+/-5.84 micromol/L]) and larger waist circumference (91.98+/-11.87 cm vs 85.24+/-12.37 cm) compared with women (P<0.001). Iron was inversely correlated with BMI (r=-0.23, P<0.001), waist circumference (r=-0.19, P<0.05), and fat mass (r=-0.19, P<0.05) among Hispanic women but not among African-American, white, or Asian women or in men of any race/ethnic group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show an inverse association of measures of body fat distribution and total fat mass with serum iron level in Hispanic women. Studies designed to explore how micronutrients are used by the body at varying degrees of body fatness could provide useful information on the micronutrient-related comorbidities of obesity.     

Whey protein supplementation does not affect exercise training-induced changes in body composition and indices of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged overweight and obese adults

Little is known about the effects of different quantities of whey protein on exercise training-induced changes in body composition and indices of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged overweight and obese adults. Therefore, we examined the effects of consuming 0.8-MJ supplements with 0 (n = 126), 10 (n = 112), 20 (n = 44), or 30 (n = 45) g whey protein twice daily in conjunction with resistance (2 d/wk) and aerobic (1 d/wk) exercise training in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, community-based 9-mo study in men (n = 117) and women (n = 210); (age: 48 ± 7.9 y; BMI: 30.0 ± 2.8 kg/m(2)). Whey protein supplementation did not influence any of the following outcomes, some of which were affected by training. Among all participants, strength increased by 15 ± 12% (P < 0.001) and maximal oxygen uptake capacity (VO(2)max) increased by 9 ± 15% (P < 0.001). Body weight was unchanged (0.1 ± 3.7 kg, P = 0.80), lean body mass increased by 1.9 ± 2.8% (0.95 ± 1.3 kg, P < 0.001), and fat mass decreased by 2.6 ± 9.4% (-0.86 ± 3.1 kg, P = 0.001). Oral-glucose-tolerance testing showed that plasma glucose AUC was unchanged (-18.0 ± 170 mmol/L· 3 h, P = 0.16), insulin AUC decreased by 2.6 ± 32% (-7.5 ± 29 nmol/L· 3 h, P = 0.01), and HOMA-IR (0.2 ± 2.0, P = 0.81) and the insulin sensitivity index (0.3 ± 3.0, P = 0.63) were unchanged. Plasma concentrations of TG; total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol; C-reactive protein; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; blood pressure; and waist circumference were unchanged. Whey protein supplementation did not affect exercise training-induced responses in body composition and indices of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged overweight and obese adults who maintained body weight.     

Adiponectin/ACP30, a collagen-like plasma protein in relation to anthropometric measurement in Thai overweight and obese subjects

Adiponectin, anthropometric parameters including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), arm circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, waist, hip circumferences and waist/hip ratio were recorded in 48 male and 166 female overweight and obese Thai volunteers (BMI=25.0 kg/m(2)), and in 26 male and 81 female normal subjects (BMI=18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)). Thai volunteers were investigated. Statistically significantly lower adiponectin concentrations in overweight and obese subjects were found when compared with control subjects of both sexes. Anthropometric parameters, including weight, height, BMI, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, waist, hip circumferences and waist/hip ratio, except arm span, were statistically significantly higher in overweight and obese subjects than in control subjects. The overweight and obese subjects had higher glucose concentrations than the control subjects. The BMI and glucose concentrations were found to be significantly related, under these conditions, to adiponectin.     

Perception of overweight and obesity among Portuguese adolescents: an overview of associated factors

PURPOSE: A national, representative school-based sample of Portuguese youth was used to both identify psychosocial indicators that distinguish obese and overweight adolescents from their peers, and key explainers of body image among obese and overweight adolescents. METHODS: Data on 5697 sixth, eighth and tenth grade public school students, age 11-16 years, from Portugal who participated in the 1998 (HBSC/WHO) survey of adolescent health were analysed. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on self-reported weight and height. Body image was measured using a body image tool with a sequence of seven body silhouettes progressing from very thin to overweight. BMI was calculated by reported weight/height (kg/m2), and was categorized based on Cole normalization curve. Adolescents whose BMI was above the 95th percentile (obese) and those with a BMI between 85 and 95 (overweight) were compared with the remainder. Separate analyses of psychosocial variables were conducted by gender, using the chi2-test, t-tests, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in physical activity between obese and non-obese youth (P<0.05). Girls reported dieting more than boys (P<0.001), with 15.3% of overweight teens dieting versus 6% of non-overweight teens. Those classified as overweight were significantly more likely to describe themselves as not healthy (P<0.001). A significantly greater proportion of obese/overweight versus non-overweight youth reported difficulty in making friends (P<0.001). BMI (beta=0.491; P=0.000), age (beta=-0.413; P=0.000), involvement in dieting (beta=0.110; P=0.000) and attitude toward appearance (beta=0.032; P=0.007) were significantly associated with body image. CONCLUSIONS: Inaccurate perceptions of the need to diet, poorer self-perceived health status and potential social isolation of those who are overweight were found. The importance of these findings to health promotion strategies is discussed.     

Nutritional risk assessment and obesity in rural older adults: a sex difference

BACKGROUND: Many older Americans are overweight or obese, but it is unclear whether obesity is associated with other nutritional risk indicators. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated sex-associated differences in nutritional risk among community-dwelling, rural older adults and determined whether weight status [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) and waist circumference] was related to other measures of nutritional risk. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study explored relations between weight status and nutritional risk, which was determined on the basis of the Level II Screen, overall diet quality, nutrient intakes, and plasma biomarkers. RESULTS: Of the 179 subjects, 44% were overweight (BMI 25-29.9) and 35% were obese (BMI > 30). There were few differences in nutrient intakes between older men and women after we controlled for energy intake. In women, BMI was directly associated with multiple additional nutritional risk indicators, including the number of Level II items (r = 0.30), intakes of fat (r = 0.26) and saturated fat (r = 0.21), and homocysteine concentration (r = 0.25). Weight status in women was inversely associated with intakes of carbohydrates (r = -0.25), fiber (r = -0.35), folate (r = -0.24), magnesium (r = -0.29), iron (r = -0.22), and zinc (r = -0.23); Healthy Eating Index scores (r = -0.22); and plasma pyridoxal 5' phosphate (r = -0.30). Associations with waist circumference were similar. In men, weight status was associated only with plasma cobalamin (r = -0.33 for BMI) and pyridoxal 5' phosphate (r = -0.24 for waist circumference). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obese older women, particularly those living alone, may be at greater nutritional risk than are men with a high BMI. Targeted nutritional intervention emphasizing nutrient-dense food choices to improve dietary patterns may be warranted.     

肥胖、超重青少年通气功能与体成分关系

目的了解肥胖、超重和体重正常青少年的通气功能差异,探讨体成分对通气功能的影响.方法对研究对象测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围,采用中国肥胖问题工作组肥胖、超重筛查标准,对筛选出的肥胖(64人)、超重(56人)和对照(75人)3组青少年进行体成分和通气功能测定.结果3组青少年用力肺活量(FVC)测量值肥胖组＞超重组＞对照组,差异无统计学意义(F=25.213,P=0.000).单位体重深吸气量(IC)、单位体表面积最大通气量(MVV)均表现为对照组＞超重组＞肥胖组,差异有统计学意义(F=10.316,P=0.000;F=9.660,P=0.000).3组青少年小气道功能差异无统计学意义.肥胖、超重男生体重及瘦体重含量与通气功能呈显著正相关,肥胖男生腰围、体脂百分比与通气功能呈负相关;肥胖、超重女生体质指数(BMI)与通气功能呈负相关.结论与对照相比,肥胖、超重青少年通气功能有一定影响,小气道功能差异无统计学意义.肥胖、超重男生瘦体重对通气功能有正性作用,体脂百分比对肥胖男、女青少年通气功能有负性作用.中心性体脂分布模式对男生通气功能有负性影响.     

Use of the leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance method in assessing body-composition change in obese women

BACKGROUND: There is little information on whether bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) accurately predicts changes in body composition associated with energy restriction, exercise, or both. OBJECTIVE: We had 2 objectives: to determine the validity of the leg-to-leg BIA system in 1) estimating body composition in obese and nonobese women, with a cross-sectional design, and 2) assessing changes in body composition in obese women in response to 12 wk of energy restriction, exercise training, or both. DESIGN: Subjects were 98 moderately obese women (43.2 +/- 0.6% body fat, 45.0 +/- 1.1 y of age) and 27 nonobese control subjects (24.0 +/- 1.5% body fat, 43.5 +/- 2.5 y of age). Obese subjects were randomly divided into 1 of 4 groups, with fat-free mass, fat mass, and percentage body fat estimated with BIA and underwater weighing before and after 12 wk of intervention. The 4 groups were diet only (4.19-5.44 MJ/d), exercise only (five, 45-min sessions/wk at 78.5 +/- 0.5% of maximum heart rate), both exercise and diet, and control (no diet or exercise). RESULTS: No significant difference was found between underwater weighing and BIA in estimating the fat-free mass of the obese and nonobese women (all subjects combined, r = 0.78, P < 0.001, SEE = 3.7 kg) or in estimating decreases in fat mass during 12 wk of energy restriction, exercise, or both in obese subjects (F[3.85] = 1.45, P = 0.233). CONCLUSIONS: The leg-to-leg BIA system accurately assessed fat-free mass in obese and nonobese women, and changes in fat mass with diet alone or when combined with exercise.     

不同干预方式对超重、肥胖青少年体重指数和体脂含量的影响

目的 观察不同干预方式对超重、肥胖青少年体重指数(BMI)和体脂含量的影响,以期得到合理有效的青少年减重方案.方法 选择北京市某初中67名超重、肥胖学生为研究对象,采用随机配伍法随机分为对照组(n=16)、膳食干预组(n=22)和综合干预组(膳食+运动,n=29)3组,观察干预前后BMI和体脂率的变化情况.结果 膳食干预组(P=0.000)和综合干预组(P=0.018)试验后的BMI明显低于试验前,膳食干预组BMI的降低幅度明显大于对照组(P=0.035).膳食干预组(P=0.000,P=0.013)和综合干预组(P=0.000,P=0.000)试验后的躯干和全身体脂率均明显低于试验前,综合于预组躯干和全身体脂率的降低幅度明显大于对照组(P=0.005,P=0.003).结论 膳食和综合干预都可使青少年达到减重效果,综合干预效果更佳.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effects of different interventions on the body mass index (BMI) and body fat content in overweight and obese adolescents, with an attempt to design reasonable weight relief program.Methods Totally 67 overweight or obese adolescents from a middle school of Beijing were randomly divided into three groups: control group ( n = 16 ), diet intervention group ( n= 22), and combined interventions group ( n =29). The changes of BMI and body fat rate (BFR) were observed. Results BMI significantly decreased after interventions ( diet intervention group: P = 0. 000; combined interventions group: P = 0. 018 ); the change of BMI in diet intervention group was significantly larger than that in control group ( P = 0. 035 ). The trunk and body BFRs also significantly decreased after interventions (diet intervention group: P=0. 000, P = 0. 013; combined interventions group: P = 0. 000, P = 0. 000 ); the changes of trunk and body BFRs were significantly larger in combined interventions group than those in control group ( P = 0.005, P = 0. 003 ). Conclusion Diet intervention and combined interventions are both effective in achieving weight loss in adolescents, and combined interventions have superior effectiveness.     

儿童青少年脂肪细胞因子等指标与超重和肥胖关系研究

目的 探讨儿童青少年的脂肪细胞因子等指标与超重和肥胖的关系。方法 调查儿童青少年827人,测量其身高、体重和血压,检测血糖、血脂、空腹胰岛素、瘦素、脂联素、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1)等指标,比较超重与肥胖组和正常组的差异,分析其与超重和肥胖的关联性。结果 超重与肥胖儿童青少年的胰岛素抵抗、血压升高,血脂异常患病率高于正常组,调整性别和年龄分期因素后,其体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、载脂蛋白(apolipoprotein, Apo)B、瘦素和TNF-α水平仍高于正常组,与BMI呈正相关(r分别为0.419、0.304、0.249、0.151、0.148、0.432和0.157),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)和脂联素含量则低于正常人群,并与BMI呈负相关(r分别为-0.112和-0.182),差异和相关均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析得到由瘦素、TNF-α、SBP、IGF-1和年龄因素构成的回归方程可解释BMI信息量的51.2%(F=172.440,P<0.001)。结论 超重与肥胖儿童青少年易发生胰岛素抵抗、血压升高,血脂异常等改变,瘦素、TNF-α和IGF-1与儿童青少年的超重和肥胖有关,可能参与超重和肥胖的发生发展。     

Serum leptin and lipid profiles in Thai obese and overweight subjects

The weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, serum leptin and lipid profiles of 48 overweight (BMI > or = 25.00). Thai males and 166 overweight Thai females, compared with 26 males and 81 females in a control group (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), were investigated. Subjects for the study were those persons who turned up regularly for physical check-ups at the out-patient department, general practice section of the Rajvithi Hospital, Bangkok. The study was conducted between March-October, 1998. Statistically significantly higher levels of serum leptin, cholesterol, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and triglyceride were found in the overweight compared with the control subjects. The median serum leptin concentration in overweight subjects was 19.6 (2.0-60.0 ng/ml) compared with 9.0 (range 1.0-30.0 ng/ml) in the control subjects (p < 0.001). The median values of leptin serum concentrations in the overweight and obese males were significantly higher than those of the overweight and obese females. A total of 66.7% (32 out of 48) of the overweight and obese males had elevated leptin levels, while elevated leptin levels were found in 87.3% (145 out of 166) of the overweight and obese females. A total of 18.8% and 21.1% of the overweight and obese males and females respectively had cholesterol concentrations of > or = 6.48 mmol/l. However, the prevalence of low HDL-C (HDL-C < or = 0.91 mmol/l) was found to be 41.7% in the overweight and obese males and 4.2% in the overweight and obese females. Statistically significant associations were found between weight, height, BMI, waist, hip, waist/hip ratio, HDL-C, and serum leptin in both overweight male and female subjects. A negative correlation was found between serum leptin and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in both the overweight and obese subjects.     

Usefulness of different techniques for measuring body composition changes during weight loss in overweight and obese women

The objective was to compare measures from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry with a reference four-compartment model to estimate fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) changes in overweight and obese women after a weight-loss programme. Forty-eight women (age 39.8 +/- 5.8 years; weight 79.2 +/- 11.8 kg; BMI 30.7 +/- 3.6 kg/m2) were studied in an out-patient weight-loss programme, before and after the 16-month intervention. Women attended weekly meetings for the first 4 months, followed by monthly meetings from 4 to 12 months. Body composition variables were measured by the following techniques: DXA, anthropometry (waist circumference-based model; Antrform), BIA using Tanita (TBF-310) and Omron (BF300) and a reference four-compartment model. Body weight decreased significantly ( - 3.3 (sd 3.1) kg) across the intervention. At baseline and after the intervention, FM, percentage FM and FFM assessed by Antrform, Tanita, BF300 and DXA differed significantly from the reference method (P < or = 0.001), with the exception of FFM assessed by Tanita (baseline P = 0.071 and after P = 0.007). DXA significantly overestimated the change in FM and percentage FM across weight loss ( - 4.5 v. - 3.3 kg; P 0.05) from the reference model in any body composition variables. We conclude that these methods are widely used in clinical settings, but should not be applied interchangeably to detect changes in body composition. Furthermore, the several clinical methods were not accurate enough for tracking body composition changes in overweight and obese premenopausal women after a weight-loss programme.     

The relationships between anthropometric measurements,serum vitamin A and E concentrations and lipid profiles in overweight and obese subjects

The weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, serum retinol and alpha-tocopherol and lipid profiles of 16 overweight (BMI > or = 25.0 kg/m2) Thai males and 56 overweight females, compared with 14 males and 58 females in a control group (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), were investigated. Subjects for the study were those persons who turned up regularly for physical check-up at the Outpatient Department, General Practice Section of Rajvithi Hospital, Bangkok. The study was conducted between December 2000-March 2001. Higher levels of cholesterol, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were found in the overweight compared with the control subjects. Statistically significant higher triglyceride levels were found in the overweight compared with the control subjects. The median serum retinol concentration in overweight subjects was 2.80 mumol/L (range 0.53-4.62 mumol/L) compared with 2.97 mumol/L (range 1.21-4.12 mumol/L) in control subjects (p = 0.0736). The median serum alpha-tocopherol concentration in overweight subjects was 17.30 mumol/L (range 6.29-28.65 mumol/L) compared with 18.75 mumol/L (range 5.30-30.28 mumol/L) in control subjects (P < 0.05). The median values of retinol and alpha-tocopherol serum concentrations in the overweight and obese males were lower than those of the overweight and obese females. A total of 6.3% (1 out of 16) and 12.5% (2 out of 16) of the overweight/obese males had decreased retinol and alpha-tocopherol levels, while the overweight/obese females had decreased retinol and alpha-tocopherol level of 1.8% (1 out of 56) and 10.7% (6 out of 56), respectively. A total of 12.5% and 39.3% of the overweight/obese males and females had cholesterol concentrations of > or = 6.48 mmol/l. However, the prevalence of low HDL-C (HDL-C < or = 0.91 mmol/l) was found to be 50% in the overweight and obese males and 10.7% in the overweight and obese females. Statistically significant associations were found between age, cholesterol, LDL-C, and serum alpha-tocopherol in the overweight and obese male and female subjects. A negative correlation was found between weight, BMI, AC, MAMC, hip circumference and serum retinol in both the overweight and obese subjects. A negative correlation was found between weight, BMI, MAMC, waist, hip circumferences and serum alpha-tocopherol in both the overweight and obese subjects.     

Basal endothelial nitric oxide release is preserved in overweight and obese adults

OBJECTIVE: Impaired basal nitric oxide release is associated with a number of cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, arterial spasm, and myocardial infarction. We determined whether basal endothelial nitric oxide release is reduced in otherwise healthy overweight and obese adult humans. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Seventy sedentary adults were studied: 32 normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m(2)), 24 overweight (BMI > or = 25 < 30 kg/m(2)), and 14 obese (BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2)). Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to intra-arterial infusions of N(g)-monomethyl-L-arginine (5 mg/min), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, were used as an index of basal nitric oxide release. RESULTS: N(g)-monomethyl-L-arginine elicited significant reductions in FBF in the normal weight (from 4.1 +/- 0.2 to 2.7 +/- 0.2 mL/100 mL tissue/min), overweight (4.1 +/- 0.1 to 2.8 +/- 0.2 mL/100 mL tissue/min), and obese (3.9 +/- 0.3 to 2.7 +/- 0.2 mL/100 mL tissue/min) subjects. Importantly, the magnitude of reduction in FBF (approximately 30%) was similar among the groups. DISCUSSION: These results indicate that the capacity of the endothelium to release nitric oxide under basal conditions is not compromised in overweight and obese adults.     

Adiponectin/ACP30, a collagen-like plasma protein in relation to anthropometric measurement in Thai overweight and obese subjects

Adiponectin, anthropometric parameters including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), arm circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, waist, hip circumferences and waist/hip ratio were recorded in 48 male and 166 female overweight and obese Thai volunteers (BMI?≥?25.0 kg/m²), and in 26 male and 81 female normal subjects (BMI?=?18.5???24.9 kg/m²). Thai volunteers were investigated. Statistically significantly lower adiponectin concentrations in overweight and obese subjects were found when compared with control subjects of both sexes. Anthropometric parameters, including weight, height, BMI, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, waist, hip circumferences and waist/hip ratio, except arm span, were statistically significantly higher in overweight and obese subjects than in control subjects. The overweight and obese subjects had higher glucose concentrations than the control subjects. The BMI and glucose concentrations were found to be significantly related, under these conditions, to adiponectin.     

运动干预对超重肥胖儿童青少年身体成分影响的网状Meta分析

目的 采用网状Meta分析方法比较有氧、抗阻、有氧结合抗阻3种运动方式对超重/肥胖儿童、青少年身体成分的影响,为儿童青少年超重/肥胖干预研究和实践提供更全面有效的证据.方法 检索中国知网、维普网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science数据库公开发表的与"运动干预对超重/肥胖儿童青少年体成分"相关的随机对照试验...     

综合干预对肥胖男性青少年血管生成素样蛋白2和血管内皮功能的影响

  目的  观察运动结合饮食控制的综合干预方案对肥胖男性青少年血管生成素样蛋白2(angiopoietin-likeprotem 2, ANGPTL2)和血管内皮功能的影响，为运动降低肥胖男性青少年心血管疾病风险提供理论依据。  方法  选取42名肥胖男性青少年和10名健康男性青少年分别为实验组和对照组，对实验组青少年开展6周运动结合饮食控制的综合干预，测定干预前后身体形态和血压、糖脂代谢、炎症水平和血管内皮功能的变化。  结果  6周综合干预后，实验组青少年的体重、体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、腰臀比、收缩压、舒张压指标均降低(P值均 < 0.05)；总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血脂水平均降低(P值均 < 0.05)；肿瘤坏死因子α、ANGPTL2炎症水平均降低(P值均 < 0.05)；反应性充血指数(RHI)、一氧化氮/内皮素-1(NO/ET-1)、一氧化氮、动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)血管内皮功能显著改善(P值均 < 0.05)。综合干预前后，肥胖男性青少年的ANGPTL2变化值与体重(r=0.37)、BMI(r=0.45)、RHI(r=-0.46)、NO/ET-1(r=-0.41)、NO(r=-0.45)、AI(r=0.33)的变化值显著相关(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  综合干预能有效改善肥胖男性青少年的身体形态、血脂水平和血管内皮功能，降低ANGPTL2水平。ANGPTL2可能参与了综合干预对肥胖男性青少年血管内皮功能的改善过程。     

Low- and high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets have similar effects on mood but not cognitive performance

BACKGROUND: Low-carbohydrate diets are often used to promote weight loss, but their effects on psychological function are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: We compared the effects of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet with a conventional high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF) diet on mood and cognitive function. DESIGN: Ninety-three overweight or obese participants [x +/- SEM age: 50.2 +/- 0.8 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 33.6 +/- 0.4] were randomly assigned to an energy-restricted ( approximately 6-7 MJ, 30% deficit), planned isocaloric LCHF diet or an HCLF diet for 8 wk. Body weight and psychological well-being were measured by using the Profile of Mood States, Beck Depression Inventory, and Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory instruments at baseline and fortnightly. Cognitive functioning (working memory and speed of processing) was assessed at baseline and week 8. RESULTS: The LCHF diet resulted in significantly greater weight loss than did the HCLF diet (7.8 +/- 0.4 and 6.4 +/- 0.4 kg, respectively; P = 0.04). Both groups showed improvements in psychological well-being (P < 0.01 for time), with the greatest effect occurring during the first 2 wk, but there was no significant difference between groups. There were no significant between-group differences in working memory (P = 0.68), but there was a significant time x diet interaction for speed of processing (P = 0.04), so that this measure improved less in the LCHF than in the HCLF diet group. CONCLUSIONS: Both dietary patterns significantly reduced body weight and were associated with improvements in mood. There was some evidence for a smaller improvement in cognitive functioning with the LCHF diet with respect to speed of processing, but further studies are required to determine the replicability of this finding.     

Evaluation of a community-based weight management program for overweight and obese adolescents: The Loozit study

Aim:  To evaluate a community-based weight management program for overweight and obese adolescents aged 13–16 years.
Methods:  The present study was a group-based intervention over five months conducted in Australian community health centres. Program evaluation questionnaires were completed by adolescents and their parents. Seven semi-structured group sessions were held for adolescents: weekly for four weeks and then at two, four and five months. The program sessions focused on healthy eating, increasing physical activity, decreasing sedentary behaviour and increasing self-esteem. Adolescents' anthropometry, blood pressure and fasting blood biochemistry were measured. Adolescents completed validated questionnaires on diet, physical activity and self-esteem.
Results:  Twenty-two overweight and obese adolescents were recruited with a median body mass index (BMI) z-score 2.30. Recruitment strategies were identified and a high retention rate (91%) was achieved. The program was well received by adolescents. Parents reported their adolescents were making healthier food choices and increasing physical activity. At treatment end there were clinically significant improvements in self-perception scores for physical appearance and romantic appeal ( P  < 0.05), waist circumference (median 100.1 cm vs 97.1 cm; P  < 0.0001) and HDL cholesterol (median 1.10 mmol/L vs 1.20 mmol/L; P  = 0.02), but not BMI or BMI z-score.
Conclusions:  The Loozit weight management intervention is one of the first to involve adolescents in the evaluation of the program and to operate at a sustainable intensity in an accessible community setting. The present study provides valuable insights into the elements of a program that is acceptable to adolescents.