不同钙离子浓度透析液对血液透析患者钙平衡及甲状旁腺素的影响

目的研究不同钙离子浓度透析液对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者透析过程中钙平衡及全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)的影响,为透析患者个体化选择透析液钙离子浓度提供理论依据.方法 12例血钙正常的稳定的MHD患者分别使用钙离子浓度为1.25 mmol/L(DCa1.25)、1.5mmol/L(DCa1.5)和1.75 mmol/L(DCa1.75)的透析液进行血液透析(透析液其他成分不变),每次透析4 h.检测透析前后血清总钙(tCa)、离子钙(iCa)、iPTH及透析废液的iCa和磷(P),并对血压进行监测.结果使用DCa1.25时,患者体内丢失的钙平均为5.03mmol,但透后血iCa和tCa浓度与透前相比无明显变化,iPTH透后较透前显著升高(P＜0.05).使用DCa1.5时,患者体内钙的蓄积平均为1.4 mmol,透后血iCa和tCa浓度与透前相比明显升高(P＜0.01),其中25%的患者发生透后高血钙,iPTH较透前无明显变化;使用DCa1.75时,患者体内钙的蓄积平均为3.3 mmol,透后血iCa和tCa浓度比透前明显升高(P＜0.01),其中83.3%的患者发生透后高血钙,iPTH较透前明显降低(P＜0.01).3种透析液对血磷的清除无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论对于透前血钙水平正常的患者,DCa1.75的透析液明显增加了患者的钙负荷,增加了透后高钙血症的发生.DCa1.25的透析液能够明显减轻钙负荷,但长期使用应注意监测iPTH水平.对于透前轻度低血钙或在正常值低限的患者,DCa1.5的透析液是适用的,如果发生透后高钙血症,则应改用DCa1.25的透析液.     

不同钙离子浓度透析液对单次血液透析钙平衡的影响

目的观察三种不同钙离子浓度透析液对维持性血液透析患者单次透析过程中血钙的影响,为透析液钙离子浓度的个体化选择提供理论参考。方法选择2014年1月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院血液净化中心接受维持性血液透析治疗的患者80例为研究对象,随机分为3组,根据使用不同钙离子浓度分别为1.25 mmol/L(DCa 1.25组)、1.5 mmol/L(DCa 1.50组)和1.75 mmol/L(DCa 1.75组)的透析液进行单次血液透析治疗,每次透析4 h,3组所用透析液除钙离子浓度不同外,其他透析液主要成分组间无差别。分别检测每组透析前、后及下一次透析前的血肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、血钙、血磷等生化指标,同时监测单次透析前后患者的血压变化。结果对患者透析前基线数据初步分析结果表明,透析前iPTH水平为(458.7±408.2)ng/L、血钙(2.2±0.2)mmol/L、血磷(2.1±0.6)mmol/L、钙磷乘积(57.4±18.9)。iPTH、血钙、血磷达标率分别为53.8%、46.3%,25.0%;透析患者普遍伴有低钙血症(占48.8%)、高磷血症(占71.3%)和高甲状旁腺素血症(占23.8%)。单次透析治疗结束后的血钙水平分别为DCa 1.25组(2.27±0.20)mmol/L、DCa 1.50组(2.53±0.21)mmol/L、DCa 1.75组(2.51±0.20)mmol/L,组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=12.52,P0.01)。与透析前相比较,3组透析后血钙浓度较透析前均有所增加;协方差分析结果表明,在扣除透析前血钙浓度的影响因素后,DCa 1.25组血钙平均增加量最小。单次透析结束后血钙达标率分别为65.4%(DCa 1.25组)、48.1%(DCa 1.50组)、58.8%(DCa1.75组);透析结束后高钙血症的发生率DCa 1.75组(占41.2%)与DCa 1.50组(占51.9%)明显高于DCa 1.25组(占19.2%)。三种透析液对透析患者的血磷、血压影响差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单次使用钙离子浓度为1.25 mmol/L的透析液治疗,对透析后血钙浓度的影响最小、血钙达标率最高、高钙血症的发生率最低;与钙离子浓度分别为1.50 mmol/L和1.75 mmol/L透析液比较,钙离子浓度1.25 mmol/L更接近人体生理离子钙浓度。     

生物电阻抗频谱法分析血液透析患者体液分布异常及其对血压的影响

目的了解血液透析(HD)患者透析前后体液的分布状况及其对血压的影响。方法106例健康志愿者作为正常对照,按性别分为组用生物电阻抗频谱法检测并计算细胞外2,液(ECV)、细胞内液(ICV)占体重的百分比(ECV%、ICV%)和ECV/ICV比值。选择我院透析龄月2以上的稳定HD患者67例,按照透析前后血压状况将患者分为低血压倾向组、正常血压组、普通高血压组和顽固性高血压组,分别于透析前和透析后测量体重、ECV、ICV,并计算ECV%、ICV%和ECV/ICV比值。ECV、ICV采用电生物阻抗分析仪测定。结果HD患者ECV%、ECV/ICV透后较透前下降,而ICV%上升;透前ECV%、ECV/ICV明显高于正常对照,透后接近正常人群水平。顽固性高血压患者(均为男性)透后ECV%仍明显高于正常对照水平[(31.6±1.0)%比(25.3±1.6)%,P<0.01],而低血压倾向患者均为女性在透析前()ECV%即与正常对照水平无明显差异[(21.6±1.5)%比(22.6±1.4)%,P>0.05],透后明显低于正常对照水平[(19.3±1.6)%比(22.6±1.4)%,P<0.01]。结论HD患者水分布与正常人相比存在着明显不同,表现为ECV%增加和ICV%减少,而血液透析通过脱水和水分向细胞内转移部分纠正了这种异常。ECV%反映了HD患者水负荷的情况,并与血压之间存在着密切的关系。     

低钙透析液对血液透析患者钙磷代谢及骨质重塑的影响

目的比较低钙透析液对长期血液透析患者钙磷代谢及骨重塑的影响。方法45例血清矫正钙≥9.5mgdl且iPTH≤150pgml患者随机分为透析液钙浓度1.25、1.5及1.75mmolL3组透析治疗3个月,观察3组患者血清Ca、P、Ca×P、iPTH、BGP、IGF1及IGFBP3水平差异。结果观察结束时,DCa1.5与DCa1.75组,血清Ca×P水平DCa1.5组无变化、DCa1.75组升高(P<0.05),IGF1水平2组均保持稳定;iPTH及BGP水平DCa1.5组升高(P<0.05)及DCa1.75组降低(P<0.05)。DCa1.25组血清Ca×P及IGF1水平明显降低(P<0.01),iPTH及BGP水平有显著升高(P<0.01)。透析前血清iPTH及BGP水平呈正相关(r=0.155,P<0.05)。结论低钙透析液可在有限时间内有效降低钙负荷及改善骨代谢。长期应用低钙透析液很可能通过增加iPTH、BGP水平及降低IGF1水平引发骨质疏松。     

血液透析症状性低血压和难治性高血压患者相对血容量变化的比较

目的对症状性低血压(SH)和难治性高血压(RH)患者血透中相对血容量(RBV)的变化进行比较研究。方法选取SH患者15例和RH患者13例,通过血容量监测仪观察透析前和透析后每小时的RBV,BP,HR及超滤量(UV)。SH组共149次,RH组146次,比较两组各项指标的变化并分析各参数间的关系。结果SH组各小时RBV的变化均明显大于RH组(P<0.01)。SH组总的UV明显大于RH组。用体表面积校正后,UV分别为(2122.5±560.20)和(1389.83±615.59)ml/m2,P<0.01。用UV对RBV进行校正,RBV的变化在SH组仍明显大于RH组[分别为(-6.10±3.15),(-11.44±4.34),(15.62±5.30),(-18.83±7.43)%和(-2.94±3.23),(-6.91+4.99),(-11.04±5.82),(-14.87±6.16)%,P均<0.01]。RH组中有2例增加超滤量,干体重下降后,其平均动脉压(0h,1-3h)显著下降。RH组有58次在透后1h内RBV较开始时升高。结论在血透中,SH和RH患者间RBV的变化存在差异,这可能部分与两组患者的水化状态不同有关。对于SH患者,当RBV变化较大时要警惕发生低血压;对RH患者,当发现RBV变化较小时应当注意是否仍然存在水负荷过多。进一步降低原先认为已达临床估计目标的干体重值可能使部分RH患者血压得到进一步下降。     

血浆N-末端脑钠肽前体水平与维持性血液透析患者容量状态无关

目的 测定维持性血液透析患者生物电阻抗与血浆N-末端脑钠肽前体水平透析前后的变化,评价N-末端脑钠肽前体水平在血透患者中血容量评估的应用价值.方法 选取我院血液净化中心30例病情稳定的维持性血液透析患者,留取透析前后血标本测定N-末端脑钠肽前体.应用生物电阻抗(英国BodyStat公司QUADSCAN 4000多频生物电阻抗分析仪)测量透析前后体水量.结果 透析后N-末端脑钠肽前体水平较透析前明显升高[分别为(6 478.93±7 503.48)与(4 692.83±4 290.62) pg/ml,P＜0.01].透析后身体成分监测值较透析前明显降低[(-0.987± 1.451)与(0.964± 1.581),P＜0.01].结论 N-末端脑钠肽前体的血浆水平与维持性血透患者血容量无关.     

高渗葡萄糖对反复发生透析低血压糖尿病肾病患者的影响

目的：观察糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者血透期间输注50%葡萄糖注射液对血糖的影响,以及对透析相关性低血压（透析低血压）的预防、治疗作用。方法：以13例较常发生透析低血压的糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者为研究对象,前4周采用常规无糖透析液透析（无糖透析组）作自身对照,后4周透析过程输注50%的葡萄糖注射液（输糖透析组）作为治疗观察,比较输糖透析前后血压,血糖,超滤量等变化,低血压发生次数。结果：使用无糖透析液时,患者发生透析低血糖和低血压分别为7.0%和44.2%;透析期间输注50%葡萄糖注射液后,患者未发生透析低血糖,透析低血压的发生明显下降28.8%（P〈0.01）。超滤量显著增加（P〈0.05）。结论：透析期间输注50%葡萄糖注射液能有效预防、治疗糖尿病肾病患者透析中低血压,增加超滤量。     

生物自动反馈式血容量监测对评估干体重的效果

目的 探讨血容量监测对评估透析患者干体重，以及防治透析过程中与低血奢量相关不良反应和透析患者高血压的作用。方法 对14例规律性血液透析(血透)患者先、后按标准透析和生物自动反馈式血容量监测两种方式进行血透治疗，观察两种透析方法透析前后血压，体重，超滤量和临床合并症，结合相对血容量曲线图，评价血容量监测对评估干体重的作用，以及防治透析过程中与低血容量相关不良反应和透析患者高血压的作用。结果 生物自动反馈式血容量监测能有效地评估干体重和下调干体重；有效地减少透析中低血压及肌肉痉挛等低血容量相关不良反应；在下调干体重后高血压得到改善。结论 生物自动反馈式血容量监测能够有效地评估干体重和调整干体重，对防治透析过程中容量相关低血压和高血压有重要的作用。     

极低钙透析液致顽固性低血压12例

本透析室因意外发生透析液中钙离子过低,引起顽固性低血压12例,因有特殊性,特报道如下,以引起大家重视。 临床资料维持性透析患者,男7例,女5例,年龄28-78岁,透析前患者的血压185-120／110-65 mmHg,其中10例透析前服常规降压药。透析1.5 h首先发病的患者述唇、手及足指麻木,心慌,有恐惧感。测血压降至90／70 mmHg,即快速补充生理盐水200 ml,停超滤。     

低温血液透析疗效观察

低血压是慢性血液透析(血透)中最常见的并发症。我们通过采用低温透析方法能有效减少透析中低血压的发生率,同时保证充分透析,现将临床观察结果报告如下。 对象和方法 1.观察对象:30例血透患者,男18例,女12例,平均年龄(75.0±5.6)岁。 2.方法:采用随机交叉设计方法使     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.