Responsabilité de la ciclosporine dans la survenue d’un neuro-Behçet ?

Central neurological involvement in Behcet's disease (neuro-Behcet) occurs in 10 to 20% out of the patient. We report a 47-year-old man treated with cyclosporine who presented with neurologic manifestations of Behçet's disease. Relationship between cyclosporine and neuro-Behcet's disease are discussed.     

Mutations du gène GATA2 : à propos de 3 cas

IntroductionHeterozygous germline mutations of GATA2 gene (guanine-adenine-thymine-adenine binding protein 2) are hereditary mutations that can be pathogenic, sometimes occurring sporadically, responsible for a florid clinical-biological picture, sometimes serious and quickly leading to the death.Case reportsWe reported two women and one man with germline mutations in the GATA2 gene. The first patient, aged 19, initially presented with monocytopenia and chronic lymphedema of the four limbs, suggestive of Emberger syndrome. The second patient, 28-years-old, presented with a disseminated atypical mycobacterium (Mycobacterium kansasii) infection, raising suspicion of an immune deficiency such as MonoMAC syndrome (deficiency syndrome of dendritic cells, monocytes, B lymphocytes and NK cells). The last patient, 30-years-old, presented with pancytopenia, leading to the diagnosis of a family form of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia characterized by a mutation of the GATA2 gene.ConclusionsEach case illustrates a typical clinical presentation of GATA2 deficiency, although the evolution of these syndromes ultimately reveals a complex, heterogeneous and intricate picture of hematological, dermatological, infectious, pulmonary, ENT or oncological symptoms. Mutations in the GATA2 gene remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the internist, and require multidisciplinary management given the florid picture that can be of interest to all specialties. The clinical spectrum of these GATA2 mutations as well as the latest management recommendations from the recent litterature and the “GATA2 club” are described in this article.     

Inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons et clopidogrel (Plavix®) : une liaison dangereuse ?

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and antiplatelet agents, especially aspirin and clopidogrel, are among the most prescribed medications worldwide. Their co-administration is justified by the increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding related to the antiplatelet therapy. The issue of the interaction between PPI and clopidogrel has been raised with the emergence of the concept of “high on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity” (or “clopidogrel resistance”) together with the discovery of the role of CYP2C19 isoform in the pharmacokinetics of those two medications. Indeed, CYP2C19 is involved in the conversion of the clopidogrel pro-drug into its active metabolite and is involved in the metabolisation of PPI into inactive metabolites, acting as substrates/inhibitors of CYP2C19. Despite their heterogeneity, most pharmacodynamic studies have shown a decreased clopidogrel antiplatelet effect when associated to PPI, especially those with the highest CYP2C19 inhibiting activity (omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole). On the other hand, clinical studies are inconclusive. Retrospective studies have shown an increased risk of major cardiovascular events or mortality when clopidogrel and PPI are associated in comparison with clopidogrel alone, particularly in the patients with the higher cardiovascular risk. However, the two prospective randomized studies published so far did not find any interaction and confirmed the benefit of PPI on the gastrointestinal bleeding. As a conclusion, as the clinical studies are not conclusive, the French health authorities have recently removed the alert about this interaction. PPI and clopidogrel can thus be co-prescribed.