动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学诊断

目的：探讨动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ABC）的影像学特点。资料与方法：回顾性分析23例经手术病理证实的ABC的影像学表现，23例均摄X线平片和CT平扫。4例行MRI检查。结果：23例ABC发生于长骨18例，骨盆5例。ABC平片表现常为偏心性膨胀性骨破坏；CT平扫可见膨胀的骨壳内缘呈清晰弧形压迹，其中骨壳完整12例，断缺11例。病灶密度不均，19例可见蜂房样低密度影或液－液平面，15例出现软组织肿块；4例MRI主要表现为T1WI呈等低信号，T2WI呈大小不一高信号囊腔或液－液平面，3例增强扫描，2例无明显强化，1例轻度强化，囊间隔在T1WI、T2WI及增强后均为低信号。结论：X线平片简便经济，但对内部结构的显示有一定限度，CT和MR对内部结构及软组织的显示明显优于前者，对ABC具有很高的诊断价值。     

长骨原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学表现

目的分析长骨原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿(ABC)影像学表现,提高对其诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的24例长骨ABC的影像学资料,所有患者均行X线平片、CT及MRI检查,18例行MRI增强扫描。结果 X线表现为囊状膨胀性骨质破坏,10例病灶邻近骨质见连续骨膜反应,17例病灶内见粗细不一骨嵴;CT表现为病灶内缘分叶状改变,边缘锐利并不同程度硬化;MRI表现为囊性病灶,T_1WI序列呈等或稍低信号、T_2WI呈混杂稍高或高信号,病灶内及边缘可见分叶状或条索状低信号,20例可见液-液平面,增强扫描病灶边缘及内部分隔明显强化。结论长骨原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学表现典型,结合不同影像检查,不难诊断。     

支气管源性囊肿的CT及MRI表现

目的 探讨支气管源性囊肿的CT及MRI表现,以期提高对其诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法 选取80例经手术病理证实的支气管源性囊肿的影像学资料,并分析总结其影像表现特点。80例患者中42例行CT增强扫描,32例行CT平扫,3例行MRI平扫,3例同时行CT增强扫描与MRI平扫。结果 80例支气管源性囊肿中,72例为含液囊肿,5例为含气囊肿,3例为含气、液囊肿。其中位于纵隔者57例,肺内14例,异位9例。病灶呈类圆形、条形或分叶形。11例病灶囊壁可见点状、条状钙化。行CT增强扫描12例囊壁有轻度强化;行MRI平扫T2WI均呈高信号,T1WI呈等、稍低或稍高信号。结论 支气管源性囊肿的CT和MRI表现有一定的特点,病灶无明显强化、囊壁钙化灶及磁共振T2WI呈明显高信号等影像表现,对于其诊断和鉴别诊断有一定的价值。     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像和病理学表现

目的:分析动脉瘤样骨囊肿(aneuriysmal bone cyst,ABC)的影像学及病理学特点,以期提高ABC的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析32例经病理证实的动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现,全部病例中行X线检查20例,行CT检查17例,行MRI检查14例,部分患者在X线检查后进行了CT或MRI检查。结果:病灶分布于四肢长骨18例,脊椎8例、骨盆4例、下颌骨1例、跟骨1例;在X线和CT表现为上ABC表现为偏心性和膨胀性骨质破坏,MRI表现为多囊性病灶,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号;病理均表现为含血囊腔及结缔组织性的间隔。结论:动脉瘤样骨囊肿有其特征性影像学表现,普通X线检查是最基本的首选检查方法,CT和MRI在显示动脉瘤样骨囊肿病灶内部结构和鉴别诊断上具有优势,综合影像学检查能提高动脉瘤样骨囊肿诊断符合率。     

原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学诊断

目的：分析原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ABC）的影像学表现,评价其影像学诊断价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析经手术或活检证实的动脉瘤样骨囊肿176例,其中原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿111例,继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿65例。完整影像学资料共42例,均行X线检查,其中30例行CT检查,15例行MRI检查,9例同时行CT及MRI检查。结果：42例动脉瘤样骨囊肿平片上根据病变部位分偏心型22例、髓内型18例、骨旁型2例,大多数表现为偏心型膨胀性骨破坏;CT扫描可见25例不同程度骨膨胀、骨皮质内缘的分房状压迹和骨嵴影,皮质破坏断缺7例,15例见骨包壳,3例见液-液平面;15例MRI扫描表现为分叶状肿块,9例MRI表现为T1WI低、T2WI高信号囊腔,6例表现为混杂信号,囊间隔均为T1WI、T2WI低信号,6例行MRI增强扫描,均见间隔强化,5例见液-液平面。结论：原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿具有一定的影像学特征,X线、CT及MRI三者结合能明显提高诊断正确率。     

多形性黄色星形细胞瘤影像学表现与病理学分析

目的探讨多形性黄色星形细胞瘤(PXA)的影像学及病理学表现.方法回顾性分析2003-2011年间共12例经手术病理证实的 PXA 病人组织病理学、免疫组织化学和影像学资料.12例病人均行 MRI 平扫及增强检查,其中5例行 CT 平扫,2例行 CT 平扫和增强扫描.结果12例病人病理组织学均可见不同程度囊变,瘤细胞呈明显多形性,肿瘤中有淋巴组织浸润,少有坏死,核分裂少或无.其中10例表达 CD34.12例病人肿瘤均为单发,位于幕上.MRI 平扫时实性部分 T1WI 呈等信号或稍低信号,T2WI 为等信号或稍高信号;囊性部分 T1WI呈低信号,T2WI 呈高信号.MR 增强扫描时肿瘤实性部分和壁结节明显强化.5例病人进行 CT 平扫,3例表现为低密度囊性病变伴等密度结节,2例呈低密度囊性病变,未见明显结节影;增强扫描可见明显的强化结节.结论 PXA具有一定的影像和病理学特征,综合对比分析可以确定诊断.     

中枢神经系统黑色素瘤的影像学表现

目的探讨中枢神经系统黑色素瘤的CT和MRI表现。资料与方法回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的黑色素细胞肿瘤患者的CT、MRI影像特点及临床病理资料。10例中,4例行CT平扫,1例行CT平扫及增强扫描,8例行MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果颅内9例,椎管内1例;5例CT平扫表现为高密度,1例CT增强扫描明显强化;8例MRI均表现为T1WI呈高信号,T2WI呈低信号,其中6例明显均匀强化,1例轻度强化,1例环形强化。结论黑色素瘤具有典型的影像学表现,尤其是MRI信号特点具有特征性,对大多数病例可做出准确的影像学诊断。     

卵巢甲状腺肿的CT和MRI表现与病理对照分析

目的：探讨卵巢甲状腺肿(SO)的 CT、MR 影像学表现特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的10例 SO 患者的影像学及组织学资料,其中6例行 CT 平扫及增强扫描,4例行 MR 平扫及增强扫描。结果10例 SO 均为单发,呈分叶状或椭圆形,边缘清楚,直径<10 cm,4例伴有腹腔积液。6例囊实性,4例囊性,囊性部分密度及信号多变,CT 表现为低密度或高密度,4例出现高密度囊腔。MRI 表现为以 T1 WI 低信号、T2 WI 高信号或 T2 WI 低信号为主,1例表现为 T1 WI 低信号、T2 WI 极低信号的“真空征”,增强后实性部分及囊壁明显强化。结论SO 的 CT、MR 表现反映了其病理学特征,对其诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

输卵管卵巢脓肿影像学表现及误诊分析

目的：总结输卵管卵巢脓肿的影像学表现,探讨该病影像学诊断价值并分析误诊原因。方法回顾性分析13例术后病理确诊或临床确诊输卵管卵巢脓肿影像学资料,4例行 CT 平扫,9例行 MRI 平扫及增强(其中5例同时行超声检查),并与病理结果对照。结果10例表现为附件区腊肠样病变(其中1例超声误诊为肠梗阻),CT 平扫呈均匀低密度影,MRI 平扫呈长/短 T1长T2信号、部分可见液-液平面形成,增强扫描脓肿壁轻度增厚并明显均匀强化,所有患者表现不同程度腹腔、盆腔积液及周围筋膜增厚;3例表现为单侧附件区厚壁多房囊实性包块(其中2例术前误诊为卵巢肿瘤性病变),增强扫描表现为厚壁及分隔明显强化。结论CT 及 MRI 对腊肠样表现的输卵管卵巢脓肿诊断的特异性及敏感性较高,多能做出定性诊断,对囊实性病灶能清楚显示,但定性诊断困难,误诊率较高。     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现与诊断价值分析

目的 分析动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学表现及X线、CT、MRI分别在动脉瘤样骨囊肿诊断中的价值,提高对本病的认识.方法 回顾性分析经病理学证实的22例动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现,全部病例均行X线检查,其中5例行CT检查,10例行MR检查.结果 X线检查均表现为囊性、膨胀性骨质破坏伴骨包壳形成,15例内部见粗细不匀骨间隔.CT检查能显示病灶内部的细小骨嵴、骨包壳中断情况及囊性低密度区,其中2例见液-液平面.MR扫描T1WI 4例显示液-液平面,T2WI 7例显示液-液平面,囊间隔与囊壁厚薄不等,增强扫描强化明显.结论 X线平片呈膨胀性溶骨改变,CT和MRI出现囊腔、液-液平面、强化明显的囊壁及囊间隔征象是诊断的重要依据.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.