人I型谷丙氨酸氨基转移酶的原核表达及抗血清的制备

目的：构建人谷丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT1）的原核表达载体,并用纯化的ALT1重组蛋白免疫家兔,制备ALT1抗血清．方法：从HepG2细胞中提取总RNA,RT—PCR扩增alt1基因,并将其克隆人pMD19-T载体中测序,将测序正确的目的基因克隆至PET-32a（＋）表达载体中,并诱导其在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中表达;所获得的包涵体蛋白经亲和层析纯化、透析复性、WesternBlot鉴定后,免疫家兔制备抗血清,抗体效价和特异性分别采用ELISA,WesternBlot进行检测．结果：测序证实克隆的基因序列与GenBank中的ALT1序列相符;SDS—PAGE,Westernblot结果证实获得Mr为75×10^3的ALT1融合蛋白,其表达形式为不溶性包涵体;此包涵体蛋白经Ni^2＋亲和层析能有效纯化,以该蛋白免疫家兔制备抗血清,抗体效价为1：100000,WesternBlot检测证实该抗体能与目的蛋白发生特异性结合．结论：获得了ALT1重组蛋白及特异性多克隆抗体．     

杜氏盐藻葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶重组蛋白的纯化及其多克隆抗体制备

目的：纯化杜氏盐藻葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶（GPI）重组蛋白,制备多克隆抗体。方法：PCR扩增得到两端分别添加NdeⅠ和EcoRⅠ酶切位点的GPI基因,双酶切后插入原核表达载体pET28a（＋）,得到重组载体pET28a-GPI,经鉴定正确后,用该重组载体转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导表达后用镍离子柱纯化目的蛋白并免疫新西兰白兔,间接ELISA和Westernblot法检测抗体的效价和特异性。结果：杜氏盐藻GPI基因在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中得到高效表达,占总蛋白的41.6%。以高纯度的目标蛋白作为抗原免疫新西兰白兔,得到抗GPI的抗血清。间接ELISA检测抗血清效价达到1：512000,Westernblot检测证实抗血清能与目的蛋白特异性结合。结论：成功纯化了杜氏盐藻GPI重组蛋白并制备了特异性的GPI多克隆抗体。     

利用DNA免疫技术制备抗登革2型病毒NS2B蛋白多克隆抗体

目的构建登革2型病毒(dengue virus serotype2,DV2)非结构蛋白NS2B的真核表达质粒pCAGGS-P7/NS2B,进行DNA免疫,制备小鼠抗NS2B特异性多克隆抗体。方法PCR扩增DV2-NS2B基因片段,构建真核表达载体pCAGGS-P7/NS2B,采用脂质体介导的方法转染Vero细胞,检测目标蛋白的表达。用该表达质粒免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备抗NS2B抗血清。结果成功构建真核表达重组质粒pCAGGS-P7/NS2B,该重组质粒具有良好的免疫原性,免疫小鼠后所获的抗血清,抗体效价达1∶3200,Western blot和间接免疫荧光证实抗血清能特异性地识别DV2-NS2B蛋白。结论通过DNA免疫所制备小鼠抗DV2-NS2B抗血清能特异性地识别DV2-NS2B蛋白。     

nm23-M2 cDNA克隆、表达及抗体制备

为通过基因工程技术表达和纯化重组nm23-M2蛋白，进而制备高效价、高特异性的抗血清。构建在大肠杆菌中高效表达pQE30／nm23-M2表达质粒，Ni^＋-NTA亲和层析纯化；用纯化蛋白免疫兔，制备抗血清并纯化，琼脂双向扩散法测效价，免疫组织化学比较它与抗NM23-H2抗体的特异性。结果：nm23-M2 cDNA序列完全正确，表达的17KD可溶性融合蛋白占菌体总蛋白45％，纯化后纯度97％以上，抗血清效价为1：64—128，提纯后纯度在90％以上，特异性高于NM23-H2抗体。     

多疣壁虎SPARCL1多克隆抗血清的制备及鉴定

目的：制备针对多疣壁虎SPARCL1的多克隆抗体,为深入研究SPARCL1基因功能奠定基础。方法：构建pGEX-4T1-SPARCL1质粒,在大肠杆菌BL21表达GST-SPARCL1蛋白,经亲和层析纯化后免疫新西兰大白兔,获得SPARCL1抗血清,经酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测SPARCL1抗血清的效价,Western blot和免疫组化法检测多克隆抗体特异性。结果：成功构建多疣壁虎SPARCL1基因的原核表达质粒pGEX-4T1-SPARCL1,诱导得到较高纯度的GST-SPARCL1融合蛋白,免疫兔获得SPARCL1抗血清,经Western-blot及免疫组织化学实验显示所得抗体具有较高的效价及特异性。结论：成功获得较高效价特异性强的SPARCL1抗血清,为进一步深入研究多疣壁虎SPARCL1功能提供抗体工具。     

携带跨膜信号的凋亡蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

目的构建携带跨膜信号序列的凋亡蛋白（apoptin）的原核表达载体PET-28a（＋）-apoptin,诱导表达并纯化重组apoptin蛋白,制备多克隆抗体。方法用多重PCR的方法扩增跨膜信号序列（PTD）及apoptin的编码序列,构建原核表达载体PET-28a（＋）-PTD-apoptin,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,低温条件下IPTG诱导目的基因表达,SDS-PAGE方法鉴定蛋白表达,经镍亲和层析方法纯化目的蛋白后,免疫BALB／c小鼠,制备多克隆抗体。结果DNA测序鉴定表明成功构建了原核表达载体PET-28a（＋）-PTD-apoptin,该重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,经低温和IPTG诱导后,获得重组apoptin蛋白,制备的多克隆抗体经ELISA方法和免疫印迹法证实能特异性地识别apoptin。结论成功获得了携带跨膜信号序列的重组蛋白apoptin及其多克隆抗体,为进一步研究其特异性诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡功能及相关机制奠定了基础。     

人睾丸特异表达基因TDRG1 单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的：构建原核质粒表达TDRG1重组蛋白,制备其单克隆抗体（mAb）并鉴定其生物学特性。方法：用逆转录聚合酶链反应法从成人睾丸组织中扩增TDRG1编码序列,将其克隆到pET21原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）内进行诱导表达TDRG1重组蛋白。以纯化后的重组蛋白免疫BALB/C小鼠,利用杂交瘤细胞融合技术制备单克隆抗体（mAb）。ELISA法检测杂交瘤细胞分泌mAb的效价和类型,Western 印迹和免疫组织化学染色鉴定mAb的特异性。 结果：成功构建了pET21/TDRG1原核表达质粒并获得纯度较高的重组蛋白。筛选出2株能稳定分泌抗TDRG1的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞系,其效价比高达1∶1.6×106,免疫球蛋白类型均为IgG1类。Western 印迹和免疫组织化学染色显示该mAb能特异结合成人睾丸组织中的TDRG1蛋白。结论：所获得的重组TDRG1蛋白纯度高,免疫抗原性强,并成功制备了抗TDRG1的单克隆抗体。     

布氏杆菌PBP39蛋白抗原表达及免疫效果的研究

目的获得纯化的布氏杆菌PBP39重组蛋白抗原,观察PBP39重组蛋白的免疫原性.方法扩增不同种布氏杆菌PBP39基因,测序、连接表达载体PET32a,诱导表达,柱纯化PBP39重组蛋白抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,ELISA检测抗体及抗体亚型.结果我国牛、羊、猪布氏杆菌PBP39基因与国外已报道的PBP39编码基因不完全相同.在蛋白N端58位碱基后多一G,造成移码突变.故在85、86、87位编码终止子TCA.而在134、135、136位的ATG又编码了新的起始密码.布氏杆菌PBP39蛋白在大肠杆菌高效表达,表达量达40%,纯化重组蛋白抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,产生了较高水平的特异性抗体免疫应答,抗体亚型主要是IgG1.结论我国牛、羊、猪布氏杆菌PBP39编码抗原蛋白同国外已报道的不完全相同,纯化的PBP39重组蛋白抗原可诱导高水平的抗体反应,为筛选布氏杆菌病新型疫苗保护性抗原分子奠定了基础.     

重组耻垢分枝杆菌经鼻粘膜免疫在小鼠体内的分布与表达

目的：探讨携带编码人天然颗粒溶素（GLS）和小鼠IL-12基因质粒（pZM03）的重组耻垢分枝杆菌经鼻粘膜免疫在小鼠体内的分布与表达。方法：将携带绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因质粒（pUV15）的重组耻垢分枝杆菌滴鼻BALB／c小鼠后2周，处死小鼠，观察肺、脾组织中荧光蛋白和耻垢分枝杆菌的分布；将携带GLS和IL-12质粒（pZM03）的重组耻垢分枝杆菌滴鼻免疫BALB／C小鼠3次，第1次免疫后4周，处死小鼠，用免疫组化检测肺、脾组织中GLS表达，用ELISA检测血清IL-12和肺泡灌洗液特异性SIgA的水平。结果：在BALB／c小鼠肺、脾组织中均检测到绿色荧光蛋白和耻垢分枝杆菌的分布，以及GLS的表达，并有血清IL-12水平升高和粘膜特异性SIgA的产生。结论：携带GFP的重组耻垢分枝杆菌可在肺和脾组织分布；携带GLS和IL-12的重组耻垢分枝杆菌经鼻粘膜免疫小鼠后，可引起呼吸道粘膜特异性抗菌免疫，以及GLS和IL-12的体内表达，为新型疫苗的研究奠定了基础.     

泡球蚴Em18多克隆抗血清的制备和鉴定

目的：制备和鉴定泡球蚴Em18抗原的多克隆抗血清.方法： 利用大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）表达重组质粒pET41a-Em18,经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导、表达和纯化rEm18-GST蛋白,免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备鼠源抗Em18多克隆抗体,采用ELISA和Western blot法鉴定其特异性.结果： （1）SDS-PAGE检测表明,rEm18-GST蛋白得到成功表达,在相对分子量为50 kDa处有表达条带.（2）纯化后获得高纯度的rEm18-GST蛋白.（3）ELISA结果表明,抗Em18抗血清的抗体滴度为1∶25 600;Western blot结果表明抗Em18抗血清能与rEm18-GST蛋白发生特异性结合.结论： 获得了特异性识别rEm18-GST蛋白的多克隆抗体,为进一步筛选Em18模拟抗原表位奠定基础.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.