学龄前儿童视力普查

为了更好地开展屈光不正、弱视的防治工作 ,使其能够早期发现、早期治疗。笔者对广州 40所幼儿园 12 85 7名 4～6 a儿童进行视力普查 ,对 937例裸眼视力 <1.0者进行屈光检查 ,现将调查结果报告如下。1　资料和方法1.1　一般资料　本组为 1998～ 1999年 2 a间对广州市 40所幼儿园 4～ 6岁 12 85 7名儿童视力检查 ,男 6 6 5 1名 ,女6 2 0 6名。1.2　方法　使用国际标准视力表测视力 ,视力 <1.0者 ,用10 g· L- 1 阿托品点眼 ,每天 1次 ,连续 3d后行检影验光并检查眼前后段。屈光不正者酌情配戴眼镜 ,矫正视力 <0 .9者行弱视治疗。1.3　评价标…     

福州市21952名学龄前儿童视力调查

目的探索学龄前儿童视力低常状况,及弱视患病率,为临床治疗提供依据.方法对福州市3～7岁21952名学龄前儿童进行视力普查,将单眼或双眼视力低于1.0者,通知到门诊复查,将矫正视力＜0.9,定为弱视.结果视力低常与年龄密切相关,患病率14.35%,其中男14.11%,女14.58%;弱视患病率3.38%,各年龄组弱视患病率差异无显著性(P＞0.05);视力低常者屈光不正分布远视81.96%,近视8.43%,混合散光9.61%,三者差异有显著性.结论学龄前儿童年龄越小,视力低常率越高;各年龄组弱视患病率无差异;对3～4岁儿童进行弱视诊断时应注意年龄因素.     

广州市学龄前儿童与小学生视力调查分析

我们近年对广州市 4 0所幼儿园、16所小学校进行了视力调查 ,经过回顾性分析并结合临床治疗 ,对少年儿童不同发育成长阶段所表现的屈光不正和弱视状况进行探讨。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　我院于 1998～ 1999年分别对广州市 4 0所幼儿园 12 85 7名学龄前儿童视力检查 ,其中男 6 6 5 1名 ,女6 2 0 6名 ,年龄 4～ 6岁 ;对广州市 16所小学 2 385 0名学龄期小学生视力检查 ,年龄 7～ 12岁。前来医院进一步散瞳验光的幼儿园儿童 937例 ,其中弱视 2 6 5例 4 78眼 ,小学生 6 78例 ,其中弱视 5 2例 96眼。1.2　检查方法　使用国际标准视力表箱 5 …     

学龄前异常视力儿童屈光状态分析

为了探索学龄前异常视力儿童的屈光状态及其发生、发展、分布规律，抓住儿童视觉发育的关键时期及早治疗。笔者对近2．sa就诊的287例裸眼视力＜l．0学龄前儿童进行了屈光检查分析及治疗探讨，现报告如下。1资料和方法1．1一般资料本组共287例554眼，男133例250眼，女154例304眼；双眼267例（93．03％），其中4a者69例，sa者105例，6a者93例；单眼20例（6．97％），其中4a者3例，sa者8例，6a者9例；年龄4～6a，平均5．la。本组均无其它眼病、眼手术史。1．2方法使用国际标准视力表检查视力，用10g·L－’阿托品眼膏点眼，每日2次，连续7次后…     

学龄前儿童的条栅视力观察

目的了解婴幼儿条栅视力的发育情况。方法采用电脑控制的闭路式强化优先注视（COPL）系统,以普查的形式进行条栅视力检查,分析本系统与方法的可靠性、成功率及599例2～72个月的正常婴幼儿及学龄前儿童的视力发育趋势。结果所有年龄组2次检测结果均表现出良好的可重复性;此检查方法成功率较高,可达90％以上,体现了COPL系统的强化优先注视的优势。检查中2～12个月和42～72个月的幼儿配合较好,12～42个月的幼儿处于好动状态,配合率略低,但也远高于以往文献报道;随幼儿年龄增加,其条栅视力亦逐渐增加。通过散点图估计发育趋势线图,可见出生后12个月的幼儿视力提高显著,之后条栅视力稳步上升,30～36个月视力变化相对趋于平缓,36个月之后的条栅视力发育进入平台期。结论应用电脑控制的COPL视力检测系统对学龄前幼儿条栅视力检查有较好的临床效果,可有效地应用于学龄前婴幼儿视力发育的研究,了解不同年龄段条栅视力发育的快慢及其发育成熟的年龄和可以发育的最高程度。     

北京市密云县学龄前儿童视力状况分析

目的:了解密云县学龄前儿童视力状况,为学龄前儿童眼保健工作提供指导依据和可行性方法。方法:选择密云县具有代表性的三个区域部分学龄前儿童(4～6岁)进行常规远视力检查,对视力结果进行统计分析。结果:学龄前儿童4,5和6岁视力低常率分别为36.29%,24.43%和20.86%;城镇视力低常率为36.76%,城乡结合部为24.35%,农村为17.08%;视力低常者中,轻度84.38%,中度8.99%,重度6.63%。结论:学龄前儿童的视力低常率以4岁组最高,城镇视力低常率明显高于城乡结合部和农村,视力低常者中以轻度低常为主。学龄前儿童视力是儿童眼保健工作的重要内容,结果受多种因素影响,应正确分析对待。     

武汉市新洲区学龄前儿童视力调查分析

目的:了解武汉市新洲区学龄前儿童视力发育状况及弱视患病率。方法:受检儿童3211例使用目前我国通用的国际标准视力表检查视力。3岁及以上视力低于0.5,4～5岁低于0.6,6～7岁低于0.7或双眼视力相差两行以上者,通知到医院门诊复诊。结果:受检儿童3211例视力异常检出率为7.51%。视力异常眼的屈光状态以远视为主;在屈光不正性弱视中,轻度弱视占比例最大,中度弱视次之,弱视患病率为6岁组3.68%,5岁组3.76%,4岁组7.93%,3岁组16.48%。各年龄组的视力随年龄增长而逐渐提高,各年龄组视力主要分布:3岁(0.5518±0.1910)、4岁(0.6444±0.1584)、5岁(0.6662±0.1544)、6岁(0.7601±0.1119)。视力异常率在3岁年龄组差异有统计学意义P<0.05,视力异常率在4～6岁年龄组差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论:儿童的视力呈动态发育过程,对弱视的诊断应考虑年龄因素。应加大弱视常识及危害性的宣传,提高家长、社会对弱视的认识和重视。     

学龄前儿童视力和屈光状态分析

目的:了解北京市通州区学龄前儿童的视力现况,并对其屈光状态进行分析。方法:横断面调查研究。于2021-12/2022-01采用整群随机抽样法选取北京市通州区9所幼儿园3～6岁儿童1 513人3 026眼,均进行视力和屈光度检查,并分析不同年龄段儿童视力和屈光度分布情况。结果:纳入儿童视力低常率为15.47%,屈光异常率为14.24%,且随着年龄增长,屈光异常检出率减少,而屈光异常类型以单纯近视性散光为主(11.46%),随着年龄增加,单纯性远视率逐渐降低,单纯性近视率逐渐增加。屈光度检查结果显示,纳入儿童球镜度为0.50(0.25,1.00)D,柱镜度为-0.25(-0.50,-0.25)D,等效球镜度为0.375(0,0.625)D。不同年龄段儿童球镜度和等效球镜度均无差异(P>0.05),但柱镜度有差异(P<0.001)。结论:3～5岁儿童视力低常率随年龄增加逐渐降低,6岁后又呈增加趋势。3～6岁儿童屈光异常以单纯近视性散光为主。学龄前儿童视力发育情况应重点关注,应定期进行视力和屈光状态检查。     

中山市火炬开发区2019年学龄前儿童视力筛查分析

目的 探讨中山市火炬开发区2019年学龄前儿童视力筛查情况。方法 将2019年中山市火炬开发区所有的52所幼儿园和托儿所2～6岁学龄前儿童应用索维SW-800进行视力筛查,并统计分析其结果。结果 共12586名(25172只眼)学龄前儿童完成视力筛查,把结果统计为视力异常(2619只眼,10.4%)、视力可疑(13478只眼,53.5%)、视力正常(9075只眼,36.1%)。视力异常与视力可疑右左眼比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各年龄组(2岁、3岁、4岁、5岁、6岁)的视力异常率接近(分别为11.1%、10.7%、11.3%、9.3%、10.3%),但是比较有统计学意义(P=0.002)。两两比较发现,3岁与5岁组(P=0.012)、4岁与5岁组(P<0.001)视力异常比较有统计学意义;而其他年龄组视力异常没有差异(P>0.05)。各年龄组视力异常中散光占比最高(72.5%);球镜0、-0.25D占比较高(31.5%)。结论 学龄前儿童视力异常、视力可疑、远视储备耗尽的占比均处于较高水平,散光异常较为常见,学龄前儿童视力保健措施很有必要。     

Agreement and diagnostic accuracy of vision screening in preschool children between vision technicians and spot vision screener

Purpose:Screening preschool children for vision-related disorders poses a challenge. This study is designed to determine the agreement and diagnostic accuracy of the spot vision screener (SVS) in screening preschool children compared to screening procedure by vision technicians (VT).Methods:This study was conducted as a part of the ongoing study titled “Initiative for Screening Children for Refractive Errors and other Eye Health Needs (I-SCREEN).” Children from 33 Anganwadis (preschools) in two districts, Adilabad district of Telangana and Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, in South India, underwent eye health screening by a VT and by a trained community eye health workers (CEHW) using the SVS. Findings were compared for agreement and diagnostic accuracy of assessment.Results:A total of 976 preschool children were screened by the VT and separately by the CEHW using the SVS in Adilabad (15 schools) and Krishna (18 schools) districts. The overall mean age of these children was 2.5 years (SD ± 1.3 years). There were 48 (4.9%) referrals by VT compared to 105 (10.8%) referrals by CEHW using SVS. The overall sensitivity of SVS was 91.7% (95% CI: 80%–97.7%) and the specificity was 93.4% (95% CI: 91.6%–94.9%). Positive predictive value was 41.9% (95% CI: 32.3%–51.9%) and negative predictive value was 99.5% (95% CI: 98.8%–99.9%) with a moderate agreement (0.54; 95% CI 0.49–0.64) between VT screening and screening with SVS.Conclusion:The SVS showed good diagnostic accuracy and agreement in screening for possible vision-related disorders in preschool children.     

SureSight手持验光仪在3～6岁儿童屈光不正筛查中的应用

目的 探讨SureSight手持验光仪在3～6岁儿童屈光不正筛查中的应用价值.方法 横断面研究.对徐汇区康健街道内321例经初步筛查后视力可疑低常儿童,进行非睫状肌麻痹下SureSight手持式验光仪及睫状肌麻痹下Topcon台式验光仪检查.将所得检测结果进行Bland-Altman相关性检验,并利用ROC曲线计算SureSight屈光不正筛选标准以进行诊断性试验评价.结果 非睫状肌麻痹下SureSight验光测得的球镜度、柱镜度及SE均与睫状肌麻痹下Topcon验光仪所测得相应度数差异有统计学意义,在测量结果上两者有中度(球镜度:r=0.59,P＜0.05;SE:r=0.54,P＜0.05)到高度(柱镜度:r=0.89,P＜0.05)相关性.进一步以散瞳后Topcon测量值为金标准作ROC曲线,发现当SureSight SE测量值≤+1.13 D时,可划定为可疑近视,SE测量值≥+1.44 D时,划定为可疑远视,散光测量值≥0.88 D时,划定为可疑散光.散光、近视及远视的Youden指数分别为0.679、0.298及0.270.结论 3～6岁儿童非睫状肌麻痹下SureSight检测结果在散光的筛查中具有一定的临床意义,可协助划定可疑参考值范围,操作方便.但用于近视以及远视的筛查界定有一定的局限性.     

Review of preschool vision screening referrals in South Auckland, New Zealand

Background: Limited data are available on the causes of visual impairment in preschool children in New Zealand. We aimed to review demographic and visual parameters in children referred to the Ophthalmology Department, Manukau Super Clinic from vision screening programs in South Auckland. Methods: Retrospective medical record review of 131 children, aged three to five years, referred from community‐based vision screening programs to the Ophthalmology Department for further assessment. Medical records were reviewed to determine: the reason for referral; findings from ophthalmic assessments; treatment received; and visual acuity at the final visit. The main outcome measures were the cause of visual impairment in children referred from preschool vision screening and the visual acuity at the final follow‐up visit. Results: Thirty‐eight (29.0 per cent) children were discharged after their initial assessment as false positive referrals. Almost half (45.5 per cent) of the children were prescribed glasses for the correction of refractive error, amblyopia or strabismus. Twenty‐nine (22.1 per cent) children were diagnosed with amblyopia with an average follow‐up period of 17.5 ± 2.7 months. In general, compliance with therapy for amblyopia was poor with 48.3 per cent non‐compliant with their prescribed treatment regimen. Despite this, visual outcomes were good with an average final visual acuity in the amblyopic eye of 0.294 ± 0.231 logMAR (Snellen 6/12). Conclusions: The ‘positive predictive value’ for the Counties‐Manukau preschool vision screening program was 47.4 per cent, suggesting that the visual acuity measurements alone produce a significant number of false positive results. In children diagnosed with amblyopia, early detection and intervention showed significant improvement in vision in the amblyopic eye, with many children also showing improved binocular function.     

Spot Vision Screener视力筛查仪在儿童视力筛查中的应用分析

目的：通过对Spot Vision Screener视力筛查仪在儿童视力筛查中的应用探讨,寻求一种新型、可靠、方便的儿童屈光状况筛查方法。方法：对我院门诊进行筛查的2~9岁儿童共87例174眼进行屈光检查,并将结果与电脑显然验光结果进行对比。结果：Spot Vision Screener视力筛查仪与电脑显然验光结果对比,除右眼球镜值存在统计学差异外,两种方法测量的左眼球镜值、双眼柱镜值及柱镜轴向、双眼等效球镜值均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论：Spot Vision Screener视力筛查仪操作简单易行,儿童配合度好,不失为临床对儿童进行视力筛查的一种新方法。     

Review of guidelines for children's vision screenings

The aim of children's vision screenings is to detect visual problems that are common in this age category through valid and reliable tests. Nevertheless, the cost effectiveness of paediatric vision screenings, the nature of the tests included in the screening batteries and the ideal screening age has been the cause of much debate in Australia and worldwide. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to report on the current practice of children's vision screenings in Australia and other countries, as well as to evaluate the evidence for and against the provision of such screenings. This was undertaken through a detailed investigation of peer‐reviewed publications on this topic. The current review demonstrates that there is no agreed vision screening protocol for children in Australia. This appears to be a result of the lack of strong evidence supporting the benefit of such screenings. While amblyopia, strabismus and, to a lesser extent refractive error, are targeted by many screening programs during pre‐school and at school entry, there is less agreement regarding the value of screening for other visual conditions, such as binocular vision disorders, ocular health problems and refractive errors that are less likely to reduce distance visual acuity. In addition, in Australia, little agreement exists in the frequency and coverage of screening programs between states and territories and the screening programs that are offered are ad hoc and poorly documented. Australian children stand to benefit from improved cohesion and communication between jurisdictions and health professionals to enable an equitable provision of validated vision screening services that have the best chance of early detection and intervention for a range of paediatric visual problems.     

学龄前儿童视力低常眼的静态屈光分析

目的了解学龄前儿童视力低常眼的静态屈光,分析视力与屈光关系。方法对象为幼儿园普查及视光门诊就诊视力低常的〉3~6岁学龄前儿童1000名（1934只眼）,进行眼科常规检查,重点包括远近视力,并进行1%阿托品眼膏散瞳验光。结果学龄前儿童视力低常眼的静态屈光中屈光不正类型以复性远视散光为主,程度以轻度多见;在屈光不正性弱视中,远视性弱视占主要部分。结论学龄前儿童视力低常眼的静态屈光主要为远视类屈光不正,确定学龄前儿童的视力低常是生理性还是病理性不能仅据视力。静态屈光测定是定性视力、确定屈光是否异常的必不可少的选择。     

助视器在盲与低视力患者康复中的应用分析

目的 :通过调查随访 ,了解盲与低视力患者康复情况。方法 :对已配戴助视器的 10 3例 135只眼的致盲原因、矫治前后的远近视力、配戴时间、对助视器的使用及康复效果等进行调查随访。结果 :135只眼致盲原因占首位的是各类视网膜脉络膜病变 ,其次为各类白内障 (包括术后 )。使用助视器后 ,远近视力均有不同程度的提高。结论 :在盲与低视力患者的康复中 ,助视器的应用仍是较为可靠、有效的矫治方法之一。但仍需改进     

视力低常的学龄前儿童屈光不正的分布规律研究

目的:观察与研究锦州市1 170例学龄前儿童视力低常的儿童屈光不正的分布规律.方法:抽取锦州市城区10所幼儿园,对3～6岁学龄前儿童进行视觉状况调查,分别进行视力检查、眼位检查、屈光状态检查、眼科常规检查以及立体视检查等.对于视力低于0.8的儿童进行散瞳验光.结果:(1)视力低常率:3岁为6.37％,4岁为7.79％,5岁为15.24％,6岁为8.93％,5岁儿童低常率明显高于其他年龄组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);(2)视力低常眼病分布:视力低常患者中,屈光不正占95.61％.屈光不正分布:远视71.67％,其中3岁为75.00％,4岁为78.26％,5岁为75.44％,6岁为54.17％;近视17.50％,其中3岁为6.25％,4岁为13.04％,5岁为17.54％,6岁为29.17％;混合散光10.83％,其中3岁为18.75％,4岁为8.70％,5岁为7.02％,6岁为16.67％;(3)弱视情况:弱视患病率4.27％.对弱视相关因素调查显示,屈光参差性占36.00％,轻度66.67％,中度27.78％,重度5.56％;斜视性占16.00％,轻度25.00％,中度62.50％,重度12.50％;形觉剥夺性占2.00％,轻度0％,中度0％,重度100.00％.结论:学龄前儿童年龄较大者比年龄较小者视力较好,说明年龄的增长儿童视功能发育逐渐成熟.屈光不正中各组比例提示,远视是3～6岁学龄前儿童视力低下的主要原因.近视、斜视、弱视等因素所占比例提示普查手段十分重要,应早发现早治疗.     

Lea Symbols与Tumbling E视力表在学龄前儿童视力检查中的应用

目的比较LeaSymbols视力表与TumblingE视力表在学龄前儿童中视力的检测率、视力值和双眼间视力差异。方法对温州市某幼儿园一小班24名36～50(平均43.2±3.71)个月的儿童以随机顺序先后用LeaSymbols与TumblingE视力表检查单眼视力,视力值用logMAR记录方法来表示,用logMAR单位记录双眼视力差异。结果Leasymbols视力表的检测率为96%,Tum-blingE视力表的检测率为71%,其中33只眼能配合查Leasymbols与TumblingE,TumblingE的视力为0.26±0.10,Leasymbols的视力为0.19±0.10,两者呈线形相关(相关系数r=0.76),两者作配对t检验有显著性差异(t=6.068,p<0.0001),16名儿童用LeaSymbols测得的双眼视力差别为-0.004±0.065,用TumblingE测得的双眼视力差别为-0.019±0.067,两者呈线形相关(相关系数r=0.65),统计学分析两者无显著性差异(p=0.296)。结论Leasymbols视力表检查学龄前儿童视力特别是3～4周岁的儿童检测率高,LeaSymbols与TumblingE视力表一样能够很好地反映双眼间视力的差别,但与TumblingE视力表相比,LeaSymbols视力表存在过高估计视力的可能。视力的测定是个心理物理学过程,对于学龄前儿童,我们不能简单地根据视力小于0.8判断其弱视,而是要从儿童的认知水平来考虑。     

数码折射系统对学龄前儿童弱视危险因素普查的应用

目的:探讨数码折射系统在学龄前儿童进行早期视功能普查中的临床意义和应用价值。方法:我们于1999-07/2002-11对2168位6～50mo的学龄前儿童,应用数码折射系统技术进行视功能状态的检测,由2位技术人员对电脑荧光屏的图像作出判断,以确定受检儿童眼部是否存在弱视的危险因素,并与详细的眼部检查和散瞳视网膜检影作为对照。结果:数码折射系统在检测弱视危险因素包括远视(≥ 2.75D)、近视(≥-1.50D)、散光(≥1.25D)、屈光参差(≥2.00D)、眼位偏斜(≥5°)以及屈光间质混浊(≥1.5mm以上),其敏感性为94.57%,特异性为90.53%;结果显示,在受检的2168名婴幼儿中,122(5.63%)发现有明显的眼部异常,其中远视41例;近视28例;散光20例;屈光参差13例,此外,有12例为斜视;5例屈光间质混浊;3例先天性遗传性眼部异常。结论:我们的研究表明“数码折射系统”在临床应用中能客观准确、简单快速地检测婴幼儿及学龄前儿童的视功能异常,使这些视功能有异常的儿童可以及时接受适当的治疗。