经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣狭窄并左房血栓形成的临床研究

目的评价经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)治疗风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄(MS)合并左心房血栓形成的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法应用华法林抗凝治疗3~6个月后左房血栓仍存的风心病MS合并左心房血栓形成患者共20例,其中男5例,女15例,年龄22~55岁,平均(36.1±8.3)岁。采用常规方法进行PBMV,观察术中及随访1年期间有无体循环血栓栓塞并发症。结果PBMV成功率为100%,术中及术后随访期间血流动力学及心功能明显改善,无血栓栓塞并发症发生。结论对于合并左心房血栓患者经充分的华法林抗凝治疗,PBMV是安全可行且疗效满意的。     

风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房血栓形成的诊治分析

目的:分析风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房血栓形成的诊断和治疗.方法:74例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房血栓形成患者均行经胸与经食管超声心动图检查,口服华法林抗凝治疗,INR达标后行经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术.结果:所有患者均检出血栓形成,口服华法林治疗6个月后,73例患者INR达标,顺利行经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术,随访期间均无严重不良反应.结论经胸与经食管超声心动图检查和口服华法林进行抗凝治疗是风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房血栓形成患者的有效诊断和治疗方法.     

重度二尖瓣狭窄合并左心耳血栓患者的球囊扩张术研究

目的　评价经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术 (PBMV)治疗重度二尖瓣狭窄合并左心耳血栓的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法　选择经华法令抗凝治疗 12周以上的重度二尖瓣狭窄合并左心耳部位血栓患者 11例 ,男性 2例 ,女性9例 ;平均年龄 40 .6± 5 .7(2 5～ 62 )岁。采用Inoue单球囊技术行PBMV。术后随访一年以上 ,观察术中及随访期间有无体循环血栓栓塞并发症。结果　手术成功率 10 0 % ,术中及随访期间无一例发生血栓栓塞并发症。术后即刻及随访期间血流动力学及心功能明显改善。结论　对于经适当的华法令抗凝治疗后的重度二尖瓣狭窄合并左心耳血栓的患者 ,PBMV不仅安全可行而且可取得满意的疗效。     

二尖瓣球囊扩张栓塞并发症的预防

目的观察61例适宜于二尖瓣球囊扩张合并心房颤动患者及11例合并左心房血栓的患者进行华法令（3mg／d）抗凝治疗的效果。方法所有房颤及左心房血栓均由经食道超声心动图证实和随访。随访期间定期复查超声心动图、凝血酶原时间n结果对61例合并房颤而未发现左房血栓者华法令抗凝3个月后行二尖瓣球囊扩张无一例栓塞事件发生。合并左心房血栓者行华法令抗凝6个月opg％血栓消失。结论对合并房颤的风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者常规华法令抗凝3个月后再行二尖瓣球囊扩张可减少栓塞并发症的发生。对合并在房血栓患者抗凝时间以血栓消失为标准，华法令（3mg／d）抗凝安全可靠，以6个月为宜。     

风湿性心脏病左心房血栓华法林溶栓疗效及溶栓后行二尖瓣球囊扩张术的风险评价

风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者,特别是合并房颤者左心房血栓发生率非常高.一旦血栓形成,不但脑卒中或其他部位栓塞的机会明显增高[1],同时也使大量具有良好条件进行二尖瓣球囊成形术(PBMV)的患者失去治疗机会.既往有使用小剂量华法林治疗的经验[2,3],但我们体会该方法抗凝溶栓疗程较长,在此过程中栓塞发生或心功能加重的可能性增加.本研究拟探讨常规剂量华法林治疗后PBMV的疗效及风险.     

二尖瓣狭窄合并左心耳血栓患者经溶栓及联合抗凝后的球囊扩张术

目的评价二尖瓣狭窄合并左心耳血栓患者尿激酶溶栓及阿司匹林、低分子肝素联合抗凝后经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术（PBMV）治疗的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法选择经尿激酶溶栓及阿司匹林、低分子肝素联合抗凝治疗7d的二尖瓣狭窄合并左心耳血栓患者25例，采用Inoue单球囊技术行PBMV、术后随访1年以上，观察术中及随访期间有无血栓栓塞并发症。结果手术成功率100％，术中及随访期间无1例发生血栓栓塞并发症。术后即刻及随访期间血流动力学、心功能明显改善。结论对于经尿激酶溶栓及加用阿司匹林、低分子肝素联合抗凝治疗后的二尖瓣狭窄合并左心耳血栓患者，PBMV安全可行，疗效满意。     

华法令治疗左房血栓后施行二尖瓣球囊扩张术(附9例报告)

目的 探讨有左房附壁血栓的二尖瓣狭窄患者用药物消融血栓后行球囊扩张的方法与注意事项。方法 对我院收治的15例预备行二尖瓣球囊扩张术（PBMV）的风湿性二尖瓣狭窄（MS）患者以华法令2.5 mg/d治疗3周至1年后复查TEE,其中9例施行了PBMV。结果 最后1次TEE检查时6例附壁血栓完全消失,左心房各壁及左心耳内壁表面光滑;1例尚残留小钙化血栓在左心耳底部;1例左心房周边仍存在纤维化的附壁血栓;1例左心耳外侧壁小机化血栓存在。行PBMV术中1例发生脑栓塞现象,8例无任何动脉栓塞症。结论 口服华法令可消除部分病人的左心房附壁血栓并成功施行PBMV。     

二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房血栓患者的球囊扩张术探讨

目的：探讨二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房血栓患者安全接受二尖瓣球囊扩张术（ＰＢＭＶ）的方法。方法：对二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房血栓的２９例患者,给予正规的华法林抗凝治疗３～１２个月,然后再施行ＰＢＭＶ。结果：华法林抗凝治疗后有２４例患者的左心房血栓消失,２３例患者的血栓消失的时间是６个月以内：５例患者的血栓均有不同程度的缩小并呈现高强度回声。对血栓消失的２４例患者及缩小机化的５例患者成功地进行了ＰＢＭＶ;所有患者     

心房颤动伴左房血栓患者的经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术

目的 评价经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)治疗心房颤动(AF)伴左房血栓的二尖瓣狭窄患者的临床疗效.方法 选具备PBMV指征的风湿性二尖瓣狭窄(MS)合并心房颤动患者10例,经食管超声心动图(TEE)证实存在左房内血栓,均为2000年4月以后的住院患者,均予华法林治疗2个月后进行PBMV.扩张前后测左房压力,术后1周内...     

72例老年人经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术临床观察

目的评价老年人经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)治疗风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄的疗效,拓宽PBMV治疗指征。方法对1992年4月至2005年10月采用lnoue单球囊技术治疗的60岁以上的风心病患者进行即刻疗效分析和近远期效果观察。结果患者左房平均压由术前(28.60±8.41)mmHg降至(9.13±6.18)mmHg;二尖瓣平均跨瓣压差由术前的(19.62±6.71)mmHg降至术后的(4.76±4.15)mmHg;瓣口面积由术前(1.04±0.20)cm2增至术后(2.60±0.33)cm2;左房内径由术前(43±8)mm降至术后(35±7)mm;随访3~5年,上述指标无明显变化。术中并发急性肺水肿1例,迷走神经张力增高引起窦性心动过缓1例;中度二尖瓣返流2例;随访期间1例患者出现体循环栓塞。结论PBMV治疗老年患者风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄近远期的效果良好,窦性心律、心功能Ⅱ级、规范化抗凝、抗风湿及术后瓣口面积较大的患者PBMV远期疗效最佳。     

Role of closed mitral commissurotomy for mitral restenosis

Out of 1184 consecutive cases of rheumatic mitral stenosis treated surgically by closed mitral commissurotomy (CMC) at NRS Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta, 20 (1.68%) were mitral valve restenosis. Twelve cases (60%) were females, The median age was 32 years. Duration between the first operation and reappearance of symptoms varied with a mean of 8 years. The previous operations were digital dilatation and instrumental dilatation in 6 and 14 cases respectively. History of thromboembolism was present in 4 cases. On echocardiography, calcification of the mitral valve was present in 2 cases, left atrial clot in 4 cases, associated mild to moderate mitral regurgitation in 6 cases and mild aortic regurgitation in 4 cases. All cases presented with New York Heart Association (NYHA) III and IV symptoms. Critical stenosis (mitral valve orifice less than 0.5 cm2) was present in 12 cases. Re-do CMC was undertaken in all cases with Tubb's dilator. Median operating time was 2.5 hours. Satisfactory split was achieved in 13 cases. One patient died during surgery. Four cases having less than satisfactory split were asymptomatic on follow-up. In one case no split was possible and in another, gross mitral regurgitation was noted postoperatively. These 2 cases had to undergo open heart surgery. It is concluded that re-do CMC is a feasible and suitable alternative in mitral restenosis even in the presence of complications.     

二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣关闭不全的临床研究

目的总结25例二尖瓣关闭不全患者行二尖瓣成形术的手术方法及效果。方法患者均在全麻低温体外循环下施行,采用瓣叶切除修复、瓣裂修复、交界缝合、腱索缩短、双孔二尖瓣成形、人工瓣环植入。手术前、后应用食道内超声心动图判断二尖瓣反流的原因和部位及手术治疗效果,术中采用左室注水加压试验初步判断二尖瓣成形的效果。术后随访主要依靠超声心动图。结果围术期死亡1例,死于恶性心律失常。术后心脏彩超显示,15例(60.00%)无二尖瓣返流,9例(36.00%)为轻微～轻度返流,左房、左室较术前明显缩小,心功能较术前明显改善。结论严格掌握手术适应征,针对不同瓣膜病变,运用合理的瓣膜成形技术,行二尖瓣外科修复疗效确切,术中左室注水试验及经食道超声心动图可为二尖瓣成形提供良好的技术支持。     

“钮扣状”转移保留二尖瓣全装置瓣膜置换的初步探讨

目的 :探讨二尖瓣狭窄病人采用“钮扣状”转移保留全瓣装置二尖瓣置换的方法及对左心功能的影响。方法 :对 5 6例二尖瓣狭窄需行二尖瓣置换的患者 ,分为 :A组 (术中“钮扣状”保留全部二尖瓣瓣下结构 ) ,B组(术中仅保留二尖瓣后瓣及瓣下结构 )和C组 (术中未保留瓣下结构 ) ;于术前 ,术后监测血流动力学指标 ;术前、术后出院前、术后 3～ 6个月行超声心动图检查 ,监测心功能指标。结果 :A组术后心排指数、每搏指数、左室收缩功指数、肺毛细血管楔压、左室舒张末、收缩末内径、左室射血分数、短轴缩短率及左室长轴舒张末内径均优于B ,C组 ,且EF值恢复优于B ,C组。A组主动脉阻断时间较B ,C组延长 ,但总转流时间比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :以二尖瓣狭窄为主的病人行瓣膜置换时可采用“纽扣状”转移保留全部瓣下装置 ;病人术后早期心功能的改善优于部分保留组和不保留组。     

142例二尖瓣关闭不全患者行二尖瓣修复成形术的手术经验

目的　分析、总结 14 2例行二尖瓣修复成形术的二尖瓣关闭不全患者的临床疗效。方法　 1994年 1月～ 2 0 0 3年 12月 ,连续对 14 2例二尖瓣关闭不全患者行修复成形术 ,男 88例 ,女 5 4例 ,平均年龄为 (38.5± 7.8)岁。病因诊断 :二尖瓣腱索断裂 74例 ,二尖瓣黏液变性伴瓣叶脱垂 36例 ,冠心病二尖瓣乳头肌功能不全15例 ,二尖瓣瓣环扩大 11例 ,感染性心内膜炎伴二尖瓣穿孔 4例 ,扩张型心肌病伴二尖瓣关闭不全 2例 ;7例患者合并非风湿性主动脉瓣病变。手术在体外循环、中低温下施行 ,采用瓣叶切除缝合、瓣环成形、穿孔修补、腱索转移、edgetoedge技术及人工腱索成形技术 ,术中以食道超声监测成形效果。 结果　死亡 2例 ,1例术后第 6天死于脑出血 ,另 1例术后第 5天死于多器官功能衰竭。 5例患者术中转为瓣膜置换手术 ;其余患者术毕二尖瓣无返流或轻度返流。在平均为 (34.5± 4 .8)个月的随访中 ,有 2例二尖瓣返流加剧至中度而行二尖瓣置换手术。其余患者二尖瓣返流未见加剧 ,心功能恢复良好。结论　选择适当的患者、运用合理的瓣膜成形技术 ,二尖瓣关闭不全患者行瓣膜成形术可取得满意的疗效。     

“钮扣状”转移保留二尖瓣全装置瓣膜置换的初步探讨

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical technique and the effect of preservation of the entire mitral subvalvular apparatus during mitral valve replacement (MVR) in patients with mitral stenosis. METHODS: MVR was performed on 56 patients with mitral stenosis. Of them, 11 had complete preservation of the entire mitral subvalvular apparatus (group A) with the technique of preservation of 'button-shaped' transplantation, 25 had the preservation of the posterior leaflet only (group B), and the other 20 underwent the conventional MVR (group C). Pre- and postoperative hemodynamic parameters were measured to determine the left ventricular performance. Echocardiography was performed preoperatively, at the time of discharge, and 3 to approximately 6 months postoperatively to determine the dimensions and ejection function. RESULTS: Cardiac index, stroke volume index and left ventricular stroke work index postoperatively in group A were better than those in group B and C (P < 0.05). Echocardiographic measurements postoperatively showed the increase of LVESD, LVEDD in group B and C, but a better LVL and LVFS in group A (P < 0.05), and LVEF was more pronounced in group A (P < 0.05). There appeared a long cross-clamp time in group A, but the total CPB time was not significant among the three groups. CONCLUSION: The surgical skills of preservation with 'button-shaped' transplantation may be a practical choice for patients with mitral stenosis. The preservation of entire mitral subvalvular apparatus improves the left ventricular functions after MVR in patients with mitral valve stenosis.     

A comparative study of balloon mitral valvuloplasty and closed mitral commissurotomy in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis

Rheumatic mitral stenosis is frequently encountered in our country. It affects younger population and is a major cause of morbidity Mitral valvotomy is the definitive therapy for this disease and can be achieved by closed mitral commissurotomy (CMC), open mitral commissurotomy (OMC) or by percutaneous transluminal mitral valvuloplasty (PTMV). Compared to CMC, PTMV is less invasive but more expensive at this moment. With the reduction of cost, PTMV may become the procedure of choice for the treatment of rheumatic mitral stenosis in future.     

Non-surgical mitral valvotomy

Percutaneous transseptal mitral valvotomy was performed on 14 occasions in 13 patients; in one patient, the procedure was unsuccessful at the first attempt, but was repeated successfully. All other attempts were successful, giving a procedure success rate of 93% and a patient success rate of 100%. The only complication was transient diplopia in one patient, presumably due to a small cerebral embolus. This early experience confirms that this procedure is easily learnt, and can be performed with good results and low risk in selected patients with mitral stenosis.