逆行胫前动脉岛状皮瓣修复足部皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨应用带蒂逆行胫前动脉皮支岛状皮瓣修复足部皮肤软组织缺损的疗效。方法2000年7月～2005年4月,收治10例各种原因致足部皮肤软组织缺损,均存在不同程度的骨、关节与肌腱外露,软组织缺损范围6cm×4cm～16cm×10cm。急诊修复7例;择期手术3例,其中1例足部黑色素瘤7年伴皮肤破溃5个月,行手术扩大切除。应用带蒂的胫前动脉皮支岛状皮瓣逆行移位修复,皮瓣切取范围8cm×5cm～17cm×12cm。结果术后皮瓣均成活,创口期愈合。随访1～21个月,皮瓣外观好,不臃肿,无感染、破溃。足部外形满意,行走正常,皮肤两点辨别觉1.0～2.5cm。结论胫前动脉皮支皮瓣血管解剖恒定,易于解剖,皮瓣可切取面积大,手术方法简便,成功率高,适用于足部皮肤软组织缺损的修复。     

以踝部吻合支供血的胫前动脉逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨为足背部皮肤及软组织缺损进行修复提供一种新型血供来源的皮瓣。方法根据下肢胫前动脉及足背动脉的行径、分支、分布及其与胫后动脉、腓动脉分支的吻合情况,设计以踝部吻合支供血的胫前动脉逆行岛状皮瓣,临床应用修复足背皮肤及软组织缺损11例,皮瓣面积最大13cm×9cm,最小8cm×6cm。结果胫前动脉及足背动脉在踝部的4个分支（外踝前动脉、内踝前动脉、跗外侧动脉、跗内侧动脉）经与腓动脉及胫后动脉的分支吻合,可以满足胫前动脉逆行岛状皮瓣的供血需要。临床应用中,10例皮瓣全部存活,1例皮瓣有远侧小部分坏死,经换药及游离植皮后创面愈合。结论以踝部吻合支供血的胫前动脉逆行岛状皮瓣转移可用于修复足背部的皮肤及软组织缺损。     

胫后动脉皮支为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损

目的　探讨以胫后动脉皮支为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损的临床应用效果和有关问题。方法　应用胫后动脉皮支为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损。缺损面积为 3cm× 4cm～ 8cm× 12cm。设计的皮瓣面积为 4cm× 8cm～ 10cm× 13cm。结果　 6例患者皮瓣全部成活 ,创面Ⅰ期愈合 ,1例患者皮瓣远端小部分坏死 ,经换药处理后 ,创面Ⅱ期愈合 ,术后随访患者 6～ 2 4个月 ,均取得满意效果。结论　胫后动脉皮支为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣血供充分 ,蒂长 ,皮瓣切取面积大 ,是修复足部软组织缺损的理想皮瓣     

腓肠浅动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复胫前软组织缺损

小腿中下段胫前软组织严重的挫灭伤,致软组织缺损、骨外露、贴骨瘢痕,或骨折术后钢板外露很常见,修复方法虽多但处理比较困难[1]。作者采用腓肠浅动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复胫前软组织缺损12例,取得满意效果。临床资料本组男8例,女4例。年龄14～48岁。病因:车祸9例,机械绞伤3例。12例均系外伤后胫、腓骨下1/3段骨折合并胫前软组织挫灭缺损、骨外露。其中7例钢板固定后组织坏死、骨与钢板外露,3例胫前动脉挫灭且有肌腱外露,2例为贴骨瘢痕并溃疡。皮肤缺损范围:5cm×5cm～8cm×7cm。应用腓肠浅动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复,面积为6cm×5cm～9cm×7cm,蒂宽2…     

膝最上动脉与胫前返动脉吻合弓蒂膝内侧逆行岛状皮瓣的…

通过２５例５０侧新鲜成人尸体下肢的解剖研究，观测膝最上动脉的源始，长度，口长和供血范围及其与胫前返动脉的联系。结果表明：膝最上动脉主要源始于股动脉，在缝匠肌与股内侧肌之间下行，发出细小分支营养小腿上１／３区及膝内侧皮肤，在胫骨内侧髁水平与胫前返动脉形成吻合弓。以此为蒂设计逆行状皮瓣膝内侧为最佳形成部位，适用于小腿中上１／３区及膝周围的修复。     

逆行胫后动脉岛状皮瓣修复足部电烧伤的护理

胫后动脉岛状皮瓣又称小腿内侧皮瓣，是以胫后动脉的内侧皮动脉及其伴行静脉为血管蒂的皮瓣。足部电深度烧伤不能通过单纯植皮修复创面，近年来我们应用胫后动脉岛状皮瓣修复足部电深度烧伤16例，通过临床观察认为，在功能恢复和外观上均取得了满意效果，现将护理体会介绍如下：     

胫后动脉穿支供血的隐神经营养血管逆行皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨胫后动脉穿支供血的隐神经营养血管逆行皮瓣的设计与临床应用.方法 以胫后动脉发出的穿支为血管蒂,沿隐神经营养血管轴线设计、切取皮瓣,逆行转位、覆盖创面.结果 自2005年12月至2011年12月,应用带胫后动脉穿支供血的隐神经营养血管逆行皮瓣修复踝、足跟、足背创面24例,21例皮瓣完全成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合,3例皮瓣远端约2cm坏死,经换药及手术植皮创面愈合.随访6～18个月,皮瓣外形及功能良好.结论 带胫后动脉穿支供血的隐神经营养血管逆行皮瓣不损害主干动脉、供区破坏小、操作简单、易成活、受区覆盖好,是修复踝、足跟、足背组织缺损的理想方法.     

带蒂胫前动脉皮瓣修复小腿及足部软组织损伤

带蒂胫前动脉皮瓣修复小腿及足部软组织损伤金辽沙，王坤正，陈君长，杨哲，王春生我院从１９９０年５月以来采取以胫前动脉为蒂的足背或小腿前外侧皮瓣翻转移位修复小腿及足部大面积皮肤及软组织缺损１６例，取得良好效果，现报道如下：临床资料本组男１２例，女４例，年...     

胫前动脉皮瓣逆行转移修复前足皮肤缺损

目的 探讨胫前动脉皮瓣逆行转移修复前足皮肤缺损的可行性。方法 以胫前动脉皮支穿出点为中心的逆行皮瓣修复前足皮肤缺损,胫前供区直接缝合或用腹股沟全厚皮打包植皮。结果 7例胫前动脉皮瓣及植皮全部成活。6例随访2～24个月,平均16个月,皮瓣无明显臃肿,色泽良好,外形满意。结论 胫前动脉皮瓣逆行转移修复前足缺损可行,取材方便、操作安全。     

跨供区胫后动脉穿支蒂皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨应用跨供区胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复小腿和足踝部皮肤缺损的临床疗效.方法 先后切取以胫后动脉穿支为蒂的跨供区皮瓣局部转移修复小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损31例.结果 31例均获随访3～12个月,29例皮瓣一期愈合,2例皮瓣远端部分皮肤坏死及裂开,经换药后愈合.结论 跨供区胫后动脉穿支蒂皮瓣具有血运可靠、切取灵活方便等优点,是一种修复小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的较好方式.     

胫前动脉踝上支骨皮瓣移位术的解剖及临床应用

作者在40例成人下肢标本上,解剖观测了胫前动脉发往胫骨下段外侧的骨膜支及皮支的走行,分支分布特点。在解剖学研究基础上,采用踝上支顺行、逆行骨皮瓣,转位修复胫骨中、下段骨皮缺损和内、外踝骨皮缺损7例。经10～18个月的随访,骨折及皮肤愈合良好,10～16个月恢复工作。以踝上支为蒂的骨皮瓣,手术操作简单,取骨膜及皮肤面积较大,是修复小腿中远段及踝足部骨皮缺损新的术式与供区。     

Lateral Calcaneal Artery Adipofascial Flap for Reconstruction of the Posterior Heel of the Foot

Background

Soft tissue defects of the posterior heel of the foot present difficult reconstructive problems. This paper reports the authors'' early experience of five patients treated with a lateral calcaneal artery adipofascial flap.

Methods

Between 2003 and 2007, five patients (3 males and 2 females) with soft-tissue defects over the posterior heel underwent a reconstruction using a lateral calcaneal artery adipofascial flap and a full-thickness skin graft. The flap sizes ranged from 3.5 × 2.5 cm to 5.5 × 4.0 cm.

Results

All five flaps survived completely with no subsequent breakdown of the grafted skin, even after regularly wearing normal shoes. The adipofascial flap donor sites were closed primarily in all patients.

Conclusions

Lateral calcaneal artery adipofascial flaps should be included in the surgical armamentarium to cover difficult wounds of the posterior heel of the foot. These flaps do not require the sacrifice of a major artery to the leg or foot, they are relatively thin with minimal morbidity at the donor site, and leave a simple linear scar over the lateral aspect of the foot.     

Reverse Sural Artery Flap for the Reconstruction of Chronic Lower Extremity Wounds in High-Risk Patients

Soft tissue defects in patients with chronic comorbidities place these patients at high risk for amputation, even when their underlying problems are controlled. The reverse sural artery flap is an effective technique for closing these defects and saving the limb. We retrospectively reviewed 15 consecutive high-risk patients who underwent a sural artery flap procedure between 2003 and 2005 as a final attempt to prevent having a below-the-knee amputation. All of our patients presented with at least 1 comorbidity, with a majority having multiple. Comorbidities in our patient population consisted primarily of diabetes mellitus with neuropathy, critical limb ischemia, end-stage renal disease, and various cardiomyopathies. All patients presented before surgical intervention with a longstanding history of chronic ulcerations that had failed multiple healing strategies. Ulcerations were located at various regions of the foot and ankle such as the heel, lateral malleolus, medial malleolus, and the lateral midfoot. Of those 15 procedures, three failed completely and two had complete dermal necrosis with viable adipose tissue that healed secondarily. The remaining ten flaps healed primarily. We used negative pressure therapy preoperatively in seven patients and postoperatively in five patients. We obtained a success rate of 80%. The reverse sural artery flap has many advantages over free flaps, which has made it a viable treatment option in chronic ulcerations that have failed conservative attempts.     

A Novel Approach for Reconstruction of Finger Neurocutaneous Defect: A Sensory Reverse Dorsal Digital Artery Flap from the Neighboring Digit

Objective

Providing soft tissue coverage for finger neurocutaneous defects presents aesthetic and sensory challenges. A common source for reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the fingers is the same finger. However, when the donor areas are damaged by concomitant injuries, this option is not available. The present study aims to reconstruct finger neurocutaneous defects using a sensory reverse dorsal digital artery flap from the neighboring digit and to evaluate the efficacy of this technique.

Methods

The study included 16 patients, with an average age of 34.9 years (range, 20–53 years) at the time of surgery, from May 2010 to June 2013. The sensory reverse dorsal digital artery flap was used in all 16 patients, who had a combination of soft tissue and digital nerve defects. The mean size of the soft tissue defects was 3.1 cm × 2.0 cm, and the mean flap size was 3.3 cm × 2.2 cm. The length of the nerve defects ranged from 1.3 to 2.5 cm (mean, 2.0 cm), which were reconstructed with dorsal branches of the proper digital nerve transfer. The active motion of the fingers (injured and donor) and the flap sensibility (static two‐point discrimination) were measured. The appearance and functional recovery of the injured finger and the donor site were assessed using the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire.

Results

All flaps survived completely. No complications were reported, and no further flap debulking procedure was required. At the mean follow‐up period of 24 months (range, 18–30 months), the mean static two‐point discrimination was 6.5 mm (range, 5–10 mm) of the reconstructed area; the mean ranges of motions of the injured finger and the opposite finger at the proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints were 102.2° and 103.5°, and 70.3° and 76.5°, respectively. The average ranges of motions of the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the donor fingers were 90° and 103.4°, respectively. Based on the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, 10 patients were strongly satisfied and 6 were satisfied with the functional recovery of the injured finger; however, 13 patients were strongly satisfied and 3 were satisfied with the appearance of the injured finger.

Conclusion

The sensory reverse dorsal digital artery flap from the neighboring digit, based on the dorsal branch of the digital artery, is an effective and additional option for finger neurocutaneous defect reconstruction when use of the local and regional flaps is not feasible.

     

Anterior Tibial Artery Pseudoaneurysm in a Patient with Hemophilia: A Complication of Ankle Arthroscopy

Arterial pseudoaneurysm formation as a complication of ankle arthroscopy is extremely rare. We present a case of anterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm identified 10 days after ankle arthroscopy in a patient with hemophilia. The diagnosis was confirmed with a duplex ultrasound scan. The patient was referred to the vascular surgeon and underwent evacuation of the hematoma, resection of the damaged segment of the artery, and reconstruction with a reversed long saphenous vein interposition graft. The patient had an uneventful recovery after the second surgery. The prevention of this complication in patients with hemophilia is discussed, as well as diagnosis and management. Preventative measures include careful dissection while making the portals, preoperative mapping of the artery with a duplex or a handheld Doppler in patients with coagulopathy, and performance of open rather than arthroscopic surgery to excise large osteophytes.     

Reverse Peroneal Artery Flap—A Workhorse Flap for Reconstruction of Large,Distal Defects of Ankle and Foot

Background  Reconstruction of large foot and ankle defects is a difficult task due to less available local soft tissue and more critical from functional point of view. To overcome the limitations associated with locoregional flaps and free flaps, reverse peroneal artery (RPA) flap was selected and its usefulness in reconstruction of distal large defects of the ankle and foot and its complications were studied. Materials and Methods  This is a prospective observational study done in 20 patients treated as cohort within 2 years and 8 months from January 2018 to August 2020. Large defects of foot and ankle were reconstructed with RPA flap and evaluated for its usefulness. Three cases were evaluated with computed tomography angiography postoperatively, to assess the vascular pattern. Conclusion  RPA flap is a versatile and very reliable flap for the reconstruction of large and distal defects of foot and ankle. It is safely done in children and in acute trauma without any major complications.