Primary bone tumors and pseudotumors of the lumbosacral spine

Primary tumors of the spine are relatively infrequent lesions compared with metastatic disease, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma which are the more frequent neoplasms of the spine and usually manifest with multifocal lesions and thus pose little diagnostic dilemma. However, in the presence of a solitary spinal lesion, the more uncommon primary tumors of the spine represent an important group of entities for diagnostic consideration. The most common benign and malignant primary tumors of the spine are enostosis, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, giant cell tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst, osteochondroma, chordoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and osteosarcoma. The imaging features of these lesions are often characteristic. Radiologists should be aware of the appearance of these unusual tumors in order to provide a complete differential diagnosis.     

Solitary rib metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

We report a case of a 49-year-old man who developed solitary rib metastasis of nasopharyngeal cancer. Patient had been treated for primary carcinoma with radiation therapy and concomitant chemotherapy. The bone metastasis presented as bulky, solid, painful mass in the posterior arch of 10th rib, within nine months the end of treatment. Biopsy of the solitary lesion presented the same histological characteristics as those of primary lesion. Although there are reported in literature series of nasopharyngeal cancer metastasizing to bone, we did not find previously pubfished report of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasizing only to a rib.     

单椎体116例良恶性骨肿瘤临床及影像学分析

目的:分析单椎体骨肿瘤的临床特征及影像学表现,以提高对单椎体骨肿瘤的认知及疾病诊断水平。 方法:回顾2011年1月至2017年9月本院收治的资料完整的116例单椎体骨肿瘤。总结分析患者的性别、年龄、病理类型及影像学表现。两名放射科诊断医师分别对DR、CT、MRI诊断骨肿瘤的价值进行评价。结果:原发肿瘤93例,转移瘤23例。男62例,女54例,年龄8～75岁,平均（48.6±8.3）岁。良性骨肿瘤23例,占19.83%;中间型骨肿瘤21例,占18.10%;恶性骨肿瘤72例,占62.07%。良性骨肿瘤平均发病年龄32（11～60）岁,常见病种有骨软骨瘤、纤维结构不良;中间型骨肿瘤平均发病年龄36（20～64）岁,常见病种有骨巨细胞瘤、侵袭性血管瘤;恶性骨肿瘤平均发病年龄59（37～76）岁,常见病种有转移瘤、孤立性浆细胞瘤。CT和MRI骨肿瘤的诊断符合率均高于DR(P＜0.05),CT和MRI的诊断符合率差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论:单椎体骨肿瘤恶性多见,以转移瘤、孤立性浆细胞瘤为主。CT和MRI单椎体骨肿瘤诊断价值优于DR。     

Osseous Hodgkin disease

BACKGROUND: Hodgkin disease rarely presents as an osseous lesion, and the majority of patients are found at staging to have concurrent disease in lymph nodes. Many cases of osseous Hodgkin disease have been misdiagnosed on initial biopsy. METHODS: All cases of Hodgkin disease diagnosed by open bone biopsy at the Mayo Clinic were identified. These included patients with primary osseous tumors, those presenting with multiple sites of involvement (with osseous lesions), and those with recurrence in bone. Recut sections were subjected to immunohistochemical stains to confirm the diagnosis. Clinical data and follow-up information were obtained from patients' charts. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients (15 males and 10 females with an average age of 37 years) with osseous Hodgkin disease were identified during the years 1927-1996. Three patients had solitary, osseous tumors and two had primary, multifocal, osseous Hodgkin disease without involvement of nonosseous sites. Twelve patients who presented with lesions in osseous sites also had nonosseous tumors detected at staging, and 8 patients had recurrent Hodgkin disease that presented in bone. The majority of patients with primary and recurrent tumors presented only with bone pain; >50% of patients with concurrent osseous and nonosseous disease also had B-type symptoms. Nearly all lesions were in the axial and proximal appendicular skeleton. Radiographic features included osteosclerotic, osteolytic, and mixed lytic/sclerotic patterns. Cortical destruction, periosteal new bone formation, and soft tissue masses were present in 50% of cases. The histologic diagnosis of osseous Hodgkin disease occasionally was problematic; osteomyelitis was the most frequent misdiagnosis. Immunohistochemical stains revealed expression of CD15 and CD30 in neoplastic cells (which were negative for CD45 and B-cell and T-cell antigens) in all but two cases. Involved lymph nodes typically exhibited nodular sclerosis Hodgkin disease. Three patients with primary solitary osseous Hodgkin disease received radiation treatment only; at last follow-up 2 patients were alive at 22 months and 10 years, respectively. Patients with concurrent osseous and nonosseous tumors exhibited a 60% overall survival rate, but at last follow-up all 4 patients diagnosed after 1986 still were alive; those with Hodgkin disease that recurred as osseous lesions had a 60% survival rate at 8 years, but only 1 of the 5 patients diagnosed since 1984 had died of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Osseous Hodgkin disease typically presents with bone pain, and the majority of patients have concurrent nonosseous lesions detected at staging. Radiographic features of osseous Hodgkin disease vary but indicate an aggressive malignant process. The histologic diagnosis may be problematic; immunohistochemical stains aid in establishing the diagnosis of Hodgkin disease in bone. Survival of patients with osseous Hodgkin disease has been found to be good for the last 10 years.     

14例四肢孤立性骨转移癌1期整块切除保肢重建的疗效

  目的  探讨四肢孤立性骨转移癌1期整块切除保肢重建后疗效,对患者手术前后疼痛减轻、生活质量改善及肢体功能进行评价。  方法  2006年9月至2010年6月上海交通大学附属第六人民医院骨科收治四肢孤立性骨转移癌为首发临床表现病例14例,同期发现原发病灶。术前及术后1个月进行疼痛评分。疼痛评分采用数字0~10评分法。术前及术后3个月给予生活质量评分,采用SF-36评分系统。术后3个月参照MSTS评分系统进行肢体功能评分。  结果  患者术前疼痛评分为（8.14±1.29）分,术后1个月疼痛评分为（1.50±0.65）分,术后疼痛症状明显改善（t=21.600,P < 0.001）。术前生活质量平均为34.93±11.75,术后3个月生活质量平均为（65.00±10.81）分,术后患者生活质量明显改善（t=-15.479,P < 0.001）。术后MSTS评分范围18~27分,平均（22.43±2.38）分。广泛切除和边缘切除的无瘤生存期经Log rank检验分析,二者之间差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.931,P=0.087）。  结论  四肢孤立性骨转移癌为首发表现患者,1期切除原发病灶,同时按原发骨肿瘤原则行瘤段广泛或边缘整块切除保肢治疗,术后可以明显减轻患者疼痛,提高患者生活质量,改善肢体功能。      

Differential Diagnoses of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules in Patients with an Extrathoracic Malignant Tumor:CT and Parthologic Correlations

OBJECTIVE To determine the possibility of definitive diagnosis for solitary pulmonary nodules in patients with a primary extrathoracic malignant neoplasm (ETM-SPN), and to further evaluate the value of CT for differential diagnosis in ETM-SPN by a multivariate retrospective study.METHODS Eighty-three patients with pathologically and clinically proven ETM-SPN with a diameter smaller than 3 cm were included in this study.The pathological characteristics of the SPN were correlated with those of the extrathoracic neoplasm, with the patient's age, gender, smoking history, disease-free time interval between the diagnosis of the extrathoracic malignancy and that of the lung lesion. In all 83 cases, CT scans were reviewed to confirm the solitary nature, size, and nodular morphology of the lung lesion.RESULTS Of all 83 cases, the mean age was (57.43±15.34) years. There were 51 males and 32 females, with the ratio of 1.59:1. The lesions included solitary metastasis in 43 cases, pulmonary malignant lesions in 33, and benign lesions in seven. Between the primary lung cancers and solitary metastasis groups, there was no significant difference in the gender ratio (1.20:1 vs 2.31:1, x2=0.0209, P>0.05), but there was a significant difference between the mean age (62.48±11.96 years vs 54.10±16.49 years, t=3.34, P<0.05). in the primary lung cancer and metastasis patient group, the percentage of patients who had a smoking history were 39.3 %(11/17) and 35.9 %(14/39), respectively. Patients with a primary lung cancer had no significant higher frequency of smoking history than did those with a metastatic lesion (x2=0.640, P>0.05). Of 81cases who were followed-up, the mean time of the disease-free interval between extrapulmonary malignancy diagnosis and pulmonary lesion differentiation was 39.73± 6.29 months (range 0～300 months, median 20.00 months), whereas those in the primary lung cancer group and metastatic group were 65.62 ±13.45 months and 22.83 ±4.19 months respectively. This difference was significant between the two groups (Wilcoxon rank sum test, U=2.796, P<0.01). Of all 83 cases, there were ten extrapulmonary squamous carcinomas and 58 adenocarcinomas with ratio of primary lung cancer and solitary metastasis of the tumors were 7:3 and 24:34, respectively (x2 =1.781, P >0.05), without showing a statistically significant relevance between the pathologic patterns of extrapulmonary malignancy and characteristics of the lung nodules. Of all the 83 cases, the mean diameters were (2.77±1.25) cm, whereas the diameters of 33 cases of primary lung cancer and 43 cases of a solitary metastatic lesion were (2.86±1.18) cm and (2.62±1.31)cm, respectively. There was no association between the two groups (t=1.29, P>0.05). There was a statistically significant association between primary lung cancer and the metastatic group with spiculate and smooth edges of the lung lesion (x2=8.562, P<0.01; x2=15.220, P<0.001).The study showed that a lung nodule with a spiculatedmargin correlated with a primary lung carcinoma,whereas those nodules with a smooth edge may more frequently show as a metastastic pulmonary lesion. CT-pathologic correlative analyses of hilar and mediastinal adenopathy were reviewed in 37 patients who underwent Iobectomy and thoracotomy. There was no statistical significant difference between the primary lung cancer group and the metastatic group (x2=2.801,P>0.05).CONCLUSION The likelihood of a primary lung cancer versus a metastasis of ETM-SPN smaller than 3 cm mainly depends on the patient's age, free interval between the two tumors and CT morphological characteristics of the lung lesion. This study showed there was no significant relevancy to factors such as gender, smoking history, pathological patterns of the extrapulmonary neoplasm or whether there has hilar or mediastinal adenopathy.     

Late brain metastases from colorectal cancer a case report and review of the literature

Metastatic brain tumors from colorectal cancer are relatively rare. In previous reports the incidence ranged from 1.9 to 3.5 percent of all metastatic brain tumors. In another recent article the cumulative incidence of brain metastasis was estimated at 1.2%. The prognosis for patients with even a single resectable brain metastasis is poor. This paper presents the case report of a 72-year-old woman with a solitary brain metastasis 16 years after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer. She remained asymptomatic for 16 years. The first sign of a secondary tumor was diplopia. Brain scan demonstrated a space-occupying lesion in the occipital area. A solitary tumor was removed by craniotomy. Histological examination showed that it was a metastasis from the intestinal primary tumor. The patient subsequently underwent whole brain radiotherapy for a total dose of 30 Gy in 10 fractions.     

Treatment of solitary plasmacytoma of the femur. A case report.

In radical tumour surgery the inevitable bone loss is considerable. If in addition the local tissues at the tumour site have been damaged by radiation therapy, massive endoprosthesis or even amputation should be considered. In cases with large bone loss, a vascularized fibular graft is one possibility to bridge the resected region. A case of a young man with a solitary plasmacytoma of the upper femoral diaphysis is presented. The lesion was reoperated 3 years after the primary diagnosis with resection of the non-ossified tumour site and reconstruction with a vascularized fibular graft.     

淋巴瘤单发骨病变的18F－FDGPET／CT影像学分析

目的：研究原发性骨淋巴瘤与单发继发性淋巴瘤骨髓浸润的18 F －FDG PET／CT 影像学表现,探讨18 F－FDG PET／CT 对原发性骨淋巴瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的25例单发骨淋巴瘤的18 F －FDG PET／CT 影像学资料。结果：25例骨淋巴瘤均为单发,其中14例位于脊柱骨,10例位于附肢骨,1例位于肋骨。15例为原发性骨淋巴瘤,10例为继发性淋巴瘤骨髓浸润。原发性骨淋巴瘤15例中非霍奇金淋巴瘤11例,霍奇金淋巴瘤4例;继发性淋巴瘤骨髓浸润10例中非霍奇金淋巴瘤7例,霍奇金淋巴瘤3例。25例骨淋巴瘤中23例 CT 表现为骨质密度异常改变,2例病变骨质密度未见明显异常改变。病变 FDG摄取不同程度增高,SUVmax范围为2．6～24．5。原发性骨淋巴瘤及继发性淋巴瘤骨髓浸润病变 SUVmax经 Mann－Whitney U 检验提示原发性骨淋巴瘤与继发性淋巴瘤骨髓浸润病变 SUVmax有差异（P ＝0．007）。结论：原发性骨淋巴瘤18 F －FDG PET／CT 影像学表现有一定的特征性,分析其表现对原发性和继发性骨淋巴瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断有一定的临床价值。     

HER-2/neu genotype of breast cancer may change in bone metastasis

The genotype of breast cancer (BRC) is considered to be relatively stable during tumor progression, accordingly, determination of the estrogen receptor and HER-2/neu status is currently based on the primary tumor. However, recent data suggest that the gene expression profile of the metastatic lesion can be different compared to that of the primary BRC. Accordingly, it is possible that the HER-2/neu status is different in the metastatic lesion and the primary BRC. Since the bone is the most frequent metastatic site during the progression of BRC, we have analyzed the HER-2/neu status of 48 bone metastatic BRC cases by immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization, and it was possible to compare it to the primary site in 23 cases. The frequency of HER-2/neu amplification of BRC in the primary tumors was found to be 17.4% compared to 10.5% in bone metastases. Half of BRC cases with HER-2/neu amplification lost this genotype in bone metastases (4/23 versus 2/23, respectively) and even in the 2 cases where HER-2/neu amplification was retained in the metastases, the copy number was found to be decreased compared to the primary tumor. Based on our data and previous reports in the literature, we suggest to perform HER-2/neu testing both on primary tumor and samples obtained from BRC metastases, at least in case of primary tumors with HER-2/neu amplification, before introduction of HER-2/neu-targeting therapy. (Pathology Oncology Research Vol 12, No 3, 149–152)     

Primary isolated extramedullary plasmacytoma of mesentry: A rare case report

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is an uncommon entity that most commonly involves nasopharynx and upper repository tract. Involvement of GIT occurs in approximate 10% of cases. According to WHO plasma cell tumors have been classified into two main groups: Multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma. Plasmacytoma includes solitary plasmacytoma of bone and solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. EMP can be either primary without evidence of bone marrow involvement or may occur simultaneously with multiple myeloma representing extramedullary spread of the disease. It may occur in association with multiple myeloma and it may precede, accompany or follow the onset of multiple myeloma. Diagnosis of primary EMP requires the exclusion of associated multiple myeloma as shown by negative Bence Jones Proteins in urine, normal serum electrophoresis, normal bone marrow biopsy, normal skeletal survey and normal calcium levels. Here we present a case of 55-year male who came to Nephrology Department for urinary tract infection and pain abdomen. Patient was referred to Radiology for ultrasonography which revealed bilateral renal parenchymal disease with a well-defined mass in the mesentry which was further confirmed on computed tomography. Patient was surgically operated and diagnosis of primary EMP of mesentry was made on histopathological examination. Only three cases have been reported so far in the literature. Keywords: Extramedullary plasmacytoma, mesentry, plasma cell dyscrasias.     

Comparison between solitary and multiple skeletal metastatic lesions of breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has been the subject of many recent studies because it is a significant cause of death in women. This study was performed to clarify whether solitary skeletal metastasis has clinical significance compared with multiple skeletal metastasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seven hundred and three patients who developed metastatic bone lesions up to September 2002 after beginning treatment for breast cancer from 1988 to 1998 were included. The lesions were classified first as solitary or multiple based on bone scan results and then according to anatomical distribution. Next, solitary-to-multiple conversion was investigated in patients with solitary skeletal metastasis. Then factors related to solitary or multiple skeletal metastasis were analyzed. The prognosis of skeletal metastasis was compared between patients with solitary or multiple metastatic bone lesions. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to test whether solitary skeletal metastasis compared with multiple skeletal metastasis was an independent factor of survival. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-nine patients (41%) had solitary skeletal metastasis and 414 patients (59%) showed multiple skeletal metastasis. The sternum was a frequent site for solitary skeletal metastasis (98 of 289, 34%), while other skeletal sites were more frequent in patients with multiple metastatic bone lesions (P <0.001). Solitary sternal metastatic lesions remained solitary longer than solitary metastatic bone lesions to places other than the sternum (P <0.001), but did not lengthen patient survival times (P = 0.871). The factors related to solitary skeletal metastasis are TNM stage (tumor-node-metastasis) and histology. The patients with earlier stage and favorable histology tend to have solitary skeletal metastasis. The patients with solitary skeletal metastasis lived longer than those with multiple metastatic bone lesions (P <0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that a solitary metastatic bone lesion (P = 0.002) is an independent favorable prognostic factor in patients with skeletal metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Solitary skeletal metastasis has a different anatomical distribution and is an independent prognostic factor in patients with skeletal metastasis.     

Breast Cancer With Brain Metastases: Clinicopathologic Features,Survival, and Paired Biomarker Analysis

Background.

The aim of this study was to describe clinicopathologic features of patients with breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM); to evaluate survival after diagnosis of BCBM; and to compare estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 expression in the paired primary and brain tumors.

Materials and Methods.

We identified 140 consecutive patients who underwent craniotomy for BCBM (either for diagnostic purpose or with therapeutic intent) at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2002 and 2009.

Results.

Most patients had invasive ductal histology (91%), grade 3 tumors (67%), and positive axillary lymph node (64%). Of the tumors, 56% were ER-negative, 62% were PR-negative, 44% were HER2-positive, and 28% were triple negative (TN). Brain metastasis (BM) was solitary in 51% of patients. Median interval from breast cancer diagnosis to BM was 46 months; median survival after BM was 14.1 months. In the univariate analysis, younger age, solitary brain metastasis, and ER or PR positivity in the breast tumors were associated with longer survival. There was a statistical trend toward increased survival in HER2-positive patients compared with HER2-negative patients (18 vs. 11 months). In the multivariate analysis, predictors for longer survival included younger age, solitary brain lesion, and HER2 positivity in the breast cancer. Biomarkers were evaluated in paired primary and brain tumors in 35 patients for ER status, 34 for PR status, and 36 for HER2 status. Discordant rates were 28% for ER, 20% for PR, and 3% for HER2.

Conclusion.

Compared with unselected breast cancer patients at the same institution, patients with breast cancer who had brain metastases had a higher proportion of hormone receptor-negative, HER2-positive, and TN tumors. Younger age, solitary brain lesion, and HER2 expression were independent predictors of better survival in patients with BCBM. HER2 status was highly concordant between the paired primary and brain tumors, whereas changes of ER and PR status occurred in a substantial proportion of the patients. These findings are important for making effective treatment decisions for patients with BCBM.     

Solitary plasmacytoma of bone and soft tissue

Between 1962 and 1978, 15 patients presenting with a solitary plasmacytoma were treated with curative intent by radiotherapy alone at the University of Florida. Criteria for admission to this study were: 1) a biopsy-proven, apparently solitary focus of plasmacytoma; 2) bone marrow biopsy showing less than 10% plasma cells; and 3) no evidence of disseminated disease. In 9 patients the primary site was osseous and in 6 patients extramedullary; 5 of the 6 extramedullary lesions were located in the upper respiratory passages. Two of the 6 extramedullary plasmacytomas progressed to multiple myeloma at 2 and 7 months. The remaining 4 patients have been disease free for periods ranging from $\text{2}\text{2}\text{3}$ years to over 16 years. Of the 9 patients with osseous lesions, 3 developed multiple myeloma in 3–23 months and one developed a solitary second bone lesion at 9 years. One patient with a large sacral lesion developed a local recurrence following an initial radiation dose of 3000 rad. The recurrence was re-treated with radiation, and local control was obtained. No other local failures occurred. This study presents a detailed analysis of the time-dose relationship required for local control, based on a study of our own patients and a review of the literature.     

Treatment and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients with bone metastasis.

We have reviewed the cases of every patient presenting with bone metastasis after colorectal surgery and tried to establish the features of this clinical entity and generate basic strategies to the therapeutic management of this condition. Of 928 primary tumor resected colorectal cancer patients, 12 (1.3%) were identified with bone metastasis and included in this study. The majority of primary tumors were located at the rectosigmoid portion of the colon. All cases were highly advanced at the time of diagnosis, including 8 cases of stage IV by TNM classification. Sites of metastatic tumors were concentrated in lumber or pelvic bones. At the onset of bone metastasis, 9 of the 12 cases had other metastatic sites, i.e., only 3 patients had bone metastasis alone. Survival after onset of bone metastasis was very poor, with a median survival of approximately 5 months and a 20% survival rate at 1 year. With regard to cause of death, seven patients died of pulmonary failure, one of liver failure, and one of DIC. Only 2 cases of solitary osseous metastasis have survived more than 1 year. In order to significantly improve prognosis, the early detection of bone metastases is important.     

Isolated gastric metastasis from renal cell carcinoma 19 years after radical nephrectomy

Metastatic tumors in the stomach are rare. We report a case of solitary gastric metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 19 years after radical excision of the primary tumor. During evaluation for anemia with melena, a small elevated tumor with ulceration was detected in the gastric fundus of this patient. The tumor was diagnosed as RCC based on endoscopic biopsy findings. There was no evidence of any other metastatic lesion, and a wedge resection of the stomach was performed. No additional metastasis or recurrence has been detected in the patient 12 months after discharge. This case confirms the existence of a very slow growing type of RCC with the potential for late solitary metastases and describes the surgical resectability.     

Tomodensitometric aspects of brain lymphomas: apropos of 19 cases. Brain lymphoma

The authors present the results of CT studies for 19 patients with cerebral lymphoma (including 12 primary tumors). CT appearances varied considerably, because 5 of the 12 primary lymphomas presented as multifocal lesions, and lesion sites included the corpus callosum (3 cases), the central caudate nucleus (4 cases), the posterior fossa (3 cases), and the cerebral hemispheres (6 cases). These findings are in agreement with literature data. Although a solitary, hyperdense and homogeneous lesion in the corpus callosum or the central caudate nucleus is indicative of cerebral lymphoma, numerous other aspects are possible and owing to the increasing frequency of this pathology should suggest this diagnosis. There is no specific appearance for secondary lymphomas, but diagnosis is often facilitated by concomitant systemic involvement.     

Solitary plasmacytoma of the skull: a case report

Solitary plasmacytoma of the skull is very rare and only 35 cases have been reported in the English literature. It remains controversial whether solitary plasmacytoma of the skull is essentially identical with solitary plasmacytoma of bone or not. Solitary plasmacytoma of bone including solitary plasmacytoma of the skull is characterized by a radiologically solitary bone lesion, neoplastic plasma cells in the biopsy specimen, fewer than 5% plasma cells in bone marrow, less than 2.0 g/dl monoclonal protein in the serum when present and negative urine test for Bence Jones protein (monoclonal light chain). Solitary plasmacytoma of bone tends to disseminate or progress to multiple myeloma even as long as 7-23 years after presentation. We report the first case of solitary plasmacytoma of the skull in which both beta2-microglobulin for detection of early renal disturbance and neoplastic plasma cell labeling index for detection of DNA synthesis were examined in order to predict the clinical course of solitary plasmacytoma of the skull.      

经手术或穿刺活检后骨盆恶性骨肿瘤患者病理分析及病灶特点分析

目的 分析经手术或穿刺活检后病理确诊为骨盆恶性骨肿瘤患者的病理类型以及病灶特点.方法 收集136例经病理确诊为骨盆恶性骨肿瘤患者的临床资料.根据WHO 2013版骨肿瘤分型标准以及骨盆分区对136例患者的病灶特点以及病理类型进行分类分析总结.结果 本组患者浆细胞瘤发病率最高(30.1%),其次为非霍奇金淋巴瘤(21.3%)、软骨肉瘤(16.2%)、骨肉瘤(9.6%);骨肉瘤好发于青少年以及儿童,平均年龄为(24.6±14.9)岁,好发年龄段位为2~28岁,男性发病率高于女性(男女发病比例为2.25:1);尤文肉瘤也是青少年好发的骨盆恶性骨肿瘤之一,年龄为2~39岁,相比骨肉瘤年龄跨度更大.136例患者中41例患者单区发病,Ⅲ区发病例数最多为20例,发病率最高(48.8%),其次为Ⅰ区、Ⅳ区、Ⅱ区,单区发病中软骨肉瘤病例数为16例,发病率最高(39.0%);53例患者为多区发病,Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅳ区发病例数17例,发病率最高(32.1%),其次为Ⅰ+Ⅳ、Ⅰ+Ⅱ、Ⅱ+Ⅲ、Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ+Ⅳ区,非霍奇金淋巴瘤发病例数为15例,发病率最高(28.3%).结论 根据经手术或穿刺病理活检分析得出骨盆恶性骨肿瘤中浆细胞瘤发病率最高,其次为非霍奇金淋巴瘤、软骨肉瘤、骨肉瘤;各个年龄段都有发病,总体男性发病率高于女性,其中骨肉瘤以及尤文肉瘤好发于青少年;骨盆恶性骨肿瘤患者单发病灶中以Ⅲ区相对好发,且软骨肉瘤在单区病灶中发病率最高;多区病灶中Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅳ区相对好发,非霍奇金淋巴瘤发病率最高.     

Resection and Permanent I-125 Brachytherapy Without Whole Brain Irradiation for Solitary Brain Metastasis from Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

We assessed a treatment plan of local therapy (resection and placement of permanent low dose-rate I-125 seeds) without whole brain irradiation in 15 patients with solitary brain metastasis (SBM) from primary non-small cell lung cancer between January, 1991 and May, 1996. Thirteen lesions were confirmed as solitary by MRI scan, and 2 patients had CT scan only.With median follow up of 14 months, 3 patients remain alive at 6, 33, and 62 months post-resection. Median survival is 14 months for all patients and 26 months for patients with SBM as the only site of disease. Five tumors failed in the brain: 2 solitary recurrences adjacent to the site of SBM, 2 multiple metastases outside the primary site, and 1 multiple recurrence including the primary site. No failures were seen with SBM <2.5 cm. Only 2 of 13 patients with SBM confirmed with MRI experienced relapses elsewhere in the brain. Recurrence rates both adjacent and outside the area of the initial brain lesion are similar to studies employing resection plus whole brain irradiation (WBI), and the patient is spared the acute and potential late toxicity of WBI. This approach may be considered for selected patients with solitary brain metastases (SBMs), although further experience with larger patient numbers is needed.