后凸成形骨水泥强化技术对骶骨钉固定强度的生物力学影响

目的评价后凸成形骨水泥(Polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)强化技术对骨质疏松情况下骶骨钉固定强度的生物力学影响,为骶骨钉松动选择坚强的补救技术提供依据。方法11具新鲜骶骨标本用于实验,并采用DEXA评价标本骨密度。在同一骶骨标本上,依次建立非PMMA强化和PMMA强化骶骨钉的固定模型如下,A组:单皮质椎弓根钉;B组:双皮质椎弓根钉;C组:传统PMMA强化单皮质椎弓根钉;D组:后凸成形PMMA强化椎弓根钉;E组:后凸成形PMMA强化侧翼钉。在MTS试验机上对五种骶骨钉依次进行轴向拔出测试,记录最大拔出力并比较。结果11具标本的平均骨密度为0.71±0.08g/cm2。A组的螺钉拔出力(508N)显著低于其他4种固定组(P0.05)。B组的螺钉拔出力(685N)与E组(702N)无显著差异(P0.05),但是,两者的拔出力均显著低于C和D组(P0.05)。重要的是,D组(986N)的拔出力显著高于C组(846N)。结论在骨质疏松患者的骶骨固定中,双皮质骶骨椎弓根钉较单皮质具有显著的力学优势。骶骨椎弓根钉一旦发生松动,传统的和后凸成形PMMA强化技术均可成为补救手段,并且后凸成形PMMA强化骶骨椎弓根钉可获得最坚强的锚定。     

骨质疏松程度对骶骨椎弓根螺钉固定的生物力学影响

目的:评价骨质疏松程度对骶骨椎弓根螺钉固定强度的影响.方法:25具骨质疏松成人新鲜尸体骶骨标本,按尸体腰椎骨密度(BMD)值分为A组(n=9,BMD 0.70～0.79g/cm2)、B组(n=8,BMD 0.60～0.69异/cm2)和C组(n=8,BMD＜0.60g,cm2).在同一标本的S1左侧置入双皮质椎弓根螺钉,右侧置入单皮质椎弓根螺钉时用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥强化.4h后使用MTS实验机对螺钉尾部进行30～250N的头尾方向循环加载2000次后,测定椎弓根螺钉的下沉位移和轴向拔出力.2000次载荷中螺钉下沉超过2mm定义为锚定失败.结果:A组和B组螺钉均未出现锚定失败;C组双皮质椎弓根螺钉锚定失败6例(75%),PMMA强化单皮质椎弓根螺钉锚定失败5例(63%).A组双皮质螺钉固定的下沉位移和轴向最大拔出力与PMMA强化螺钉固定比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05);B组.PMMA强化螺钉固定的下沉位移显著低于双皮质螺钉固定,轴向最大拔出力显著高于双皮质固定(P＜0.05).A组双皮质螺钉固定和PMMA强化螺钉固定的下沉位移均显著低于B组(P＜0.05),A组双皮质螺钉同定的轴向最大拔出力显著高于B组(P＜0.05).A组PMMA强化螺钉固定的轴向最大拔出力与B组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).C组内同定失败病例中,PMMA强化螺钉固定的承载次数显著高于双皮质螺钉固定(P＜0.05).结论:BMD≥0.70g/cm2时双皮质骶骨椎弓根螺钉同定和PMMA强化单皮质骶骨椎弓根螺钉固定可获得同等的锚定强度,BMD值为0.60～0.69g/cm2时PMMA强化单皮质骶骨椎弓根螺钉同定的锚定强度显著高于双皮质螺钉固定,BMD值＜0.60g/cm2时两种锚定方式均容易导致早期松动.术前行腰椎BMD检查可指导选择骶骨螺钉同定方式.     

四种骶骨钉固定技术的生物力学比较

目的通过骨质疏松骶骨标本对4种骶骨椎弓根钉（双皮质、三皮质、标准骨水泥强化和终板下骨水泥强化）载荷后的下沉位移进行比较。方法取自11具新鲜骨质疏松尸体的骶骨标本用于实验。采用DEXA测定骨密度后在同一骶骨的左右侧随机置入直径7mm的双皮质和三皮质骶骨椎弓根钉。使用MTS试验机对螺钉进行30～250N压力加载2000次后取出螺钉。钉道内注入骨水泥（polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA）,将比双皮质或三皮质固定短5mm的螺钉再次置人（分别定义为标准和终板下PMMA强化）,并重复上述加载。记录加载后螺钉的下沉位移,进行比较。结果11具标本的骨密度为0．55～0．78g／cm^2,平均0．7lg／cm^2。三皮质和标准PMMA强化椎弓根钉间的下沉位移差异无统计学意义,此2种固定技术的下沉位移显著低于双皮质固定。终板下PMMA强化椎弓根钉的下沉位移显著低于其他固定技术。结论在骨质疏松状态下PMMA强化可显著提高骶骨钉一骨界面的结合强度。在上述4种骶骨固定技术中终板下PMMA强化椎弓根钉可获得最坚强的锚定。     

髂骨螺钉松动四种翻修技术的生物力学比较

目的:比较松质骨填塞钉道、增加螺钉长度、传统聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)强化钉道和外板开窗PMMA强化钉道四种方法翻修松动髂骨螺钉后的固定强度,探讨髂骨螺钉松动的理想补救手段。方法:8具成人防腐尸体骨盆标本,经双能X光吸收法测定骨密度后,将直径7.5mm髂骨短钉(长度为70mm)分别置入左右髂骨(A组),通过MTS材料实验机向螺钉尾部施加100～300N垂直循环载荷2000次后,测试髂骨螺钉的轴向拔出力。用松质骨紧密填塞两侧钉道后,在左侧钉道内置入短钉(B组),右侧钉道置入长度为100mm的髂骨长钉(C组),重复上述测试。将左侧钉道内注满PMMA后,再次置入髂骨短钉(D组);将另1枚髂骨短钉置入右侧钉道,以螺钉中点为中心沿螺钉轴线的髂骨外板处开窗,高度20mm、长度40mm、深度至内板皮质,灌注PMMA(E组);D组和E组重复上述测试。记录各组髂骨螺钉的轴向最大拔出力并进行比较。结果:8具标本的骨密度为0.75～0.91g/cm2,平均为0.85±0.05g/cm2。A～E组的最大拔出力分别为1174±542N、261±89N、769±317N、1954±623N和1820±659N,D组与E组比较无显著性差异(P0.05),D组与E组显著高于A、B和C组(P0.05),C组显著高于B组(P0.05),B组和C组显著低于A组(P0.05)。结论:松质骨填塞钉道和增加螺钉长度不能恢复髂骨螺钉的锚定强度;外板开窗PMMA强化和传统PMMA强化后置钉可使髂骨螺钉获得更高的锚定强度;从微创角度,外板开窗PMMA强化可能成为髂骨螺钉松动的理想补救手段。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯强化对骨质疏松椎弓根螺钉固定的生物力学作用

目的探讨聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉的方法和评价 PMMA强化骨质疏松椎弓根螺钉后的生物力学性质。方法 6具新鲜老年女性胸腰段骨质疏松脊柱标本 (T10～ L5),使用双能 X线骨密度吸收仪测试每个椎体的骨密度,随机取 16个椎体 (32侧椎弓根 ),一侧椎弓根拧入 CCD螺钉,测量最大旋入力偶矩后拔出螺钉作为正常对照组,用 PMMA骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉作为修复固定组,行螺钉拔出试验;另一侧经导孔直接强化椎弓根螺钉后拔出作为强化固定组,记录三组螺钉的最大轴向拔出力。结果椎体平均骨密度为 (0.445± 0.019)g/cm2;螺钉最大旋入力偶矩为（ 0.525± 0.104） Nm;正常对照组螺钉最大轴向拔出力为 (271.5± 57.3)N;修复固定组为 (765.9± 130.7)N;强化固定组为 (845.7± 105.0)N。 PMMA骨水泥强化或修复骨质疏松椎弓根螺钉后最大抗压力明显高于强化前,差异有非常显著性意义 (P< 0.01)。结论 PMMA骨水泥强化骨质疏松椎弓根螺钉能显著增加螺钉在椎体内的稳固性。     

重度骨质疏松条件下椎弓根螺钉内固定的可靠性研究

目的评价重度骨质疏松条件下椎弓根螺钉的稳定性,为椎弓根内固定在合并有重度骨质疏松症的患者中的选用提供力学理论基础。方法采用新鲜尸体脊柱标本,检测骨密度后,根据诊断标准,选用正常骨质的2具尸体标本、重度骨质疏松的4具尸体标本,分离T12~L5节段成单个椎体以备后用;然后在骨质正常椎体置入椎弓根螺钉12枚作对照组;在重度骨质疏松水平,分单纯置入椎弓根螺钉(pedicle screw,PS)、经磷酸钙骨水泥(calcium phosphate cement,CPC)强化钉道后置入椎弓根螺钉、经聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)强化钉道后置入椎弓根螺钉三种方法置钉,依次为PS组、CPC/PS组和PMMA/PS组,进行螺钉轴向拔出实验,测最大拔出力、刚度和能量吸收值,对所测指标进行组间对比分析。结果重度疏松条件下,PS组、CPC/PS组和PMMA/PS各组最大拔出力、刚度、能量吸收值均显著低于对照组(P0.005);但是,PMMA/PS组三项指标均显著高于PS组、CPC/PS组(P0.001);PS组、CPC/PS组之间比较仅最大拔出力存在显著性差异(P0.05),刚度与能量吸收值差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论重度骨质疏松条件下,椎弓根螺钉固定强度明显下降,不宜单纯应用普通椎弓根螺钉行脊柱内固定治疗,采用普通骨水泥强化钉道后置钉可以提高椎弓根螺钉稳定性。     

钉道强化提高椎弓根螺钉固定强度的生物力学研究

目的 评价椎弓根钉道局部强化技术及其结合膨胀式椎弓根螺钉提高椎弓根螺钉固定强度的效果.方法 通过自行设计及加工的钉道局部强化装置,向钉道周壁点状注入CaSO4骨水泥以强化椎弓根钉道.5具新鲜冻存人体脊柱标本,每具随机选取4个腰椎共20个腰椎标本,采用随机区组设计方法分为10个区组.设计四种固定方法:A组(普通椎弓根螺钉)、B组(普通椎弓根螺钉+钉道局部强化)、C组(膨胀式椎弓根螺钉+钉道局部强化)、D组(普通椎弓根螺钉+钉道内灌注CaSO4骨水泥),随机应用在每个区组的2个椎体共4个椎弓根钉道.分别测试每个椎弓根螺钉的最大轴向拔出力及能量吸收值.从剩余腰椎标本中任意取两个腰椎,应用钉道局部强化技术后利用Micro-CT观察钉道周壁微观结构变化.结果 C、D两组的最大轴向拔出力均值及能量吸收值均值高于A组(P＜0.01)及B组(P＜0.05),B组最大轴向拔出力均值及能量吸收值均值高于A组(P＜0.01),C、D两组之间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 钉道局部强化技术可显著提高椎弓根螺钉的固定强度,结合使用膨胀式椎弓根螺钉可进一步提高螺钉的固定强度.     

两种不同的腰椎弓根螺钉的生物力学比较

[目的]探讨自主研发的带有横连接装置的新型双侧椎弓钉固定人类骨质疏松腰椎标本的力学特性。[方法] 4例人体骨质疏松的腰椎标本(L1～5),共16个单椎骨,2个双节段椎骨样本,随机分类两组。其中,8个单椎骨和1个双节段椎骨样本采用带横连接新型双侧椎弓螺钉固定(试验组),另外8个单椎骨和1个双节段椎骨样本采用传统无横连接双侧椎弓钉固定(对照组)。对样本施加双侧椎弓钉拔出测试,记录各标本的最大拔出力,并影像学观察钉道破坏情况。[结果]最大拔出力试验组为(1 173.24±244.57) N,而对照组为(705.23±264.09) N,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组拔出测试后,螺钉拔出侧钉道的破坏情况不同:试验组4例出现单侧椎弓根外侧壁骨折,2例椎体骨折,2例一侧钉拔出,并骨质损毁;对照组8例均表现为螺钉拔出,钉道出现"扇形"扩大,均无椎弓根、椎体骨折。[结论]与普通椎弓根螺钉相比,新型椎弓钉在骨质疏松腰椎固定中的稳定性更好,能够降低螺钉松动的概率。     

CPC提高椎体钉固定强度的体外实验研究

目的探讨磷酸钙骨水泥(calcium phosphate cement,CPC)强化骨质疏松椎体钉后穿透单侧椎体皮质固定的可行性。方法选用新鲜成人尸体胸腰段骨质疏松标本24个,实验组为骨水泥(PMMA)和磷酸钙骨水泥灌注后椎体钉穿透单侧椎体皮质固定;对照组为无骨水泥强化,螺钉穿透双侧椎体皮质固定。应用螺钉拔出实验,记录螺钉最大拔出力并观察椎体破坏形态。结果三组拉出力值PMMA组(811.19±188.58N)、CPC组(541.89±101.44N)、对照组(374.21±77.66N)差异有显著性,P<0.01。分别增加122%±56%和50%±37%。对照组(8例)螺钉拔出破坏时均为螺钉抽出,在8例PMMA强化椎体中所有椎体均有不同程度骨折。而在8例CPC强化椎体中仅1例发生椎体骨折。结论应用CPC强化骨质疏松椎体钉简化手术步骤、增加手术安全性是可行的。     

枢椎棘突螺钉与椎弓根螺钉固定的生物力学拔出力比较

目的 比较枢椎棘突螺钉和椎弓根螺钉的生物力学拔出力强度.方法 取8具新鲜尸体枢椎标本(C2).于椎体两侧随机进行枢椎棘突螺钉和椎弓根螺钉固定,置入直径为4.0 mm的皮质骨螺钉.枢椎棘突螺钉进钉点选择为棘突的基底部、棘突及椎板的交界处,进钉角度为水平置钉,螺钉由对侧棘突基底部穿出,形成双层皮质固定;枢椎椎弓根螺钉在直视椎弓根下置钉.置钉后行拔出强度实验,比较2种螺钉的最大轴向拔出力强度.结果 枢椎棘突螺钉的平均拔出力强度为(387.56±137.73)N,稍小于枢椎椎弓根螺钉的平均拔出强度(465.25±214.32)N,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.862,P =0.403);枢椎棘突螺钉的平均钉道长度为(21.42±1.14) mm,稍短于枢椎椎弓根螺钉的(23.16±1.01) mm,差异有统计学意义(t=4.368,P ＜0.05). 结论 枢椎棘突螺钉具有椎弓根螺钉相近的生物力学拔出力强度,枢椎棘突螺钉在生物力学上具有应用可行性.     

The effects of cyclic loading on pull-out strength of sacral screw fixation: an in vitro biomechanical study

STUDY DESIGN: The pull-out strength of sacral screw fixation after cyclic loading was tested using young human cadaveric specimens. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of fatigue loading on the pull-out strength of medial and lateral unicortical and bicortical sacral screws and to correlate the pull-out strength with sacral bone density and the screw insertion torque. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The immediate biomechanical effects of depth of penetration, screw orientation, and bone density on sacral screw fixation have been studied in aged cadaveric specimens. The effect of cyclic loading on the pull-out strength of sacral screw fixation is unknown, however, and data from young specimens is rare. METHODS: Eleven fresh specimens of human sacrum were used in this study. Bone mineral density at the vertebral body and the ala were determined by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Seven-millimeter compact Cotrel-Dubousset sacral screws were inserted into the sacrum anteromedially and anterolaterally, both unicortically and bicortically, and the insertion torque for each screw was measured. Cyclic loading from 40 to 400 N was applied to each screw at a frequency of 2 Hz up to 20,000 cycles. Pull-out tests were conducted after completion of the fatigue tests. RESULTS: The average bone density was 0.38 +/- 0.08 g/mL at the S1 body and 0.24 +/- 0.05 g/mL at the S1 ala. The insertion torque and average pull-out force after cyclic loading were significantly higher for bicortical fixation than for unicortical fixation for a particular screw alignment. The pull-out strength and insertion torque of medially oriented fixation was always higher than that for lateral fixation, however, regardless of whether the insertion was unicortical or bicortical. The pull-out force of unicortical and bicortical medial screw fixations after cyclic loading showed significant linear correlations with both the insertion torque and the bone mineral density of the S1 body. CONCLUSIONS: In a young population, screw orientation (anterolateral or anteromedial) was more important in determining pull-out strength than screw depth (unicortical or bicortical) after fatigue loading, anteromedially directed screws being significantly stronger than laterallyplaced screws. Bone mineral density of the S1 body andinsertion torque were good preoperative and intraoperative indicators of screw pull-out strength.     

骶骨螺钉四种固定方式的生物力学分析

目的 研究骶骨螺钉固定在承受周期性载荷后的拔出强度,评价前内、前外侧和单、双边皮累钉固定的生物力学作用。方法 对１１具新鲜成人尸体的骶骨行定量ＣＴ（ＱＣＴ）扫描以确定Ｓ１椎体和骶骨翼的骨矿物质密度。ＣＣＤ骶骨螺钉分别放置在骶骨的前内、前是和单、双边皮质等四个位置上,测量螺钉固定时旋入的力矩。对螺钉施加４０～４００Ｎ的垂直周期载荷、载荷频率为２Ｈｚ,加载桨数为２００００次。然后行螺钉拔出试验,获得螺     

geneX骨水泥强化骨质疏松椎体椎弓根钉的生物力学研究

目的评估骨质疏松情况下geneX骨水泥强化椎弓根钉的固定强度。方法应用微量注射泵对30个新鲜小牛腰椎标本注射稀盐酸建立骨质疏松椎体模型。60个椎弓根分为四组:geneX骨水泥组,硫酸钙骨水泥(CSC)组,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥(PMMA)组,对照组。随机选择一侧注射2.5 ml骨水泥,然后置入螺钉;另一侧行正常螺钉固定对照,应用材料试验机进行轴向拔出力测试,记录各组的轴向最大拔出力和能量吸收值并进行比较。结果 geneX组与CSC组两组拔出力及能量吸收值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组均显著低于PMMA组(P<0.05),两组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 geneX骨水泥强化椎弓根钉可显著提高椎弓根固定强度,geneX骨水泥可用作椎弓根强化螺钉的填充材料。     

枢椎后路3种螺钉固定技术生物力学测试的对比研究

目的：评价单皮质和双皮质枢椎椎弓根螺钉、枢椎侧块螺钉和枢椎椎板螺钉的固定强度,为临床选择后路螺钉的固定方式提供生物力学依据。方法：利用30具新鲜尸体枢椎标本,进行单皮质和双皮质的枢椎椎弓根螺钉、枢椎侧块螺钉、枢椎椎板螺钉固定,测试比较其螺钉拔出强度。结果：双皮质枢椎椎弓根螺钉的拔出力量最大,为（1255.8±381.9）N;单皮质枢椎椎弓根螺钉[（901.8±373.3）N]、双皮质枢椎侧块螺钉[（776.1±306.8）N]和双皮质枢椎椎板螺钉[（640.8±302.9）N]之间差异无统计学意义。结论：枢椎后路螺钉固定宜首选椎弓根螺钉,枢椎侧块螺钉和枢椎椎板螺钉可作为枢椎后路补充固定技术,且以双皮质骨固定为宜。     

Loosening of sacral screw fixation under in vitro fatigue loading.

Sacral screw fixation is frequently used for fusion of the lower lumbar spine, but sacral screws appear to offer less secure fixation than lumbar pedicle screws, and failure due to loosening under fatigue loading is common. The aim of this study was to examine in vitro the stability of medial and lateral bicortical and unicortical sacral screw fixation under a physiologically relevant fatigue-loading pattern. Bone mineral density, screw insertion torque, and screw-fixation stiffness were measured prior to cyclic loading between 40 and 400 N compression at 2 Hz for 20,000 cycles. The screw-fixation stiffness was measured every 500 cycles, and the axial pullout strength of the screws was recorded following loading. All of the lateral insertions loosened under the applied loading, but some of the medial insertions remained stable. Medial insertions proved stiffer and stronger than lateral insertions, and bicortical fixations were stronger than unicortical fixations. Bone mineral density and insertion torque were correlated with screw stiffness and pullout strength, although better correlation was found for insertion torque than bone mineral density. Bone mineral density is a good preoperative indicator of sacral screw-fixation strength, and insertion torque is a good intraoperative indicator. An insertion torque greater than 1.5 Nm is suggested as an indicative value for a stable medial unicortical insertion, whereas an insertion torque greater than 2 Nm suggests a stable medial bicortical insertion. It appears that, apart from the choice of technique (screw orientation and depth), minimizing the load on the screws during the initial part of the fusion process is also critical to maintain stability of the fused section and to obtain a solid fusion mass.     

Biomechanical comparison of unicortical versus bicortical C1 lateral mass screw fixation

STUDY DESIGN: Biomechanical study of pullout strength of unicortical versus bicortical C1 lateral mass screws using a cadaveric cervical spine model. OBJECTIVE: To compare pullout strength of unicortical versus bicortical C1 lateral mass screws. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The internal carotid artery and hypoglossal nerve lie over the anterior aspect of the lateral mass of the atlas and are at risk from bicortical C1 lateral mass screws. Unicortical screws would reduce the risk of injury to these neurovascular structures; however, no data are available on the relative strength of unicortical versus bicortical C1 lateral mass screws. METHODS: Fifteen cadaveric cervical spine specimens underwent axial pullout testing of C1 lateral mass screws. A unicortical C1 lateral mass screw was placed on 1 side with a contralateral bicortical screw. RESULTS: The mean pullout strengths of the unicortical screws and bicortical screws were 588 N (range, 212 to 1234 N) and 807 N (range, 163 to 1460 N), respectively (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Bicortical C1 lateral mass screws were significantly stronger than unicortical screws; however, the mean pullout strength of both the unicortical and bicortical C1 screws were greater than previously reported values for subaxial lateral mass screws. On the basis of these data, the clinical necessity for using bicortical screw fixation in all patients must be questioned. If similar strength can be achieved using unicortical C1 lateral mass screw to that currently accepted in the subaxial spine, bicortical screws might not be justified for the C1 lateral mass. However, the ability to extrapolate C1-C2 data to subaxial spine data is uncertain because of the difference in normal physiologic loading at these levels.     

下颈椎后路3种固定技术的拔出强度研究

目的评价下颈椎后路侧块螺钉、椎弓根螺钉、经关节螺钉3种固定方法的拔出强度。方法6具新鲜颈椎尸体标本（C3～C7）,分别用侧块螺钉Roy-Camille法（LMS）、椎弓根螺钉（TPS）和经关节螺钉植入法（TAS）拧入螺钉,使用万能材料实验机,以100、200、300、400、500、600N分级加载,以18mm/min加载速度进行螺钉拔出实验,测试其最大拔出力、最大拔出能量。结果LMS最大拔出力为（426±38）N,最大拔出能量为（5.26±0.39）J;TPS最大拔出力为（502±42）N,最大拔出能量为（7.18±0.67）J;TAS最大拔出力为（482±40）N,最大拔出能量为（6.68±0.47）J。LMS的最大拔出力和最大拔出能量均小于TPS和TAS（P〈0.05）,而TPS和TAS之间相近,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论经关节螺钉拔出强度优于侧块螺钉,而椎弓根螺钉拔出强度最大。     

两种长度的颈椎椎弓根螺钉与侧块螺钉拔出试验比较

目的:比较两种长度的颈椎椎弓根螺钉和侧块螺钉的抗拔出力,探讨颈椎经椎弓根短螺钉固定的可行性。方法:5具C3~C5共15节新鲜颈椎标本,用长度为28mm和20mm的皮质骨螺钉分别置入椎弓根,并用20mm的螺钉行侧块双皮质固定,螺钉进入侧块深度约14mm。行拔出试验,比较螺钉的最大轴向拔出力。结果:椎弓根长螺钉的最大拔出力为650N,椎弓根短螺钉为585N,两者比较无显著性差异(P>0.01);侧块螺钉的最大拔出力为360N,与椎弓根短螺钉比较有显著性差异(P<0.0001)。结论:颈椎椎弓根短螺钉固定可提供足够的稳定性,其安全性相对较高。