应用改进的PCR—SSCP银染色法检测卵巢上皮肿瘤p53基因突变？…

目的：探讨ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ银染法检测基因点突变的准确性和检测卵巢上皮肿瘤ｐ５３基因的点突变率。方法：建立ａＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ银染技术检测了３６例卵巢上皮癌，１２例卵巢上皮交界瘤和１５例良性卵巢上皮肿瘤ｐ５３基因第５￣９外显子的点突变。结果：ａＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ银染正常时出现２条带，突变时出现３条带，卵巢上皮癌ｐ５３基因突变率为３０．６％；第５、６、７、８、９外显子分别为１、１、６、３、０例，突变率在临     

人恶性卵巢上皮肿瘤p53基因5～8外显子突变的研究

为探明ｐ５３基因突变与恶性巢上皮肿瘤发生发展的关系,采用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ法对４０例恶性卵巢上皮肿瘤及３０例良性卵巢上皮肿瘤（对照）的ｐ５３基因第５￣８外显子突变情况进行了检测。结果显示：恶性卵巢上皮肿瘤ｐ５３基因５￣８外显子点突变率为３０％,而３０例良性卵巢上皮肿瘤中未发现ｐ５３基因突变。结论：在卵巢良性肿瘤向恶性转化过程中,ｐ５３基因突变可能起着重要作用。     

应用非同位素 PCR-SSCP 检测膀胱癌组织中 p53 基因变异的初步研究

应用聚合酶链式反应—单链构像多态性分析（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）银染色法检测了３９例膀胱移行上皮癌组织中ｐ５３基因的突变率为３０．８％，其中５、６、７、８外显子的突变率分别为７．７％、５．１％、５．１％、１２．８％；病理分级的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级肿瘤组织中ｐ５３基因突变率分别为７．１％、３０．０％、５３．３％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示ｐ５３基因突变在膀胱肿瘤的衍变过程中可能起重要作用，可能是致其恶性程度提高的继发事件；ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ银染法是一种快速、简单且安全的检测基因突变的方法，具有推广应用价值。     

应用PCR-SSCP银染法检测肺癌p53基因的突变

目的：探索并建立一套适用于临床检测的ｐ５３基因突变的分析方法，探讨肺癌发生发展与ｐ５３基因突变的关系，为临床诊断和治疗提供分子依据。方法：采用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ银染法对２２例肺癌患者ｐ５３基因的第６、第７外显子进行分析。结果：全部患者组织标本经ＰＣＲ扩增，均获得特异的ｐ５３基因扩增产物，进一步对第６第７外显子应用ＳＳＣＰ进行突变分析，不同组织类型肺癌的ｐ５３基因突变率各不相同，第７外显子的突变率（２７．３％）高于第６外显子（９．１％）。结论：ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ银染法是适于肺癌患者ｐ５３基因突变分析的简捷、快速而可靠的检测方法，通过进一步研究，将为肺癌的早期诊断、鉴别诊断和预后判断提供有价值的分子指标。     

应用PCR-SSCP方法检测肺癌、肠癌中p53基因突变

目的　研究ＰＣＲ－ ＳＳＣＰ 检测肺癌、肠癌中ｐ５３ 基因突变的方法改进及突变率。方法　用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ,银染技术检测４ 例肺癌和７ 例大肠癌组织标本中ｐ５３ 基因外显子５ ～８ 。结果　肺癌ｐ５３ 基因突变率为７５％ （３／４ 例）,肠癌ｐ５３ 基因突变率为４２．９％ （３／７ 例） 。结论　ｐ５３ 基因突变与肺癌、肠癌的发生密切相关,ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ银染技术简便快速、灵敏安全的基因突变检测方法,可应用于肿瘤的临床基因诊断。     

应用非同位素PCR—SSCP检测膀胱癌组织中p53基因变异的初步研究

应用聚合酶链式反应－单链构像多态性分析（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）银染色法检测了３９例膀胱移行上皮癌组织中ｐ５３基因的突变率为３０．８％，其中５、６、７、８外显子的突变率分别为７．７％、５．１％、５．１％、１２．８％；病理分级的Ｉ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级肿瘤组织中ｐ５３基因突变率分别为７．１％、３０．０％、５３．３％（Ｐ〈０．０５）。提示ｐ５３基因突变在膀胱肿瘤的衍变过程中可能起重要作用，可能是致其恶性程度提高的继发事     

慢性淋巴细胞白血病p53,p16基因的研究

应用银染ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ方法对１８例慢性淋巴细胞白血病（ＣＬＬ）ｐ５３、ｐ１６基因点突变进行研究,共检出ｐ５３基因及ｐ１６基因点突变各１例,ｐ５３基因突变位于第５外显子突变热点区,ｐ１６基因突变位于第２外显子。结果表明ＣＬＬ存在多种癌基因与抑癌基因改变。     

人胰腺腺癌中抗癌基因P53的突变

用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ分析及ＤＮＡ直接测序法检测了１６例胰腺腺癌的Ｐ５３基因５－８外显子，结果发现３７．５％有Ｐ５３基因点突变，突变分布于外显子５－８，无特殊突变倾向点。６例有Ｐ５３突变者，５例为１个等位基因突变，另１个等位基因丢失；１例同时含有突变型和隆型等位基因。     

应用PCR—SSCP银染技术检测非小细胞癌p53基因点突变

我们应用聚合酶链反应－单链构像多态（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）银染技术对３１例非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ）中ｐ５３基因第５，６，７，８，外显子进行检测，结果发现有１５例（４８．３８％）发生基因突变，其中第７外显子８例，第５，８外显子各３例，第６外显子１例，说明５～８外显子为突变热点区域；ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ银染技术是一种敏感，快速，经济，实用检测点突变方法。     

肺癌组织 p53 基因突变的研究

目的：探讨肺癌发生的分子遗传学机理，了解肺癌中ｐ５３基因突变的情况。方法：采取聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）及聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）结合银染技术，对２０例肺癌组织中ｐ５３基因外显子５～８进行了突变分析。结果：ｐ５３基因突变１２例，占总人数６０％（１２／２０），分布于外显子５～８。其中第７外显子６例，第８外显子４例，第５、６外显子各１例。鳞癌突变率５０％（３／６），腺癌突变率６０％（６／１０），小细胞肺癌突变率７５％（３／４）。结论：ｐ５３基因突变与肺癌的发生发展有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.