慢性肾脏病5期非透析患者动脉粥样硬化危险因素分析

目的 探讨慢性肾脏病5期非透析患者发生颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素.方法 选择慢性肾脏病5期非透析患者54例和健康对照者31名检测血肌酐、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、脂蛋白α、白蛋白、血清钙、血清磷、C反应蛋白、晚期氧化蛋白产物等指标,并进行颈动脉超声检查颈动脉内膜中层厚度和粥样斑块.分析影响颈动脉内膜中层厚度的危险因素.结果 两组患者晚期氧化蛋白产物、C反应蛋白比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),且慢性肾脏病5期非透析患者中颈动脉内膜中层厚度明显增厚且动脉斑块发生率高(P＜0.01);多元线性回归分析显示年龄、收缩期血压、血清磷、脂蛋白α、氧化蛋白产物、C反应蛋白是颈动脉内膜中层厚度增厚的独立危险因素.结论 氧化应激、微炎症反应及高血压、高血脂、高血磷等复杂因素的相互作用可能在慢性肾脏病5期非透析患者加速冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展中起重要作用.     

非透析慢性肾脏病患者高尿酸血症的危险因素分析

目的 探讨和分析非透析慢性肾脏病(non-dialysis chronic kidney disease,ND-CKD)患者高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia,HUA)的发生率及其相关危险因素.方法 收集2015年1月至2019年12月于山西医科大学第二医院肾内科就诊的540例ND-CKD患者的临床资料,依据HUA...     

非透析慢性肾脏病患者发生左心室肥厚的危险因素分析

目的探讨和分析非透析慢性肾脏病(ND-CKD)患者发生左心室肥厚(LVH)的危险因素,为预防ND-CKD患者LVH的发生提供依据。方法收集2016年1月至2018年5月就诊于山西医科大学第二医院的1 001例ND-CKD患者的临床资料,按照LVH发生情况分为LVH组(195例)与非LVH组(806例),比较两组患者的临床资料,采用Logistic回归分析研究ND-CKD患者发生LVH的危险因素,采用ROC曲线研究ND-CKD患者发生LVH的预测指标。结果 Logistic回归分析结果显示收缩压(OR=1.012)、β_2-微球蛋白(OR=0.939)、总胆固醇(OR=1.183)、同型半胱氨酸(OR=1.023)、B型钠尿肽(OR=1.001)及红细胞沉降率(OR=1.010)是ND-CKD患者发生LVH的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示BNP为预测ND-CKD患者发生LVH的较好的指标。结论对于LVH发生的危险因素给予早期临床干预,可能会减少或延缓LVH的发生,并且改善CKD患者的预后。     

补肾泄浊活血法改善非透析期慢性肾脏病患者微炎症状态的Meta分析

目的:系统地评价补肾泄浊活血法改善非透析期慢性肾脏病患者微炎症状态的临床疗效与安全性.方法:检索CBM、CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP、PubMed、The Cochrane Library、EM-base等数据库,检索时间均从建库～2020年6月30日.对采用补肾泄浊活血法改善非透析期慢性肾脏病患者微炎症...     

非透析慢性肾脏病患者心率变异性的特点及其影响因素分析

目的：分析非透析慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者心率变异性（HRV）的特点及相关因素。方法：对263例住院且尚未行肾脏替代治疗CKD患者进行HRV（包括SDNN、RMSSD、pNN50、LF、HF、LF/HF）检测,并分析影响CKD患者HRV的因素。结果：CKD1～5期患者HRV下降的比例为57.79%,在CKD1、2、3、4、5期的比例分别为30.77%、42.00%、52.94%、72.73%和87.27%,各组间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。CKD患者SDNN均值为（110.8±33.5）ms,除CKD1与2期J间、CKD3与4间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,其他各组间比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;RMSSD均值为（30.2±18.7）ms,CKD5期明显低于其他4组,且与其他4组间比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但其他4组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;pNN50均值为9.4±5.3,CKD1、2、3、4、5期患者的pNN50呈递减趋势,且各组间比较差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;LF均值为（1014.3±609.2）ms,CKD3、4期间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,其他各组间比较差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;HF均值为（806.9±318.3）ms,CKD3、4期间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,其他各组间比较差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;LF/HF均值为2.1±0.9,CKD1、2期间,CKD3、4期间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,其他各组间比较差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。血红蛋白、性别、血钠及血钾水平与HRV显著相关。结论：非透析CKD患者HRV下降的比例较高,且随着CKD分期增加,发生HRV下降的比例增加。     

慢性肾脏病非透析患者脑钠素与动脉粥样硬化及心功能的关系

目的 研究脑钠素（BNP）与慢性肾脏病（CKD）非透析患者动脉粥样硬化及心功能不全的关系。 方法 采用双抗夹心免疫荧光法检测203例CKD非透析患者与16例高血压患者对照组全血BNP水平，分析其与颈动脉超声结果、心脏彩超结果及既往心血管疾病史的关系。 结果 CKD非透析患者BNP水平与对照组相比显著升高[M（范围）：54.40(15.10～ 173.00) ng/L比9.35(7.35～15.00) ng/L，P < 0.01]。Spearman相关分析显示CKD患者BNP与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、左室心肌重量指数（LVMI）等呈正相关。存在颈动脉斑块、左室肥厚或既往发生过心血管事件的患者血BNP水平显著增高。多元回归分析显示LVMI、既往心血管事件均是影响BNP水平的独立因素。 结论 CKD非透析患者BNP水平和动脉粥样硬化性疾病、左室肥厚及心功能不全相关，提示BNP水平可作为一项评价CKD非透析患者心功能及动脉粥样硬化的敏感生物学指标。     

慢性肾脏病4～5期合并肺动脉高压患者的临床特征及危险因素

目的 分析慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)4 ～5期合并肺动脉高压患者的临床特征及相关危险因素.方法 分析比较2015年1月1日至2015年12月31日于江门市中心医院肾内科就诊的CKD 4～5期患者,根据其是否存在肺动脉高压分为肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension,PH)组及非PH组,分析两组患者的临床及实验室检查资料.结果 PH组血红蛋白(Hb)比非PH组低,而全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)较非PH组高(P＜0.05).PH组各心室心房内径、肺动脉内径均较非PH组长,射血分数较非PH组低(P＜0.05).PH组瓣膜钙化、心包积液的发生率较非PH组高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在血液透析亚组,PH组平均透析次数较非PH组低[(2.44±0.50)次vs (2.83±0.38)次,P=0.00],而PH组Hb较非PH组低,血清尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(SCr)较非PH组高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在腹膜透析亚组,PH组平均年龄较非PH组大[(53.49± 11.59)岁vs (46.19±12.82)岁,P=0.033].贫血、甲状旁腺激素增高是CKD发生PH的危险因素;在血液透析患者中,贫血、SCr升高是其发生PH的危险因素.高龄则是腹膜透析患者发生PH的危险因素.结论 CKD合并PH的患者心脏结构发生变化,左心室收缩功能较差.纠正贫血、控制继发性甲状旁腺机能亢进症及透析充分是治疗CKD合并PH的重要措施.     

住院患者慢性肾脏病的危险因素分析

目的：回顾性分析慢性肾脏病（CKD）住院患者肾功能进展的危险因素。方法：收集2001年1月1日～2008年12月31日,在我院肾内科首次住院,未接受替代治疗16岁以上CKD患者655例,分析患者的性别、年龄、血压、原发病、肾穿病理、Hb、Alb、PA、UA、Ca2＋、P3-、TC、TG、LDL、HDL及肾功能进展的危险因素。结果：（1）起病较集中在31岁～60岁,占CKD的53.9%。（2）原发性肾小球疾病、糖尿病、高血压（69.5%、8.9%、8.9%）是导致CKD的主要病因。（3）58.2%患者行肾脏穿刺,病理结果以IgA肾病、系膜增生性肾炎、局灶节段性肾小球硬化、微小病变（31.2%、23.6%、11.3%、10.2%）为主。（4）各期患者血尿存在明显统计学差异（P〈0.01）;蛋白尿差异无统计学意义。与CKD1期比较,除PA、TG外,各期SBP、DBP、Hb、Alb、UA、Ca2＋、P3-、TC、LDL、HDL差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（5）多元相关回归分析显示eGFR与Hb呈正相关（P〈0.05）,与年龄、血压、UA呈负相关（P〈0.05）。多元Logistic回归分析显示年龄、贫血、高尿酸血症、高血压是CKD肾功能进展的危险因素（P〈0.05）。结论：原发性肾小球肾炎、糖尿病、高血压是主要病因。年龄、贫血、高尿酸血症、高血压为CKD进展的危险因素。     

围透析期慢性肾脏病患者生存状况及影响因素分析

目的 分析围透析期慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）患者的生存状态,探讨其影响因素,为提高围透析期CKD患者生存率提供研究思路。方法 收集2019年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间国药葛洲坝中心医院肾内科所有围透析期CKD患者临床资料,根据随访期内生存结局分为死亡组和生存组。比较两组患者基本情况、原发病相关信息、合并临床症状、实验室检查等,采用Logistic回归分析死亡危险因素。结果 纳入研究的围透析期CKD患者共168例,随访期死亡26例,其中未进入透析期死亡3例。两组间一般资料比较,年龄[（66.4±13.1）岁比（57.2±14.3）岁]、纳入CKD管理（15.4%比36.6%）、日常生活能力评分（65.8±9.1比72.4±10.2）;合并心血管疾病（50.0%比24.6%）、症状群个数超过3个占比（61.5%比40.8%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组间实验室检查比较,24 h尿量[（818.2±155.3)mL比(1206.1±197.8）mL]、血红蛋白[（76.5±16.5)g/L比(84.7±17.2）g/L]、白...     

益肾补脾法对慢性肾脏病3期患者微炎症、氧化应激及营养状态的影响

目的:探讨益肾补脾法对慢性肾脏病3期患者微炎症、氧化应激及营养状态的影响。方法:81例CKD3期患者随机分为治疗组43例和对照组38例,两组在基础治疗基础上分别采用益肾补脾方加减、厄贝沙坦片,观察治疗前后hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、SOD、Hb、PA、Alb的改变。结果:治疗组hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),治疗后治疗组与对照组比较IL-6、TNF-α均有明显降低(P<0.01)。两组治疗后SOD、Hb、Alb、PA均明显增加(P<0.05)。治疗后治疗组与对照组比较SOD、Hb、Alb、PA均有明显增加(P<0.05)。结论:益肾补脾法可减轻慢性肾脏病3期患者微炎症及氧化应激反应,改善营养状态。     

Asymptomatic atherosclerosis and hypertension in nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease

Abstract:  Atherosclerosis is accelerated in dialysis patients, but less is known about asymptomatic atherosclerosis and major risk factors in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We compared intima media thickness (IMT) and plaque occurrence in the carotid arteries in 104 nondiabetic patients (stages 1–5 of CKD; mean age: 51.6 years) with those in 40 healthy control subjects. The IMT values (0.69 vs. 0.59 mm; P  < 0.002) were higher in patients. More patients had plaques (46.2 vs. 17.5%; P  < 0.002), and number of plaques was higher ( P  < 0.003). Negative correlation between IMT ( P  < 0.0001), presence of plaques ( P  < 0.0001), their number ( P  < 0.040), and chromium 51-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetate (⁵¹Cr-EDTA) clearance were found in patients. With multiple regression analysis, relationship between IMT and ⁵¹Cr-EDTA clearance ( P  < 0.001) and presence of hypertension ( P  < 0.001) was found. Nondiabetic patients with CKD showed advanced atherosclerosis and IMT, plaque occurrence, and number increased directly with the level of renal dysfunction. Another important risk factor was hypertension.       

Risk factor for acute kidney injury in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

IntroductionAcute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients with pre-existing impaired renal function carries deleterious outcomes but is not frequently evaluated. The optimal CPB strategy for preventing AKI in this vulnerable patient group is still controversial.MethodsA total of 156 patients with preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) <30 ml/min but not on chronic dialysis receiving valve operation under CPB were included in the present study. Postoperative AKI was defined as KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) stage 3. Hospital mortality and two-year renal function evolution were compared between patients with postoperative AKI and those without AKI. Risk factors for the development of postoperative AKI were also studied.ResultsThe incidence of postoperative KDIGO-3 was high (44.2%). Hospital mortality was higher in the AKI group (30.4%) than in the non-AKI group (8.0%). Among the hospital survivors, renal function deterioration to permanent dialysis at two years was also more common in AKI group (14.5%) than in non-AKI group (4.6%). Univariate logistic regression for postoperative AKI revealed male gender, increased age, height, weight, BSA, and BMI, high preoperative serum creatinine, prolonged CPB duration, and decreased CPB target temperature as risk factors. However, multivariate analysis revealed only high preoperative serum creatinine and decreased CPB target temperature as significant risk factors for postoperative AKI.ConclusionTo prevent postoperative AKI in CKD patients, low CPB target temperature is avoided, especially for those with high preoperative serum creatinine levels.     

Serum omentin-1, inflammation and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Background and aim: Omentin-1 is suggested to affect inversely atherosclerosis (AS). Data about omentin-1 is limited to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our aim was to examine omentin-1 in non-diabetic CKD patients who are not dialyzed and investigate its relationships with inflammation and carotid AS. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in 55 non-diabetic CKD patients and 30 healthy controls. Baseline clinical and laboratory data were obtained for all participants. Serum omentin-1 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Carotic plaque and intima-media thickness (IMT) were assessed by carotid ultrasonography. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was used to assess IR. Results: Omentin-1 and IL-6 levels in the patient group were found to be higher than the control group; the differences were statistically significant (p?=?0.01 and p?=?0.04, respectively). Carotid IMT(mean) was significantly higher in the patient group (p?=?0.01). Omentin-1 did not correlate with IL-6 and IMT in the patient group (p?=?0.51 and p?=?0.76, respectively). In subgroup analysis, omentin-1 levels in patients with carotid plaque were lower than those without carotid plaque (179.5?±?88.1?ng/ml and 185.9?±?67.8?ng/ml, respectively). However, the difference was not statistically significant (p?=?0.47). Conclusion: We conclude that omentin-1 is higher in not dialyzed non-diabetic CKD and there is no correlation between omentin-1 and IL-6 or carotid IMT(mean).     

Relationship between serum adiopocyte fatty acid binding protein and atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease

Objective To investigate the expression of serum adiopocyte fatty acid binding protein(A-FABP) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the role that A-FABP plays in CKD with atherosclerosis. Methods A total of 138 patients with CKD and 20 health control volunteers (HC) were involved in this study. The levels of serum A-FABP, free fatty acid (FFA), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Inteima-media thickness of common carotid artery was measured by color doppler ultrasound.Results According to the progression of glomerular filtration rate(GFR), the patients with CKD were divided into three groups: group CKD1-2[eGFR≥ 60 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1], group CKD 3-4[60 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 > eGFR ≥ 15 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1], group CKD5[eGFR ＜ 15 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1].The levels of serum A-FABP were relatively higher in CKD than that in HC group(P＜0.05), and that in the group CKD5 were the most highest (P＜0.01). The level of serum FFA in group CKD 1-2 was relatively higher than that in group HC (P＜0.05), and FFA had a rising trend with decreased eGFR. The level of serum A-FABP was positively correlated with the levels of serum FFA (r＝0.825, P＜0.01), and also positively correlated with IL-6 (r＝0.569, P＜0.01), MCP-1(r＝0.657, P＜0.01) in CKD by Pearson correlation analysis. The levels of A-FABP in 56 patients of CKD with vascular atherosclerosis were significantly higher than that in 82 patients without vascular atherosclerosis (P＜0.01). Conclusion Serum A-FABP maybe play an important role in the progression of vascular atherosclerosis in CKD.     

Care of elderly patients with chronic kidney disease

Background Providing optimal care to the growing number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remains a significant problem in the United States. There is little known about the care of elderly CKD patients by primary care physicians as well as nephrologists. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 377 elderly male CKD (serum creatinine >1.4 mg/dl on 2 separate occasions 3 months apart) patients referred to the Nephrology Clinic at the Buffalo Veterans Administration Medical Center between 1999 and 2002 to see if the pattern of care changed during this time. Results The mean age of the patients was 75.9 years. Eighty-four percent were Caucasian, 15% were African-American, and 1% were of other race. Etiology of CKD included hypertensive nephrosclerosis (49%), diabetic nephropathy (23%), renovascular disease (18%), and others (10%). Sixty-five percent of patients had estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >30 ml/min. Overall angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) was used in 51% of patients with CKD, and in 63% of patients with diabetic nephropathy. Twenty percent of patients had a hemoglobin <11 g/dl, darbepoietin/epogen was used in 31% of these patients. Screening for kidney related tests were done infrequently while lipid profile and hemoglobin A1C were done in the majority of patients because of clinical reminders in the VA computerized patient record system (CPRS). Conclusion These results emphasize the need for increased education of primary care physicians and nephrologists to improve the care of elderly CKD patients. Although there was a trend towards earlier referral, care did not change significantly between years 1999 and 2002.     

Impact of inflammation and oxidative stress on vascular calcifications in chronic kidney disease

Vascular and/or valvular calcifications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) appear to indicate a poor prognosis in terms of overall survival and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Inflammation and oxidative stress represent new features of the arterial and/or valvular calcification process. However, only limited observational and epidemiological data are available in these areas. Therefore, the link between inflammation, oxidation and vascular and/or valvular calcifications deserves careful consideration in CKD patients, since they may become targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies.This work was presented in part at the IPNA Seventh Symposium on Growth and Development in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: The Molecular Basis of Skeletal Growth, 1–3 April 2004, Heidelberg, Germany     

Progression of coronary calcification in pediatric chronic kidney disease stage 5

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is common in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and progresses with time. However, data are limited for younger patients. We have previously reported CAC in eight of 53 children with CKD. After 2 years, CAC evaluation was repeated in 48 patients. The median CAC score (CACS) increased from 101.3 (1473.6 ± 1978.6, range 8.5–4332) to 1759.2 (2236.4 ± 2463.3, range 0–5858) Agatston units (AU). When the individual changes in CACS were evaluated one by one, we showed a mild decrease in two patients on hemodialysis (HD) and in one transplant (Tx) recipient, a moderate increase in one patient on HD, one on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and one Tx recipient, and a large increase in one HD patient. Also, CAC disappeared in one HD patient. All patients with no calcification at baseline remained calcification-free at follow-up. To obtain the individual cumulative exposure, we calculated time-averaged mean values, using the laboratory values from the beginning of dialysis to the first and second multidetector spiral computed tomography (MDCT) scans (baseline and final values, respectively). Final CACS was positively related to final calcium–phosphorus (Ca×P) product, while CAC progression was inversely associated with final serum albumin level. This report is the first study with the largest number and the youngest cohort to document the natural history of coronary calcification.