胼胝体梗死的临床与磁共振影像特点

目的探讨胼胝体梗死患者的临床和磁共振检查的影像学特点。方法回顾22例急性胼胝体梗死患者的临床和磁共振检查资料,分析其主要临床特点及其特征性影像学表现。结果胼胝体梗死主要表现为肢体瘫痪、认知功能下降、语言障碍、情感障碍、面舌瘫痪、感觉障碍、偏侧肢体失用。磁共振影像显示,胼胝体体部和膝部梗死患者的大脑前动脉狭窄或闭塞率明显高于胼胝体压部梗死患者（χ2分别为4.996、4.337,P均〈0.05）,胼胝体压部梗死患者的大脑后动脉狭窄或闭塞率明显高于胼胝体体部和膝部梗死患者（χ2分别为4.337、4.996,P均〈0.05）。结论胼胝体梗死临床表现复杂多样,颅脑磁共振检查是确诊胼胝体梗死的依据。     

胼胝体梗死的临床与影像学分析

目的 探讨胼胝体梗死患者的临床和影像学特点.方法 收集符合脑梗死诊断的416例患者的临床资料,其中8例经过MRI证实为胼胝体梗死.结果 胼胝体梗死占全部脑梗死患者的1.9%.7例CT扫描未显示胼胝体梗死,经非增强MRI检查显示病灶,另1例经增强MRI检查显示病灶.梗死灶可仅累及胼胝体(膝部、体部或压部),也可合并额叶、...     

胼胝体梗死的MRI特征(附78例报告)

目的 探讨胼胝体梗死的磁共振成像(MRI)特征.方法 回顾性分析78例胼胝体梗死患者的影像学及临床资料.结果 单纯胼胝体梗死少见(8/78),多合并颅内其他部位梗死灶.胼胝体梗死部位:膝部16例,体部7例,同时累及膝部、体部15例,压部34例,弥漫性累及6例.累及胼胝体的脑梗死临床表现以肢体瘫痪﹑语言障碍﹑智能与精神障碍较多见.结论 胼胝体梗死并不少见,其临床表现常被合并的梗死病灶所掩盖,MRI是确诊的主要依据.     

胼胝体梗死患者不同梗死部位的磁共振表现与认知障碍特征

目的探讨胼胝体梗死不同梗死部位所致认知障碍及磁共振MRI、DWI检查的特征。方法对39例胼胝体梗死患者进行MRI及DWI扫描,按不同梗死部位分为膝部、体部、压部梗死三组,分析三组的磁共振影像学特征,比较三组美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD)和日常生活能力量表(ADL)检查结果。结果经MRI、DWI检查发现,入组患者均为胼胝体单一部位的新发病变,左右侧均有发病,且左右侧差异不均。单纯的压部梗死较体部和膝部更常见。胼胝体膝部、压部、体部梗死患者的NIHSS和ADL评分无统计学差异(P0.05),体部梗死患者的HAD测定结果明显高于膝部和压部梗死(P0.05)。不同部位胼胝体梗死患者MMSE评分均有降低,但无显著差异(P0.05),膝部梗死患者表达和记忆力评分下降更突出,体部梗死患者语言障碍较压部梗死患者更突出。结论不同部位胼胝体梗死患者均存在不同程度的认知障碍,且胼胝体体部梗死更容易合并脑卒中后焦虑抑郁,膝部梗死表现以表达和记忆力下降为主,体部梗死表现以语言能力下降为主。     

急性胼胝体梗死33例临床及影像学分析

目的探讨急性胼胝体梗死的临床及影像学特征：方法回顾性分析2006年4月-2010年4月安徽医科大学附属省立医院1609例脑梗死患者中,经MRI确诊的33例胼胝体梗死患者的临床及影像学资料结果①该病发生率为2．05％（33／1609）;发病年龄为（63±9）岁,主要危险因素是高血压、高脂血症和糖尿病。②33例中,以肢体瘫痪（93．9％）和认知功能下降（57．6％）最为多见,其次是面、舌瘫（48．5％）,共济失调（45．5％）,感觉障碍（39．4％）,再次是情感障碍和语言障碍（均为30.3％）,而异己手综合征最少见（9．1％）。（3）33例通过MRI检出病灶42个,以体部（42．9％）、压部（35．7％）多见。6例为单纯胼胝体梗死,27例合并颅内其他部位梗死,最多见于基底核区（75．8％）。单侧梗死患者（24／33）多于双侧（9／33）,P〈0．01。④15例行血管造影检查（MRA／CTA／DSA）,大腩的动脉狭窄6例,闭塞3例;胼周动脉狭窄3例,闭塞2例;大脑中动脉狭窄1例,大脑后动脉狭窄3例,闭塞2例;血管形态正常者2例。结论胼胝体梗死发生率相对低,临床表观复杂多样,应重视认知功能的下降和异己手综合征,MRI对胼胝体梗死定位诊断具有重要意义。     

老年胼胝体脑梗死40例临床特点分析

目的 总结胼胝体梗死的临床特点.方法 老年胼胝体脑梗死患者40例,对其一般情况、发病原因、临床表现、影像学特点及预后进行分析.结果 高危因素主要为动脉粥样硬化,病灶位置以胼胝体膝部、体部和压部多见;临床表现多样,其中运动障碍18/40(45.0％)、高级智能障碍15/40(37.5％)、感觉障碍9/40(22.5％)、言语障碍8/40(20.0％)、精神情绪障碍6/40(15.0％),伴异己手综合症2例、一过性小便失禁2例;治疗总有效率为90％.结论 胼胝体梗死高危因素以动脉粥样硬化为主,临床表现复杂,MRI是最佳诊断手段,早期发现、积极治疗者预后较好.     

急性单纯胼胝体梗死的临床诊治分析并文献复习

目的 探讨急性单纯胼胝体梗死的临床特点.方法 连续回顾性分析2010年1月至2018年12月首都医科大学附属复兴医院2694例脑梗死患者中,经MRI确诊的16例急性单纯胼胝体梗死患者临床资料,包括患者性别、年龄、卒中危险因素、影像学特征等,并记录患者胼胝体梗死的部位、胼胝体供血动脉有无狭窄以及颅内外狭窄血管的数量等,评价治疗前与出院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分的变化.出院后6个月完成门诊病情评估.16例急性单纯胼胝体梗死患者中,男10例,女6例;年龄46~82岁,平均(69.4±2.3)岁;高血压病14例,2型糖尿病12例,高脂血症11例,冠心病5例(含心房颤动1例),高同型半胱氨酸血症4例,脑梗死6例,脑出血1例;吸烟史8例,饮酒史4例.结果 急性单纯胼胝体梗死占同期脑梗死的发生率为0.6%(16/2694),均伴有多个动脉粥样硬化危险因素,最主要危险因素是高血压病.16例急性单纯胼胝体梗死患者中,病变血管以大脑前动脉狭窄(14例)、大脑中动脉狭窄(10例)和颈内动脉狭窄(8例)多见;病变部位以胼胝体膝部和体部多见(12例),且以单侧受损为主(累及单侧胼胝体15例);临床以肢体瘫痪(13例)、认知障碍(10例)和精神行为异常(8例)为主要表现,偏身感觉异常(2例)、偏盲(1例)及共济失调(3例)较少见;经治疗后多数患者的病情可明显改善.治疗前NIHSS评分为(4.3±1.5)分,出院时NIHSS评分为(2.9±1.2)分,治疗前后的差异有统计学意义(t=3.914,P=0.023).出院6个月门诊随访结果显示,2例基本痊愈,13例显著进步,1例无变化,无死亡患者.结论 急性单纯胼胝体梗死发生率较低,其发病与颅内多支动脉狭窄密切相关,前循环血管可能更易受累.临床症状复杂多样,尤其应关注患者肢体肌力、认知功能及精神行为表现,一般预后良好.     

胼胝体梗死的临床表现及影像学特点分析

目的探讨胼胝体梗死的临床表现及影像学特点。方法将2011年6月—2012年3月在开封市第二人民医院确诊的12例胼胝体梗死患者的临床表现及影像学资料进行分析。结果 (1)单纯病灶组与合并其他部位病灶组患者梗死灶左右发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者胼胝体膝部梗死发生率与其他部位梗死发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)临床表现以肢体瘫痪者最多(占75.0%),多由胼胝体膝部梗死引起;其次是语言障碍(占33.3%),左手失用、眩晕、精神行为异常、中枢性面舌瘫者较为少见。(3)单纯梗死组者以轻度瘫痪为主(占57.1%),下肢受累多见;而合并其他部位梗死组多瘫痪程度较重(占60.0%),且以上下肢同时受累多见。结论本研究12例胼胝体梗死患者中病灶左右发生率及好发部位无显著性差异,其临床表现与部位及是否合并其他部位梗死有关。     

临床表现为进展性脑卒中的胼胝体梗死八例分析

目的探讨表现为进展性脑卒中胼胝体梗死患者的临床及影像学特点。方法收集经头颅MRI证实为胼胝体梗死患者23例,8例患者符合进展性脑卒中病程经过,分析其临床及影像学特点。结果发生进展性脑卒中的胼胝体梗死患者占所有胼胝体梗死患者的34.8%。主要危险因素有高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、高脂血症等。8例患者分别于发病后7⁵6h内出现进展,其中24h内进展4例,发病后56h进展1例,其余3例于发病后2456h内出现进展,其中24h内进展4例,发病后56h进展1例,其余3例于发病后24⁴8h内进展,病情恶化突出的表现为偏侧肢体瘫痪加重,以下肢为主。8例患者均合并相邻部位梗死,累及扣带回6例,额叶及顶叶各4例,枕叶1例,侧脑室旁1例。磁共振血管造影显示,大脑前动脉狭窄6例,大脑前动脉闭塞2例,大脑后动脉狭窄2例,其中6例合并其他部位的血管病变。结论临床表现为进展性脑卒中的胼胝体梗死患者病情恶化多出现于发病后24h内,主要为偏侧肢体瘫痪加重,头颅MRI检查能及时明确梗死部位及相应血管病变。     

胼胝体梗死14例临床分析

目的探讨胼胝体梗死的高危因素,临床表现及诊断分型。方法对14例胼胝体梗死患者的临床资料进行分析。结果胼胝体梗死高危因素主要为高血压病,糖尿病,最主要的临床表现为肢体瘫痪、失语及智能改变、感觉障碍,病变部位以体部及膝部多见。依据CISS标准分型提示胼胝体梗死为动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死。结论胼胝体梗死临床表现非特异性,临床诊断需要依靠MRI检查,病因多为动脉粥样硬化。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.