钙通道阻滞剂在镇痛应用中的研究进展

感觉神经元细胞上存在电压依赖性钙通道,钙离子是神经元突触前膜兴奋和递质释放必要的偶联因子,阻断钙 的内流可影响感觉传导过程而产生抗伤害反应。本文就钙通道阻滞剂的中枢镇痛作用及对阿片类药物的影响予以综述。     

钙通道阻滞剂在镇痛应用中的研究进展

感觉神经元细胞上存在电压依赖性钙通道，钙离子是神经元突触前膜兴奋和递质释放必要的偶联因子，阻断钙的内流可影响感觉传导过程而产生抗伤害反应。本文就钙通道阻滞剂的中枢镇痛作用及对阿片类药物的影响予以综述。     

钙通道阻滞剂舒张阴茎海绵体平滑肌的研究进展

钙通道广泛存在于心肌、骨骼肌、平滑肌及神经元细胞膜上 ,钙通道阻滞剂因其舒张血管平滑肌而广泛应用于心血管疾病的治疗。本文综述了钙通道阻滞剂舒张阴茎海绵体平滑肌的实验研究的最新进展 ,能否应用于阴茎勃起功能障碍的诊断和治疗尚有待进一步研究和探讨     

钙通道阻滞剂与胰腺疾病

钙通道阻滞剂与胰腺疾病曹天生综述史海安审校钙离子是细胞内包括细胞增生的各种生物反应的一种重要中介物质。钙通道阻滞剂是近年心血管药理学的重要进展之一，研究发现该类药物对急性胰腺炎（ＡＰ）和胰腺肿瘤有一定程度的治疗作用。一、钙通道阻带剂与急性胰腺炎目前，...     

钙通道阻滞剂对肾脏保护作用的研究现状

钙通道阻滞剂为广泛应用的降压药，其对肾脏的保护作用尚有争议。本文综述了近几年来有关报道，并对不同研究结果进行了初步分析。     

钙通道阻滞剂对低温保存大鼠肝脏的保护作用

目的：研究钙通道阻滞剂是否减轻低温保存下肝细胞的钙超载并起到保护肝脏的作用。方法：低温保存大鼠肝细胞于不同时限,按保存液的不同成分分组：（1）对照组：DMEM液;（2）实验Ⅰ组：DMEM液＋Verapamil(维拉帕米）;（3）实验Ⅱ组：DMEM液＋Nifedipine(硝苯地平）;（4）实验Ⅲ组：DMEM液＋Diltiazem(硫氮卓酮）。用Fura-2法测定低温保存下的大鼠肝细胞内钙和肝功能,并在光镜和电镜下观察肝脏的结构。结果：细胞内钙及肝功能测定,各实验组与对照组差异显著;组织学观察,保存0－48h各实验组损伤明显低于对照组。结论钙通道阻滞剂对低温保存肝脏有保护作用,且三类药物中帕米作用最强,硝苯地平和硫氮卓酮次之。     

糖尿病并发高血压的患者可否采用钙通道阻滞剂

目的：糖尿病合并高血压患者的心血管疾病的发病率及死亡率是单纯患有高血压的患者的2～3倍。目前的共识是，降压可以减少这些患者的心血管病以及。肾衰竭的发病率。但是对于糖尿病合并高血压时使用钙通道阻滞剂治疗是否有益还存在争议，本文的目的在于收集分析有关钙通道阻滞剂治疗糖尿病并发高血压患者的资料，评价钙通道阻滞剂的作用。     

钙通道阻滞剂与瘢痕治疗

钙离子作为细胞内一种重要离子 ,直接参与细胞兴奋———收缩偶联过程和以三磷酸肌醇 (ＩＰ3 ) ,二酰甘油 (ＤＧ)为第二信使的信息传导过程 ,与许多的细胞事件如核膜崩解 ,染色质浓缩和细胞分裂有关。细胞内钙水平的调节通过以下途径实现 :钙离子通道 (受体调控和电压依赖性 ) ,钠钙交换 ,钙泵以及细胞内部的钙摄取与释放 (线粒体和肌浆网等 )。现有的钙通道阻滞剂都作用于电压依赖性和钙通道 ,能抑制细胞外液钙离子内流 ,使细胞内钙离子浓度降低而发挥生物学效应。应用钙通道阻滞剂治疗高血压虽已有 2 0余年 ,但 1992年Ｌｅｅ[1] 才首先报…     

钙通道阻滞剂对肾脏保护作用的研究现状

钙通道阻滞剂为广泛应用的降压药，其对肾脏的保护作用尚有争议。本文综述了近几年来有关报道，并对不同研究结果进行了初步分析。     

钙通道阻滞剂对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠血液流变学的影响

目的探讨钙通道阻滞剂对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)血液流变学的影响.方法Wistar大鼠45只,随机分为A组,假手术组;B组,SAP组;C组,钙通道阻滞剂治疗组.观察各组血液流变学、酶学、胰腺及肺、肾的病理学改变.结果SAP时低切下全血粘度为(9.5±0.7)、红细胞聚集指数为(2.54±0.14)、红细胞刚性指数为(4.53±0.18),胰腺及胰外器官病理损害严重;治疗组上述各血液流变学指标分别为(7.8±0.5)、(2.17±0.12)、(4.01±0.13),与SAP组比较P值均＜0.05,胰腺及胰外器官的病理损害程度明显减轻(P＜0.05),且血液流变学异常与胰腺病理损害程度呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论钙通道阻滞剂能有效地改善SAP大鼠血液流变学异常,减轻胰腺及胰外器官的病理损害.     

Calcium channel blockers and prostate cancer

The relationship between calcium channel blockers and prostate cancer has been an area of increased interest to investigators. Calcium channel blockers have been shown to influence cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Clinically, the association between calcium channel blockers and the development of prostate cancer has been controversial. However, on a basic science level, there is evidence that calcium channel blockers induce cytotoxicity in androgen receptor positive cell lines and may offer an innovative strategy for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.     

The effect of calcium channel blockers on stone regrowth and recurrence after shock wave lithotripsy

We evaluated the possible effects of a calcium entry blocking agent “verapamil” on new stone formation and/or regrowth of residual fragments after shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) during long-term follow-up (>30 months) and compared the results with the success rates of adequate fluid intake. A total of 70 patients treated with SWL were randomly divided into three different groups, in the first two of which the patients received different preventive measures with respect to stone recurrence and/or regrowth. While 25 patients received a calcium channel blocking agent, verapamil hydrochloride, beginning 3 days before SWL and continued 4 weeks after the procedure, an additional 25 patients were put in an enforced fluid intake program and the remaining 20 patients received no specific medication and/or measure apart from close follow-up. Patients were followed regularly with respect to the clearance/regrowth of the residual fragments and that of new stone formation during long-term follow-up (within a mean follow-up of 30.4 months). The overall stone recurrence rate was 14% (10/70). Of the patients who became stone free (12/25, 48%) in group I, only one patient (1/12, 8.3%) showed a new stone formation during long-term follow-up. The figure was 40% (4/10) in group II patients and 55% (5/9) in group III patients receiving no specific medication. Regarding the residual stone fragments (<5 mm) after SWL, again high fluid intake was found to be the most effective on stone regrowth rates (2/13, 15.3%). Patients treated with verapamil also had acceptable regrowth rates (3/15, 20%). Finally, verapamil treatment significantly improved the clearance of residual fragments; while 7 out of 15 patients with residual fragments passed these particles successfully, (46.5%) in this group; these figures were 46% (6/13) and 18% (2/13) in the remaining groups. Residual fragments located in lower calyces demonstrated a poor clearance rate with higher regrowth rates. Verapamil administration was found to be effective enough to limit the regrowth of residual fragments and also to facilitate residual fragment clearance after SWL. Patients receiving this medication seemed to pass the retained fragments easily in a shorter time than the others.     

The effects of calcium channel blockers on random skin flap survival in the pig model

Summary This study was designed to evaluate the influence of two calcium channel blockers, verapamil and nifedipine, on skin flap survival. These agents were selected because they inhibit the passage of calcium through calcium selective channels in the plasma membrane, thereby blocking calcium mediated electromechanical coupling in contractile tissue and resulting in peripheral arterial vasodilation. Three groups of pigs were used in this study. All skin flaps in this study were 3 cm wide and 12 cm long. The first group (10 flaps) served as controls with no pharmacologic manipulations. Pigs in group II (15 flaps) received verapamil (80 mg orally, three times a day) for 7 days postoperatively. Pigs in group III (15 flaps) received nifedipine (10 mg orally, three times a day) for 7 days postoperatively. Statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that both verapamil and nifedipine resulted in significant enhancement of skin flap survival. The increased survival of the skin flaps produced by nifedipine as compared to verapamil was statistically significant.This study is supported in part by PHS Research Grant DE00853 from the National Institute of Dental Research     

钙通道阻滞剂对未成熟心肌的保护作用

目的 观察钙通道阻滞剂对未成熟心肌的保护效果。方法 使用改良的非再循环式Langendorff离体心灌注装置，比较未使用盐酸尼卡地平和分别在缺血前，低温缺血停跳时，复灌初期3个不同时间给与盐酸尼卡地平者的心功能和心肌酶变化，测定缺血后心肌ATP，总钙含量，心肌含水量，观察心肌和冠状动脉内皮细胞结构的变化。结果 实验组的各项指标及对心肌及血管内皮结构保护明显优于对照组，实验组间差别无显著性意义。结论 使用钙通道阻滞剂可以对未成熟心肌产生良好的保护作用。     

钙通道阻滞药对人肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的观察钙通道阻滞药维拉帕米对人肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法对切除肝叶或肝段的患者 ,肝门阻断前经胃网膜右静脉缓慢推注维拉帕米 5mg/ 2ml。结果术后实验组血清酶 (GPT、GOT)和血清吲哚氰绿滞留试验 (ICGR15)的升高幅度、以及动脉血酮体比值 (AKBR)的降低幅度均明显低于对照组 ,且复常时间早 ;肝门阻断后 ,对照组肝细胞内游离钙定量为 (2 99± 32 )nmol/L ,实验组为 (2 14± 41)nmol/L ,组间差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1) ;光学显微镜检查 ,实验组肝细胞病理损伤程度比对照组轻。结论肝门阻断前经门静脉应用钙通道阻滞剂对人肝脏缺血再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用     

The interaction of the calcium channel blockers verapamil and nifedipine with cyclosporin A in pediatric renal transplant patients

The elimination of cyclosporin A was assessed in eight pediatric renal transplant patients who received calcium channel blockers concomitantly with their immunosuppressive therapy. In three children, verapamil decreased the rate of elimination of cyclosporin A. In five children who received nifedipine, cyclosporin A elimination was also impaired, which contrasts with the reports in adult patients indicating that this calcium channel blocker has no effect on cyclosporin A elimination. When both calcium channel blockers were used on separate occasions in the same patient, nifedipine was less potent than verapamil in depressing cyclosporin A elimination. Although the number of subjects studied is small, these results likely indicate that nifedipine, as well as other calcium channel blocking drugs, must be used with caution in pediatric renal transplant patients.     

钙拮抗剂对环孢素A所致药物性牙龈增生的协同作用

目的 探讨钙拮抗剂对环孢素A(CsA)所致药物性牙龈增生的协同作用.方法 130例服用CsA的肾移植受者,根据术后是否联合使用钙拮抗剂,分为钙拮抗剂组和未使用钙拮抗剂(对照组),记录和分析两组受者的年龄、性别、牙周指数、牙龈增生情况及严重程度、服用CsA的时间和剂量、血CsA浓度及血清肌酐等临床指标,并对牙龈增生者与牙龈未增生者进行进一步分析;分析使用不同钙拮抗剂者牙龈增生的发生率和严重程度.结果 钙拮抗剂组牙龈增生发生率为60%(44/73),显著高于对照组的39%(22/57,P＜0.05);钙拮抗剂组轻度牙龈增生受者的比例为37%,显著高于对照组的19%(P＜0.05);两组发生中、重度牙龈增生受者的比例差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组受者中,牙龈增生者的牙龈菌斑指数和乳头出血指数均显著高于牙龈未增生者(P＜0.05),牙龈菌斑指数和乳头出血指数与牙龈增生严重程度呈正相关(P＜0.01).联合使用硝苯地平的受者,其牙龈增生发生率(77%)高于使用氨氯地平(57%)和非洛地平(50%)的受者.结论 联合使用钙拮抗剂对CsA所致药物性牙龈增生具有明显的协同作用;服用CsA的肾移植受者应避免使用硝苯地平以防止可能发生的牙龈增生.