颈动脉分叉处支架置入术后严重持续性低血压的危险因素

目的 分析颈动脉分叉处支架置入术后严重持续性低血压的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2014年10月至2022年4月山东第一医科大学第一附属医院神经内科177例(181处病变)颈动脉分叉处狭窄并接受支架置入术患者术后严重持续性低血压的危险因素。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归法分析术后严重持续性低血压的危险因素。结果 177例患者术后严重持续性低血压的发生率为53.1%。单因素分析显示,支架直径较大、术中应用阿托品、球囊扩张直径>5 mm、偏心狭窄和狭窄程度较重是颈动脉分叉处支架置入术后严重持续性低血压的危险因素。多因素分析显示,术中应用阿托品、球囊扩张直径>5 mm和狭窄程度较重是颈动脉分叉处支架置入术后严重持续性低血压的独立危险因素。结论 颈动脉分叉处支架置入术后发生血流动力学损害是常见的并发症,术中应用阿托品、球囊扩张直径>5 mm和狭窄程度较重是颈动脉分叉处支架置入术后严重持续性低血压的独立危险因素。     

支架置人术治疗颈部动脉狭窄的临床分析

目的：总结我院9例颈部动脉支架置入术治疗颈部动脉狭窄的经验。方法：2008年9月至2010年5月对我院9例颈部动脉狭窄〉70％的患者,行颅外段颈部动脉狭窄支架置人术,其中1例颈内动脉高度狭窄患者使用保护伞装置后置入支架,2例进行球囊预扩张,6例在支架释放后扩张;其中2例发生颈动脉窦反应,1例发生高灌注综合征,给予控制血压及对症治疗后痊愈,无严重并发症发生,且围手术期给予抗血小板聚集药物等治疗。结果：9例患者共置入9枚支架,手术成功率100％,血流通畅,支架形态良好,颅内血供良好。随访半年血管未再发生狭窄。结论：颈部动脉成形和支架置人术是治疗颈部动脉狭窄的一种新兴、微创、有效及安全性高的治疗方法,疗效肯定,应用前景广阔。     

颈动脉支架置入术后眼部血流变化的研究

目的:探讨颈动脉支架置入术对眼部血流的影响.方法:选取经彩色多普勒及DSA检查明确诊断的颈动脉狭窄并行颈动脉支架置入术的颈动脉狭窄患者16例(男性11例、女性5例),于颈动脉支架置入术术前、术后第3d行眼部血管超声检查,对比颈动脉狭窄患者眼动脉、视网膜中央动脉的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)值,舒张末期速度(EDV)值.结果:16例行颈动脉支架置入术患者手术后的眼动脉、视网膜中央动脉的收缩期血流峰值流速(PSV)和舒张末期速度(EDV)值较手术前均有增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:血流动力学分析表明颈动脉狭窄患者行颈动脉支架置入术后眼部血流有所改善.     

椎动脉起始部狭窄患者行球囊预扩张对选择支架型号的影响

目的探究球囊预扩张在椎动脉起始部狭窄患者选择支架型号的影响。方法选择2017年1月至2020年12月在台州市第一人民医院行椎动脉起始部支架植入术患者69例。测量并比较球囊预扩张前椎动脉起始部狭窄远端血管直径（预扩张前直径）和球囊预扩张后椎动脉起始部狭窄远端血管直径（预扩张后直径）,根据预扩张前直径和预扩张后直径是否发生变化,将患者分为直径变化组和直径无变化组,对比两组一般资料。根据预扩张前直径选择的支架型号为预扩张前支架型号,预扩张后直径选择的支架型号为预扩张后支架型号。根据预扩张前、后支架型号是否不同,分为支架型号变化组和支架型号无变化组。对比两组一般资料及预扩张前直径＜4mm患者占比的差异。测量球囊预扩张前椎动脉起始部狭窄率并分为椎动脉起始部狭窄率50％～＜80％和椎动脉起始部狭窄率80％～99％两组,对比两组支架型号变化患者占比和测量直径变化患者占比的差异。采用logistic回归分析选择支架型号的影响因素。结果患者预扩张后直径为（4.35±0.79）mm大于预扩张前直径（4.19±0.82）mm,差异有统计学意义（t=-9.16,P＜0.01）。支架型号变化组预扩张前直径＜4mm患者占比多于支架型号无变化组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。80％～99％组支架型号变化患者占比＞50％～＜80％组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。回归分析提示,球囊预扩张前椎动脉起始部狭窄远端血管直径＜4mm和椎动脉起始部狭窄率80％～99％是支架型号变化的危险因素（均P＜0.05）。结论球囊预扩张后椎动脉起始部狭窄后远端血管直径测量值增大,对球囊预扩张前椎动脉起始部狭窄后远端血管直径＜4mm或椎动脉起始部狭窄率80％～99％的患者选择支架型号更有指导意义。     

血管内支架治疗鼻咽癌放疗后颈部血管狭窄闭塞病变的效果

目的 探讨血管内支架置人术治疗鼻咽癌放疗后的颈动脉狭窄或闭塞病变的疗效.方法 对3例鼻咽癌患者放疗后出现严重动脉狭窄或闭塞病变的颈部血管行球囊成形术及支架置入术并进行随访.结果3例患者均为男性,其中1例为双侧颈动脉闭塞,进行了一侧颈动脉闭塞病变再通术;1例为双侧颈动脉重度狭窄,进行了左侧颈动脉支架成形术;1例右颈内动脉起始段严重狭窄,左侧颈动脉闭塞,对右侧颈动脉严重狭窄处进行了血管内支架治疗;经过随访并未发现有支架内再狭窄.结论 血管内支架置人术是治疗鼻咽癌放疗后颈部血管重度狭窄或闭塞病变的有效手段.     

冠心病介入治疗术中冠脉缺血预适应对IMA的影响

目的观察冠脉介入治疗术中冠脉缺血预适应对缺血修饰蛋白的影响,探讨缺血修饰蛋白改变对球囊预扩张产生缺血预处理效应的评价意义。方法随机入选60例行冠状动脉造影术的病人,分成行冠脉支架置入手术伴球囊扩张的治疗组(冠脉狭窄程度≥75%)和单纯冠脉造影的对照组(冠脉狭窄程度<75%)。治疗组术中对靶血管的病变行球囊扩张,完全阻断冠脉血流1min,分别测定第1次球囊扩张前5min与扩张后5min及支架置入后5min时的缺血修饰蛋白的水平,对照组测定术前术后的缺血修饰蛋白水平。治疗组所有病人均在连续3次持续1min球囊扩张后再置入支架。结果第1次球囊扩张前5min、球囊扩张后5min、支架置入术后5min时的IMA水平分别为77.09±13.85、90.69±23.34、82.84±21.88U/ml。支架置入术后5min时的IMA水平显著低于第1次球囊扩张后5min时(P=0.026),而支架置入术后5min时的IMA水平与第1次球囊扩张前5min时无显著差异(P=0.150);对照组造影手术前后IMA无明显改变(P=0.70)。结论一过性心肌缺血可以导致IMA水平迅速升高,但反复球囊预扩张或多次发生一过性心肌缺血会诱导缺血预适应反应,可能导致IMA水平回落,甚至恢复至基线水平。     

颈动脉支架置入术并发高灌注综合征的研究

目的 研究探讨颈动脉支架置入术高灌注综合征的发生与年龄、收缩压和血管狭窄程度的相关性。 方法 选取2011年1月—2015年12月在陆军军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所神经内科行颈动脉支架置入术的257例患者为研究对象,术前行经颅多普勒超声检查了解患者脑血流基本情况,术后1、12、24 h再行床旁TCD检查和术前的检查结果进行对比,根据TCD检查结果将257例患者分为CHS组13例为研究组和无CHS组244例为对照组,分析颈动脉支架置入术后高灌注综合征的发生与年龄、收缩压和血管狭窄程度的相关性。 结果 颈动脉支架置入术后高灌注综合征的发生率为5.1%(13/257),随着年龄的增加、收缩压的增高、血管狭窄程度的增大,CHS的发生率逐渐增高(χ2=17.973、24.357、23.488,均P<0.001)。 结论 高灌注综合征是颈动脉支架置入术后少见但严重的并发症,高龄、收缩压≥170 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、血管狭窄程度≥90%的患者更易发生。临床工作中应密切观察患者的血压变化情况,严格控制好血压,特别是高龄、血管高度狭窄的患者,是预防和减少高灌注综合征发生的护理要点。      

症状性颅外颈动脉狭窄的危险因素分析

目的探讨症状性颅外颈动脉狭窄的分布及其危险因素,为脑梗死及颅外颈动脉狭窄的防治提供客观依据。方法 129例症状性颅外颈动脉狭窄患者(狭窄组)采用超声及影像学检查证实存在单纯颅外颈动脉动脉粥样硬化性狭窄;选择同期住院的经超声及影像学检查证实无颅内、外动脉狭窄的124例缺血性卒中患者作为对照组。统计血管狭窄的分布,比较2组之间各危险因素之间的差异,分析症状性颅外颈动脉狭窄的危险因素。结果狭窄部位以颈内动脉最为常见(63.8%),其次为颈总动脉(34.5%)和颈外动脉(1.7%)。狭窄组中糖尿病及吸烟患者所占比例高于对照组(P<0.01);Logistic多元回归分析显示糖尿病(OR=3.437,95%CI=1.799～6.566,P=0.000)和吸烟(OR=2.406,95%CI=1.258～4.604,P=0.008)是症状性颅外颈动脉狭窄的独立危险因素。结论颅外颈动脉狭窄中以颈内动脉狭窄最为常见,吸烟、糖尿病是症状性颅外颈动脉狭窄的危险因素。     

直接冠状动脉支架置入术研究现状

标准冠状动脉内支架置入术 ,要求用球囊预先扩张狭窄部位 ,使支架易于通过 ,再置入支架。近年来 ,临床医生开始采用直接支架置入术 (directstenting ,DS) ,其特点是在支架置入前 ,不用球囊预先扩张冠状动脉狭窄部位[1,2 ] 。研究发现 ,在很多情况下 ,DS优于预扩张后置入支架术     

支架置入术治疗颈动脉狭窄80例临床分析

目的分析总结血管内支架置入术治疗颈动脉狭窄的疗效和安全性.方法本组80例患者经颈部超声检查、MRI及全脑血管造影确诊颈动脉狭窄,经股动脉入路应用血管内支架置入术.结果80例患者手术均成功,颈动脉狭窄得到有效改善,临床缺血症状术后得到明显改善,短期随访6个月未出现新发脑卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作,随访2年末发现明显颈内动脉支架部位再狭窄,支架形态无改变.结论颈内动脉支架置入术是治疗颈内动脉狭窄安全、有效的方法.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.