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1.
Shih-Wei Lai Kuan-Fu Liao Hsueh-Chou Lai Pang-Yao Tsai Cheng-Li Lin Pei-Chun Chen Fung-Chang Sung 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2013,23(2):109-114
Background
We investigated the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the risk of major osteoporotic fracture in Taiwan.Methods
Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database for the period 2000–2007, we classified 43 874 patients aged 50 years or older with newly diagnosed CVD (coronary artery disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral atherosclerosis) as the CVD group and 43 874 subjects without CVD (frequency-matched by sex, age, and date selected) as the non-CVD group. Incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) for major osteoporotic fracture of the spine, hip, humerus, and forearm/wrist were estimated for the period until the end of 2010.Results
After adjustment for confounders, the overall HRs for major osteoporotic fracture were 1.24 (95% CI = 1.13, 1.36) in men with CVD and 1.18 (95% CI = 1.11, 1.25) in women with CVD, as compared with the non-CVD group. As compared with the non-CVD group, the adjusted HR for major osteoporotic fracture was highest among subjects with cerebrovascular disease (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.23, 1.39), followed by those with heart failure (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.11, 1.27), peripheral atherosclerosis (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.04, 1.20), and coronary artery disease (HR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01, 1.12).Conclusions
CVD is associated with risk of major osteoporotic fracture in men and women in Taiwan.Key words: atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, fracture, heart failure 相似文献2.
Imako Kondo Toshiyuki Ojima Mieko Nakamura Shinya Hayasaka Atsushi Hozawa Shigeyuki Saitoh Hirofumi Ohnishi Hiroshi Akasaka Takehito Hayakawa Yoshitaka Murakami Nagako Okuda Katsuyuki Miura Akira Okayama Hirotsugu Ueshima 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2013,23(1):47-54
Background
Recent Western studies show an inverse association between milk and dairy product intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We studied the association between consumption of milk and dairy products and CVD death in Japan.Methods
Men and women aged 30 years or older were followed for 24 years. All had participated in a national nutrition survey in 300 health districts throughout Japan in 1980. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess mortality risk according to tertiles of milk and dairy product intake, with the high consumption group as reference. Hazard ratios (HRs) per 100-g/day increase in consumption were also estimated.Results
During the 24-year follow-up period, there were 893 CVD deaths, 174 deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD), and 417 stroke deaths among 9243 participants. For women, the HRs for death from CVD, CHD, and stroke in the low consumption group were 1.27 (95% CI: 0.99–1.58; P for trend = 0.045), 1.67 (0.99–2.80; P = 0.02), and 1.34 (0.94–1.90; P = 0.08), respectively, after adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking habits, history of diabetes, use of antihypertensives, work category, and total energy intake. With each 100-g/day increase in consumption of milk and dairy products, HRs tended to decrease for deaths from CVD (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–0.99), CHD (0.73; 0.52–1.03), and stroke (0.81; 0.65–1.01) in women. No significant association was observed in men.Conclusions
Consumption of milk and dairy products was inversely associated with CVD death among women in Japan.Key words: dairy products, cardiovascular disease, mortality, blood pressure, coronary heart disease 相似文献3.
Asghari G Hosseinpanah F Nazeri P Mirmiran P Hajsheikholeslami F Azizi F 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2012,22(4):348-352
Background
We assessed the relationship between height and coronary heart disease (CHD) in an urban population of Tehran.Methods
4110 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study who were 40 years of age or older (1880 men and 2230 women; mean age, 55.1 and 53.0 years, respectively) and free of CHD at baseline were followed for a mean of 9.1 years. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate the risk of a first CHD event across height tertiles.Results
First CHD events occurred in 239 men and 172 women. The estimated crude HR (95% CI) for CHD events associated with an increment of 1 SD in height was 0.96 (0.28–3.33) in men and 0.84 (0.72–0.97) in women. After adjustment for age, the associations were no longer present. Further adjustment for other confounders had little impact on the results: the HR (95% CI) associated with an increase of 1 SD in height was 1.02 (0.87–1.20) in men and 0.82 (0.66–1.02) in women.Conclusions
After adjustment for age, height was not associated with CHD incidence in men or women.Key words: height, coronary heart disease, cohort study 相似文献4.
Wen Zhang Hiroyasu Iso Tetsuya Ohira Chigusa Date Naohito Tanabe Shogo Kikuchi Akiko Tamakoshi the JACC Study Group 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2012,22(6):484-493
Background
We investigated the relationship between dietary iron intake and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a population-based sample of Japanese adults.Methods
The study cohort consisted of 58 615 healthy Japanese (23 083 men and 35 532 women), aged between 40 and 79 years, who had no history of stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), or cancer at baseline. Dietary iron intake was assessed at baseline by a validated food frequency questionnaire administered between 1988 and 1990 as part of the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study.Results
We documented 2690 (1343 men and 1347 women) deaths from CVD: 1227 (607 men and 620 women) deaths from total stroke, 651 from ischemic stroke (355 men and 296 women), 459 (196 men and 263 women) from hemorrhagic stroke, and 557 (311 men and 246 women) from CHD. Dietary intake of total iron was positively associated with mortality from total and ischemic stroke and total CVD in men. The multivariable hazard ratio for the highest versus the lowest quintile of total iron intake was 1.43 (95% CI, 1.02–2.00; P for trend = 0.009) for total stroke and 1.27 (1.01–1.58; 0.023) for total CVD in men. Dietary total iron intake was not associated with mortality from other endpoints in men, and was not associated with any endpoints in women.Conclusions
Dietary intake of total iron was positively associated with mortality from stroke and total CVD in Japanese men.Key words: dietary iron, mortality, stroke, coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, follow-up studies 相似文献5.
Seung Hyun Ma Bo-Young Park Jae Jeong Yang En-Joo Jung Yohwan Yeo Yungi Whang Soung-Hoon Chang Hai-Rim Shin Daehee Kang Keun-Young Yoo Sue Kyung Park 《Yebang Ŭihakhoe chi》2012,45(6):394-401
Objectives
Diabetes and obesity each increases mortality, but recent papers have shown that lean Asian persons were at greater risk for mortality than were obese persons. The objective of this study is to determine whether an interaction exists between body mass index (BMI) and diabetes, which can modify the risk of death by cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods
Subjects who were over 20 years of age, and who had information regarding BMI, past history of diabetes, and fasting blood glucose levels (n=16 048), were selected from the Korea Multi-center Cancer Cohort study participants. By 2008, a total of 1290 participants had died; 251 and 155 had died of CVD and stroke, respectively. The hazard for deaths was calculated with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) by Cox proportional hazard model.Results
Compared with the normal population, patients with diabetes were at higher risk for CVD and stroke deaths (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.56; HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.76; respectively). Relative to subjects with no diabetes and normal BMI (21 to 22.9 kg/m2), lean subjects with diabetes (BMI <21 kg/m2) had a greater risk for CVD and stroke deaths (HR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.57 to 5.09; HR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.58 to 6.76; respectively), while obese subjects with diabetes (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) had no increased death risk (p-interaction <0.05). This pattern was consistent in sub-populations with no incidence of hypertension.Conclusions
This study suggests that diabetes in lean people is more critical to CVD deaths than it is in obese people. 相似文献6.
Yejin Mok Soyoung Won Heejin Kimm Chungmo Nam Heechoul Ohrr Sun Ha Jee 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2012,22(6):494-500
Background
Physical activity decreases deaths from cardiovascular disease and other causes; however, it is unclear whether physical activity is associated with cancer incidence and death in Asian populations.Methods
Data from 59 636 Koreans aged 30 to 93 years were collected using a questionnaire and medical examination at the Severance Hospital Health Promotion Center between 1994 and 2004. Study participants were followed for a mean duration of 10.3 years.Results
In the exercising group, the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed a lower risk of cancer death (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.62–0.85) in men but not in women. Those who exercised, as compared with those who did not, had lower risks of all-cause death (men: HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.60–0.76; women: HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53–0.79) and noncancer death (men: 0.63, 0.53–0.75; women: 0.52, 0.39–0.69). Physical activity was inversely associated with risk of noncancer death among men and women.Conclusions
Physical activity was associated with lower risks of cancer death and noncancer death.Key words: physical activity, cancer, death, metabolic equivalent of task 相似文献7.
Hajime Iwasa Ichiro Kai Yuko Yoshida Takao Suzuki Hunkyung Kim Hideyo Yoshida 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2014,24(1):52-59
Background
Cognitive function is an important contributor to health among elderly adults. One reliable measure of cognitive functioning is information processing speed, which can predict incident dementia and is longitudinally related to the incidence of functional dependence. Few studies have examined the association between information processing speed and mortality. This 8-year prospective cohort study design with mortality surveillance examined the longitudinal relationship between information processing speed and all-cause mortality among community-dwelling elderly Japanese.Methods
A total of 440 men and 371 women aged 70 years or older participated in this study. The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) was used to assess information processing speed. DSST score was used as an independent variable, and age, sex, education level, depressive symptoms, chronic disease, sensory deficit, instrumental activities of daily living, walking speed, and cognitive impairment were used as covariates.Results
During the follow-up period, 182 participants (133 men and 49 women) died. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that lower DSST score was associated with increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.62, 95% CI = 0.97–2.72; HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.05–2.87; and HR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.51–4.29, for the third, second, and first quartiles of DSST score, respectively).Conclusions
Slower information processing speed was associated with shorter survival among elderly Japanese.Key words: all-cause mortality, cognition, community elderly, information processing speed 相似文献8.
Yukako Tatsumi Makoto Watanabe Yoshihiro Kokubo Kunihiro Nishimura Aya Higashiyama Tomonori Okamura Akira Okayama Yoshihiro Miyamoto 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2013,23(5):351-359
Background
Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has been shown to be a useful screening tool for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated the association of WHtR with CVD incidence by age group.Methods
We conducted a 13.0-year cohort study of Japanese adults (2600 men and 2888 women) with no history of CVD. WHtR was calculated as waist circumference (cm) (WC) divided by height (cm). We stratified participants by sex and age group (30–49, 50–69, ≥70 years). Using the Cox proportional hazards model, we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for CVD in relation to WHtR quartile for participants aged 50 to 69 years and 70 years or older.Results
Men aged 50 to 69 years in the highest quartile had significantly increased risks of CVD and coronary heart disease as compared with the lowest quartile; the HRs (95% CI) were 1.82 (1.13–2.92) and 2.42 (1.15–5.12), respectively. Women aged 50 to 69 years in the highest quartile had a significantly increased risk of stroke (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.01–5.85). No significant results were observed in men or women aged 70 years or older. The likelihood ratio test showed that the predictive value of WHtR was greater than that of WC among men aged 50 to 69 years.Conclusions
The association between WHtR and CVD risk differed among age groups. WHtR was useful in identifying middle-aged Japanese at higher risk of CVD and was a better predictor than WC of CVD, especially in men.Key words: waist-to-height ratio, age difference, cardiovascular disease 相似文献9.
Long-Gang Zhao Hong-Lan Li Jiang-Wei Sun Yang Yang Xiao Ma Xiao-Ou Shu Wei Zheng Yong-Bing Xiang 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2017,27(1):36-41
Background
Green tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages in Asia. While a possible protective role of green tea against various chronic diseases has been suggested in experimental studies, evidence from human studies remains controversial.Methods
We conducted this study using data from Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS) and Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS), two population-based prospective cohorts of middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults in urban Shanghai, China. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with green tea intake were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results
During a median follow-up of 8.3 and 14.2 years for men and women, respectively, 6517 (2741 men and 3776 women) deaths were documented. We found that green tea consumption was inversely associated with risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90–1.01), particularly among never-smokers (HR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82–0.96). The inverse association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (HR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77–0.97) was slightly stronger than that with all-cause mortality. No significant association was observed between green tea intake and cancer mortality (HR 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93–1.10).Conclusions
Green tea consumption may be inversely associated with risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults, especially among never smokers. 相似文献10.
Atsuko Sadakane Tadao Gotoh Shizukiyo Ishikawa Yosikazu Nakamura Kazunori Kayaba 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2009,19(3):107-115
Background
Lower mortality has been reported in light-to-moderate alcohol drinkers. We examined the association between the amount and frequency of alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality in a Japanese population.Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study among 8934 Japanese people (3444 men and 5490 women) who completed a baseline survey between 1992 and 1995. We confirmed the date and cause of death by referring to death certificates. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effect of alcohol consumption on risk for all-cause mortality, after adjustment for potential confounding factors.Results
We identified 637 (397 men and 240 women) deaths during the 12.0 years of mean follow-up. Among men, as compared with non-drinkers, the relative risk was higher in ex-drinkers (hazard ratio [HR], 1.18), lower in light drinkers (HR, 0.95) and moderate drinkers (HR, 0.91), and significantly higher in heavy drinkers (HR, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–2.55). Among women, light, moderate, and heavy drinkers were grouped into current drinkers. The relative risk was slightly higher in current drinkers (HR, 1.23), and that in ex-drinkers was near 1.0 (HR, 0.97). In stratified analysis, the harmful effects of heavy drinking were more severe among male smokers and younger men. In terms of frequency, men who drank only on special occasions had the highest mortality (HR, 1.28), regardless of alcohol intake per drinking session.Conclusions
In men, a near J-shaped association was identified between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality. Both the amount and frequency of alcohol consumption were related to mortality.Key words: cohort studies, alcohol drinking, mortality, Japan 相似文献11.
Toshiaki Kawachi Keiko Wada Kozue Nakamura Michiko Tsuji Takashi Tamura Kie Konishi Chisato Nagata 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2016,26(3):123-130
Background
Few studies have assessed the associations between sleep duration and stroke subtypes. We examined whether sleep duration is associated with mortality from total stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke in a population-based cohort of Japanese men and women.Methods
Subjects included 12 875 men and 15 021 women aged 35 years or older in 1992, who were followed until 2008. The outcome variable was stroke death (ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and total stroke).Results
During follow-up, 611 stroke deaths (354 from ischemic stroke, 217 from hemorrhagic stroke, and 40 from undetermined stroke) were identified. Compared with 7 h of sleep, ≥9 h of sleep was significantly associated with an increased risk of total stroke and ischemic stroke mortality after controlling for covariates. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 1.51 (95% CI, 1.16–1.97) and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.16–2.35) for total stroke mortality and ischemic stroke mortality, respectively. Short sleep duration (≤6 h of sleep) was associated with a decreased risk of mortality from total stroke (HR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59–1.01), although this association was of borderline significance (P = 0.06). The trends for total stroke and ischemic stroke mortality were also significant (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0002, respectively). There was a significant risk reduction of hemorrhagic stroke mortality for ≤6 h of sleep as compared with 7 h of sleep (HR 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42–0.98; P for trend = 0.08). The risk reduction was pronounced for men (HR 0.31; 95% CI, 0.16–0.64).Conclusions
Data suggest that longer sleep duration is associated with increased mortality from total and ischemic stroke. Short sleep duration may be associated with a decreased risk of mortality from hemorrhagic stroke in men.Key words: sleep duration, cardiovascular, stroke, ischemic stroke, cohort studies 相似文献12.
En-Joo Jung Aesun Shin Sue K. Park Seung-Hyun Ma In-Seong Cho Boyoung Park Eun-Ha Lee Soung-Hoon Chang Hai-Rim Shin Daehee Kang Keun-Young Yoo 《Yebang Ŭihakhoe chi》2012,45(5):301-308
Objectives
To examine the association between alcohol consumption habit, types of beverages, alcohol consumption quantity, and overall and cancer-specific mortality among Korean adults.Methods
The alcohol consumption information of a total of 16 320 participants who were 20 years or older from the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort were analyzed to examine the association between alcohol consumption habit and mortality (median follow-up of 9.3 years). The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of alcohol consumption to mortality adjusting for age, sex, geographic areas, education, smoking status, and body mass index.Results
Alcohol drinkers showed an increased risk for total mortality compared with never drinkers (HR, 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38 to 2.14 for past drinkers; HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.39 for current drinkers), while past drinkers only were associated with higher risk for cancer deaths (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.34 to 2.53). The quantity of alcohol consumed per week showed a J-shaped association with risk of mortality. Relative to light drinkers (0.01 to 90 g/wk), never drinkers and heavy drinkers (>504 g/wk) had an increased risk for all-cause and cancer deaths: (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.45) and (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.83) for all-cause mortality; and (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.11) and (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.39 to 3.09) for all cancer mortality, respectively. Heavy drinkers (>504 g/wk) showed an elevated risk for death from stomach and liver cancers.Conclusions
The present study supports the existence of a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption quantity and the risk of all-cause and cancer deaths. Heavy drinkers had an increased risk of death from cancer overall and liver and stomach cancer. 相似文献13.
Nago N Ishikawa S Goto T Kayaba K 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2011,21(1):67-74
Background
We investigated the relationship between low cholesterol and mortality and examined whether that relationship differs with respect to cause of death.Methods
A community-based prospective cohort study was conducted in 12 rural areas in Japan. The study subjects were 12 334 healthy adults aged 40 to 69 years who underwent a mass screening examination. Serum total cholesterol was measured by an enzymatic method. The outcome was total mortality, by sex and cause of death. Information regarding cause of death was obtained from death certificates, and the average follow-up period was 11.9 years.Results
As compared with a moderate cholesterol level (4.14–5.17 mmol/L), the age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of low cholesterol (<4.14 mmol/L) for mortality was 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–1.79) in men and 1.50 (1.10–2.04) in women. High cholesterol (≥6.21 mmol/L) was not a risk factor. This association was unchanged in analyses that excluded deaths due to liver disease, which yielded age-adjusted HRs of 1.38 (95% CI, 1.13–1.67) in men and 1.49 (1.09–2.04) in women. The multivariate-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs of the lowest cholesterol group for hemorrhagic stroke, heart failure (excluding myocardial infarction), and cancer mortality significantly higher than those of the moderate cholesterol group, for each cause of death.Conclusions
Low cholesterol was related to high mortality even after excluding deaths due to liver disease from the analysis. High cholesterol was not a risk factor for mortality.Key words: low cholesterol, mortality, liver disease, stroke, heart disease, cohort study 相似文献14.
Ji Young Kim Young-Jin Ko Chul Woo Rhee Byung-Joo Park Dong-Hyun Kim Jong-Myon Bae Myung-Hee Shin Moo-Song Lee Zhong Min Li Yoon-Ok Ahn 《Yebang Ŭihakhoe chi》2013,46(6):319-328
Objectives
This study estimated the association of cardiovascular health behaviors with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in middle-aged men in Korea.Methods
In total, 12 538 men aged 40 to 59 years were enrolled in 1993 and followed up through 2011. Cardiovascular health metrics defined the following lifestyle behaviors proposed by the American Heart Association: smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diet habit score, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. The cardiovascular health metrics score was calculated as a single categorical variable, by assigning 1 point to each ideal healthy behavior. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio of cardiovascular health behavior. Population attributable risks (PARs) were calculated from the significant cardiovascular health metrics.Results
There were 1054 total and 171 CVD deaths over 230 690 person-years of follow-up. The prevalence of meeting all 7 cardiovascular health metrics was 0.67%. Current smoking, elevated blood pressure, and high fasting blood glucose were significantly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. The adjusted PARs for the 3 significant metrics combined were 35.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.7 to 47.4) and 52.8% (95% CI, 22.0 to 74.0) for all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios of the groups with a 6-7 vs. 0-2 cardiovascular health metrics score were 0.42 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.59) for all-cause mortality and 0.10 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.29) for CVD mortality.Conclusions
Among cardiovascular health behaviors, not smoking, normal blood pressure, and recommended fasting blood glucose levels were associated with reduced risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. Meeting a greater number of cardiovascular health metrics was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. 相似文献15.
Shinya Hayasaka Yosuke Shibata Shizukiyo Ishikawa Kazunori Kayaba Tadao Gotoh Tatsuya Noda Chiyoe Murata Tomoyo Yamada Yasuaki Goto Yosikazu Nakamura Toshiyuki Ojima 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2009,19(1):24-27
Background
In April 2008, a new health check-up and health guidance system was introduced by the Japanese Government to promote increased physical activity. However, few studies have documented the health benefits of physical activity in Asian populations. We examined the association between all-cause mortality and level of physical activity in a Japanese multicommunity population-based study.Methods
The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study is a multicommunity, population-based study based in 12 districts in Japan. Baseline data from 4222 men and 6609 women (mean age, 54.8 and 55.0 years, respectively) were collected between April 1992 and July 1995. The participants were followed for a mean duration of 11.9 years. To determine the association between all-cause mortality and level of physical activity, crude mortality rates per 1000 person-years and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined using the Cox proportional hazards model. Physical activity was categorized by using physical activity index (PAI) quartiles. The lowest (first) PAI quartile was defined as the HR reference.Results
In men, the lowest mortality rate was observed in the third quartile, with 95 deaths and a crude mortality rate of 7.6; the age- and area-adjusted HR was 0.59 (95% CI, 0.45–0.76), and the mortality curve had a reverse J shape. In women, the lowest mortality rate was observed in the highest PAI quartile, with 69 deaths and a crude mortality rate of 3.5; the HR was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.58–1.12).Conclusion
Our results suggest that increased physical activity lowers the risk for all-cause death in Japanese.Key words: all-cause mortality, cohort study, Japan, physical activity 相似文献16.
Donna R. Parker Bing Lu Megan Sands-Lincoln Candyce H. Kroenke Cathy C. Lee Mary O’Sullivan Hannah L. Park Nisha Parikh Robert S. Schenken Charles B. Eaton 《Annals of family medicine》2014,12(4):302-309
PURPOSE
Metabolic, hormonal, and hemostatic changes associated with pregnancy loss (stillbirth and miscarriage) may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. This study evaluated prospectively the association between a history of pregnancy loss and CVD in a cohort of postmenopausal women.METHODS
Postmenopausal women (77,701) were evaluated from 1993–1998. Information on baseline reproductive history, sociodemographic, and CVD risk factors were collected. The associations between 1 or 2 or more miscarriages and 1 or more stillbirths with occurrence of CVD were evaluated using multiple logistic regression.RESULTS
Among 77,701 women in the study sample, 23,538 (30.3%) reported a history of miscarriage; 1,670 (2.2%) reported a history of stillbirth; and 1,673 (2.2%) reported a history of both miscarriage and stillbirth. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for coronary heart disease (CHD) for 1 or more stillbirths was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.07–1.51) compared with no stillbirth; for women with a history of 1 miscarriage, the OR = 1.19 (95% CI, 1.08–1.32); and for 2 or more miscarriages the OR = 1.18 (95% CI, 1.04–1.34) compared with no miscarriage. For ischemic stroke, the multivariable odds ratio for stillbirths and miscarriages was not significant.CONCLUSIONS
Pregnancy loss was associated with CHD but not ischemic stroke. Women with a history of 1 or more stillbirths or 1 or more miscarriages appear to be at increased risk of future CVD and should be considered candidates for closer surveillance and/or early intervention; research is needed into better understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind the increased risk of CVD associated with pregnancy loss. 相似文献17.
Haidong Kan Gerardo Heiss Kathryn M. Rose Eric A. Whitsel Fred Lurmann Stephanie J. London 《Environmental health perspectives》2008,116(11):1463-1468
Background
For people living close to busy roads, traffic is a major source of air pollution. Few prospective data have been published on the effects of long-term exposure to traffic on the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD).Objectives
In this article, we examined the association between long-term traffic exposure and incidence of fatal and nonfatal CHD in a population-based prospective cohort study.Methods
We studied 13,309 middle-age men and women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, without previous CHD at enrollment, from 1987 to 1989 in four U.S. communities. Geographic information system–mapped traffic density and distance to major roads served as measures of traffic exposure. We examined the association between traffic exposure and incident CHD using proportional hazards regression models, with adjustment for background air pollution and a wide range of individual cardiovascular risk factors.Results
Over an average of 13 years of follow-up, 976 subjects developed CHD. Relative to those in the lowest quartile of traffic density, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) in the highest quartile was 1.32 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.65; p-value for trend across quartiles = 0.042]. When we treated traffic density as a continuous variable, the adjusted HR per one unit increase of log-transformed density was 1.03 (95% CI, 1.01–1.05; p = 0.006). For residents living within 300 m of major roads compared with those living farther away, the adjusted HR was 1.12 (95% CI, 0.95–1.32; p = 0.189). We found little evidence of effect modification for sex, smoking status, obesity, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, hypertension, age, or education.Conclusion
Higher long-term exposure to traffic is associated with incidence of CHD, independent of other risk factors. These prospective data support an effect of traffic-related air pollution on the development of CHD in middle-age persons. 相似文献18.
Lin Y Kikuchi S Tamakoshi K Wakai K Kondo T Niwa Y Yatsuya H Nishio K Suzuki S Tokudome S Yamamoto A Toyoshima H Mori M Tamakoshi A;Japan Collaborative Cohort Study Group for Evaluation of Cancer Risk 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2008,18(2):77-83
Background
Evidence is lacking regarding the relationship between cigarette smoking and breast cancer in Japanese women. We examined the association between breast cancer incidence and active and passive smoking in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk.Methods
Our study comprised 34,401 women aged 40-79 years who had not been diagnosed previously with breast cancer and who provided information on smoking status at baseline (1988-1990). The subjects were followed from enrollment until December 31, 2001. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between breast cancer incidence and tobacco smoke.Results
During 271,412 person-years of follow-up, we identified 208 incident cases of breast cancer. Active smoking did not increase the risk of breast cancer, with a HR for current smokers of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.32-1.38). Furthermore, an increased risk of breast cancer was not observed in current smokers who smoked a greater number of cigarettes each day. Overall, passive smoking at home or in public spaces was also not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among nonsmokers. Women who reported passive smoking during childhood had a statistically insignificant increase in risk (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.84-1.85), compared with those who had not been exposed during this time.Conclusion
Smoking may not be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in this cohort of Japanese women.Key words: Smoking, Breast Neoplasms, Risk, Cohort Studies 相似文献19.
Yoshihisa Fujino Ryuichi Tanaka Tatsuhiko Kubo Shinya Matsuda 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2013,23(1):41-46
Background
This cohort study examined the association between taxation categories of long-term care insurance premiums and survival among elderly Japanese.Methods
A total of 3000 participants aged 60 years or older were randomly recruited in Y City, Japan in 2002, of whom 2964 provided complete information for analysis. Information on income level, mobility status, medical status, and vital status of each participant was collected annually from 2002 to 2006. Follow-up surveys on survival were conducted until August 2007. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by a Cox model, using taxation categories at baseline. In these analyses, age-adjusted and age- and mobility-adjusted models were used.Results
A significantly higher mortality risk was seen only in the lowest taxation category among men: as compared with men in the second highest taxation category, the HR in the lowest category was 2.53 (95% CI, 1.26–5.08, P = 0.009). This significant association between taxation category and mortality was lost after adjustment for mobility. There was no other difference in mortality among taxation categories in men or women.Conclusions
The present findings only partly supported our hypothesis that taxation category is a good indicator of socioeconomic status in examining health inequalities among elderly Japanese.Key words: Japan, income, cohort study, aged, long-term care 相似文献20.
Hiroya Yamada Miyuki Kawado Norihiro Aoyama Shuji Hashimoto Koji Suzuki Kenji Wakai Sadao Suzuki Yoshiyuki Watanabe Akiko Tamakoshi the JACC Study Group 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2014,24(5):370-378