袖状血管蒂岛状皮瓣一期修复重度尿道下裂13例报告

自 1997年始 ,我们采用袖状血管蒂原位岛状皮瓣一期修复阴囊型和会阴型尿道下裂 13例 ,效果满意 ,现报告如下。资料与方法　本组 13例。年龄 3～ 16岁。阴囊型 6例 ,会阴型 7例。伴有阴茎阴囊转位者 4例。持续硬膜外麻醉下 ,置入 8～ 14F导尿管 ,距冠状沟 0 .8cm处环形切开包皮深达Buck筋膜。表面脱套至阴茎根部 ,纠正阴茎弯曲。沿尿道板两侧平行切开 ,近端绕尿道口后会合 ,呈U形。远端环绕包皮至背侧包皮内板于 12点处接合。使新尿道皮瓣呈Y形 ,宽 1.2～1.6cm ,两侧包皮瓣宽 0 .8cm(图 1a) ,包括尿道周围皮肤 ,尿道板 ,近冠状沟两侧阴茎…     

带蒂包皮双面皮瓣治疗小儿尿道下裂

目的 探讨带蒂包皮双面皮瓣尿道成形术(PPDIF)治疗小儿尿道下裂的适用范围和疗效.方法 尿道下裂患儿99例.年龄4个月～12岁,平均5.1岁.按Barcat分型:阴茎体型56例、阴茎阴囊型24例、阴囊型13例、会阴型6例.在Duckett术基础上,保留部分包皮外板皮肤连同成形尿道转移至腹侧,覆盖新生尿道. 结果 99例随访2年.术后发生尿瘘8例(8.1%)、尿道狭窄1例(1.0%)、皮瓣坏死1例(1.0%).手术总成功率89.9%(89/99).其中单纯应用PPDIF修复阴茎体型或阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂成功率91.2%(73/80),联合尿道口周围皮瓣(Duplay)术修复阴囊型或会阴型尿道下裂为84.2%(16/19). 结论 PPDIF适用于大多数小儿尿道下裂的治疗,术后外形美观.重度尿道下裂患儿联合Duplay矫正疗效肯定.     

阴茎背侧纵形带蒂皮瓣修复小儿尿道下裂38例临床分析

目的 总结阴茎背侧纵形带蒂皮瓣Ⅰ期修复小儿尿道下裂的经验.方法 1998年9月～2008年8月,对38例尿道下裂患儿采用阴茎背侧纵形带蒂皮瓣进行Ⅰ期修复手术,年龄2～12岁,平均（5.2±2.8）岁.其中阴茎型30例,阴茎阴囊型6例,阴囊型2例.结果 38例转移皮瓣全部成活,Ⅰ期治愈32例,治愈率84.2% 出现尿道瘘6例,其中1例为尿道外口狭窄并尿道憩室、吻合口瘘.出现并发症的6例患者中,阴茎型3例（10.00%）,阴茎阴囊型1例（16.67%）.会阴型2例（100.00%）.随访3～6月,阴茎外观满意,尿道开口正位,排尿功能良好.结论 阴茎背侧纵形带蒂皮瓣治疗小儿尿道下裂,手术设计合理,并发症少,术后阴茎外形美观,不臃肿,无扭转,是治疗阴茎型小儿尿道下裂较理想的手术方式.     

一期正位开口修复尿道下裂

自1991～1995年,我们采用包皮带蒂皮瓣和阴茎背侧纵行带蒂皮瓣一期正位开口治疗16例阴茎型和阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂,取得较为满意的疗效,现介绍如下。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料本组16例,年龄3～12岁,平均4.6岁。阴茎型尿道下裂9例,阴茎阴囊型7例。1.2　手术方法阴茎伸直:距冠状沟0.5cm作包皮内板环形切开,直达阴茎海绵体白膜。阴茎腹侧正中纵行切口,自冠状沟切口至原尿道外口,彻底切除阴茎腹侧及尿道口周围纤维组织。人工勃起方法检验阴茎伸直效果,并测量尿道缺损长度。尿道成形:首先测量包皮皮肤,如可达到形成新尿道的宽度及长度,即采用Duc…     

背侧带蒂包皮皮瓣治疗先天性尿道下裂畸形12例

1 临床资料 1999～2001年,我们采用背侧包皮带蒂皮瓣成形尿道治疗先天性尿道下裂12例,年龄2～12(平均4.2)岁,其中阴茎型7例,阴茎阴囊型5例,连续硬膜外麻醉,小儿加用基础麻醉,龟头缝线牵引,分离龟头与包皮粘连,从尿道口插入8～12号多孔硅胶尿管,距冠状沟0.5cm处作包皮环形切口,直达阴茎白膜,沿白膜游离阴茎皮     

袖状蒂岛状环形包皮瓣尿道成形术一期修复会阴型尿道下裂

目的 探讨袖状蒂岛状环形包皮瓣尿道成形术一期修复会阴型尿道下裂的临床效果.方法 距冠状沟0.5 cm处环形切开包皮内板和尿道板,脱套以纠正阴茎下曲.沿尿道板两侧平行切开,近端绕尿道口后会合,呈U形,远端环绕包皮到背侧,使新尿道皮瓣呈环状.解剖供应皮瓣的深层皮下组织与阴茎皮肤,形成血管蒂.经纽扣样孔隙,转移环状皮瓣至腹侧.缝合岛状环形皮瓣的内、外缘,形成新尿道.术后尿液转流时间10～14 d,平均12.8 d.结果 1997年以来,于临床应用22例,一期手术成功18例(81.8%),尿瘘4例,均位于阴茎阴囊交界近端,其中伴尿道外口狭窄1例,经尿道扩张后治愈,另3例经再次修补后愈合.新尿道长度为3.50～18.00 cm,平均4.93 cm.术后随访6个月以上,外观的满意度为72.7%(16/22).结论 袖状蒂岛状环形包皮瓣具有血供丰富、尿道成形材料天然的优点,能一期纠正阴茎弯曲和尿道成形,特别适用于伴有阴茎严重弯曲或阴茎阴囊转位和阴囊分裂的会阴型尿道下裂患者.     

不同术式一期正位开口修复先天性尿道下裂：附114例报告

总结１１４例不同手术方式一期修复各种类型尿道下裂的经验。本组中阴茎型３０例，阴茎阴囊型６３例，会阴型２１例。阴茎型尿道下裂宜采用包皮内板转移皮瓣尿道成形术。阴囊型根据缺损尿道长短采用阴囊纵带蒂皮瓣术或包皮内板阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣尿道成形术。会阴型采用包皮内板阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣术或膀胱粘膜尿道造成形术本组一期手术的成功率为８４．８％。     

加盖与管形包皮岛状皮瓣法在尿道下裂治疗中的应用

目的评价加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法（Onlay island flap法）与管形包皮岛状皮瓣法（Tubularized island flap法）手术治疗尿道下裂的适应证及疗效.方法总结分析166例尿道下裂修复手术及术后并发症.患儿年龄1～15岁,平均5.1岁.冠状沟型及阴茎体前型尿道下裂36例,阴茎体型81例,阴茎根型36例,阴囊及会阴型13例,其中外院行阴茎下弯矫正术后11例.合并阴茎下弯139例,轻度43例,中度43例,重度53例.采用加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法79例,管形包皮岛状皮瓣法87例.结果 166例手术成功率为90.4%.166例随访2年均未发生尿道狭窄、尿道憩室、阴茎皮肤坏死等合并症.加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法术后发生尿瘘4例（5.1%）,阴茎下弯复发7例（8.9%）,手术成功率为86.1%.管形包皮岛状皮瓣法术后发生尿瘘4例（4.6%）,阴茎下弯复发1例（1.1%）,手术成功率为94.2%.2种术式尿瘘发生率比较,差异无统计学意义;而阴茎下弯复发率比较,差异有统计学意义.结论加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法适用于尿道板发育好的阴茎体及阴茎根型病例,管形包皮岛状皮瓣适用于尿道口位于冠状沟至会阴合并重度阴茎下弯的各型尿道下裂.     

弧形带蒂阴茎皮肤联合皮瓣Ⅰ期治疗重度尿道下裂

目的：报道弧形带蒂包皮内板阴茎背侧皮肤联合皮瓣治疗阴囊型及会阴型尿道下裂。方法：22例阴囊型及会阴型尿道下裂患者，均采用弧形带蒂包皮内板阴茎背侧皮肤联合皮瓣(Ducrett Perovic’s)制成皮管I期成形尿道。术中常规耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘引流尿液，经尿道置F10-12多侧孔硅胶管支架引流尿道分泌物，术后应用头孢曲松钠抗感染治疗1周，保留尿道支架管6～8d，膀胱造瘘管10～12d。结果：18例I期成功，4例发生尿瘘，均于6个月后修补瘘管痊愈。均排尿正常，无痛性勃起，阴茎无扭转，腹侧无臃肿。结论：此法治疗包皮阴茎皮肤充裕之重度尿道下裂效果确切，外观满意，是一种较好的手术方式．     

阴茎背侧纵行带蒂包皮瓣在尿道下裂修复中的应用

目的:评价阴茎背侧纵行带蒂包皮瓣尿道成形术在尿道下裂修复中的应用及疗效;方法:采用改进的阴茎背侧纵形带蒂包皮瓣尿道下裂修复术治疗26例有阴茎弯曲,背侧包皮丰富的中、近段尿道下裂。结果:随访3个月～1年,26例患者手术后全部一次成功。术后排尿顺利,尿线正常,外形接近正常。一次手术成功率达100%。结论:阴茎背侧纵行带蒂包皮瓣尿道下裂修复术是有阴茎弯曲,背侧包皮丰富的中、近段尿道下裂理想的手术方式。     

尿道下裂合并阴茎阴囊转位肉膜蒂皮瓣一期矫治(附38例报告)

目的 探讨尿道下裂合并阴茎阴囊转位一期手术矫正方法。方法 根据阴茎及阴囊皮肤分布情况，采用保留轴心血管的阴茎或阴囊内膜蒂皮瓣尿道成形技术，先矫正阴茎下曲及尿道成形，然后同期行阴茎阴囊转位矫正。尿转流及新尿道分泌物引流采用会阴尿道造瘘及新尿道U型支架管引流技术。结果 本组38例术后阴茎阴囊外形美观，无尿瘘及尿道狭窄。结论 尿道下裂合并阴茎阴囊转位一期手术矫正完全可行。     

Treatment of severe scrotal hypospadias with onlay-type urethroplasty using mouth mucosa

Failure in repairing severe hypospadias complicated with fistula and cutaneous retraction is often associated with lack of subcutaneous tissue and skin providing protection to the neourethra. We report the results of treatment in 6 patients with scrotal hypospadias with severe deviation and scarce dorsal prepuce. A neourethra was created by the onlay technique applying an oral mucosa graft and preserving in all cases the dorsal preputial skin for the island cutaneous flap. All patients had hypospadias without previous repairs excepting one of them, who had had one first time hypospadias repair in other hospital. Patients age ranged between 2 years and 3 months, and 4 years (mean: 2 years and 9 months). In all cases, hypospadias was scrotal type with severe deviation and scarce dorsal prepuce. All patients had prior hormone stimulation with dehydrotestosterone 3%. Surgical repair was performed in one-stage. Urethroplasty included preservation of the urethral plate, oral mucosa graft to provide ventral coverage, and island cutaneous flap with the dorsal preputial skin. In all cases, the chord was dissected behind the urethral plate. In 3 patients a dorsal Nesbit plication was necessary to obtain a complete straighten penis. Results in all 6 cases were satisfactory. Only one patient had a small leakage at the previous neomeatus. The other five patients are asymptomatic. Follow-up ranges from 6 months to 2 years. We conclude that urethroplasty in association with a well vascularized island flap of dorsal preputial skin decrease the incidence of fistulae. In patients with severe hypospadias with scarce dorsal prepuce urethroplasty should be completed with oral mucosa grafts preserving dorsal preputial skin for the ventral cutaneous plasty.     

带蒂阴囊正中皮瓣一期尿道下裂成形术的疗效分析

目的:总结带蒂阴囊正中皮瓣一期治疗各型尿道下裂的经验,提高一期治疗尿道下裂疗效。方法:回顾分析本科室1993年5月至2010年12月收治310例各型(除冠状沟型)采用该术式治疗尿道下裂患者的临床资料,所有病例均随访6个月至2年。结果:310例尿道下裂患者,手术治愈271例,治愈率为87.4%(271/310),术后尿道发生尿屡39例,尿瘘发生率为12.6%,无其他并发症发生。术后尿瘘形成与尿道下裂分型、术后综合用药与否及成形皮管长度等因素有关,而与支架管留置时间无关。尿瘘患者瘘口多位于阴茎根部。结论:对于除冠状沟型外的各型尿道下裂,该术式均是一种疗效可靠且简单易行的治疗方案,同时其术后处理也非常重要。     

逆行复合尿道板皮瓣联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形修复重度尿道下裂

目的：探讨一种新的对重度尿道下裂的修复方法.方法：应用逆行复合尿道板皮瓣联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形修复重度尿道尿道下裂患者.结果：手术获得成功.术后12d拔除导尿管自行排尿,无尿瘘和尿道狭窄发生.结论：逆行复合尿道板皮瓣血运丰富,伸延性好,手术操作简单,联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形术可一期完成尿道下裂修复,成形效果好,是一期修复重度尿道下裂的一种比较理想的术式.     

斜行包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂

目的:探讨斜行包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂的效果。方法:采用斜行包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂51例。结果:所有病例均自正位尿道口排尿,尿道外口呈纵向裂隙状,阴茎的外观满意,无阴茎下弯或侧弯,并发症发生率11.8%(6/51),其中尿瘘3例,尿道外口狭窄3例。结论:本术式具有取材范围大、皮瓣血运可靠、成形阴茎外观满意、并发症少等优点,适合阴茎型和阴茎-阴囊型尿道下裂的I期修复。     

Split onlay skin flap for the salvage hypospadias repair

PURPOSE: Following failed hypospadias repair absence of the penile foreskin, a shortage of ventral skin and residual chordee may all contribute to poor long-term results. We describe a technique called the split onlay skin (SOS) flap that has improved our surgical outcomes in boys requiring salvage hypospadias repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SOS flap uses a transverse island of penile shaft skin that is mobilized on its vascular pedicle and rotated into position to the ventrum of the penis at the site of the urethral defect. The flap is transected transversely, and half of the flap is used as an onlay to repair the urethra and the other half is used for additional skin coverage where needed on the penile shaft. We treated 11 boys 30 to 124 months old (mean age 60.3 months) who had a mean of 2 previous failed hypospadias repairs. All 11 boys presented with complex combinations of urethrocutaneous fistulas, stricture or urethral diverticula. RESULTS: Of the 11 patients 6 (54.5%) had development of postoperative fistulas. Five of these fistulas were surgically closed with no further complications. One penoscrotal fistula closed spontaneously after 7 months. Mild chordee from contraction of the flap and a urethral diverticulum developed in 1 boy. At a mean followup of 24.5 months all patients, including those who underwent closure of the secondary fistula, were voiding well with excellent appearance. CONCLUSIONS: In cases where little local tissue is present the SOS flap procedure is an excellent way to transfer healthy dorsal tissue to the ventrum for an onlay salvage urethroplasty while providing additional coverage of the urethral defect and a tension-free skin closure. Despite the high fistula rate we encountered following the initial SOS procedure, we endorse this technique because the transferred dartos provides additional tissue, which facilitates subsequent fistula repair. These boys can achieve a successful cosmetic result without incorporation of scrotal tissue or a free graft, which we believe leads to more predictable results.     

Complete repair of bladder exstrophy: management of resultant hypospadias

PURPOSE: In our hands complete primary repair (CPR) of bladder exstrophy results in hypospadias in two-thirds of boys. To our knowledge hypospadias repair following CPR of bladder exstrophy has not been reported previously. We report our experience with hypospadias repair following CPR of bladder exstrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 22 boys with bladder exstrophy underwent CPR using Mitchell's technique between November 1998 and January 2002. The procedure resulted in hypospadias in 15 boys (68%). The site of the meatus was distal penile in 5 patients, mid penile in 3 and proximal penile in 7. Hypospadias repair was performed in all 15 boys. The 5 patients with distal penile hypospadias underwent repair consisting of Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty with dorsal incision in 3 and tubularized vertical island flap with glanular tunnel in 2. All patients with mid (3) or proximal (7) penile hypospadias underwent Mustarde repair with glanular tunnel. RESULTS: Followup ranged from 6 to 18 months (median 13). The Thiersch-Duplay procedure with dorsal incision resulted in fistula/stenosis in 2 of 3 boys. None of the remaining 12 boys with tubularized penile flap urethroplasty (tubularized vertical island flap or Mustarde) with glanular tunneling had development of fistula or stenosis. Complete degloving of the penis and penile skin redistribution were not necessary with the Mustarde technique. CONCLUSIONS: Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty with dorsal incision does not seem to be a good option for hypospadias repair following CPR of bladder exstrophy. The use of penile skin as a tubularized flap with glanular tunneling seems to yield excellent functional/cosmetic results.     

应用阴囊筋膜血管网皮瓣的尿道再修复

目的：探讨阴囊筋膜血管网皮瓣在尿道下裂再修复中的应用。方法：阴囊皮肤存在多源性血供系统，4组血管终末支相互吻合，形成完整的动脉环路在肉膜内走行，通过筋膜层滋养皮肤。基于此项解剖学基础，术中设计不含知名动脉的阴囊筋膜血管网皮瓣，用于修复原已采用阴囊纵隔皮瓣或其他轴型皮瓣进行尿道下裂矫治而失败的病例。结果：本组20例患者，阴茎型5例，阴茎阴囊型8例，阴囊型7例。除1例出现尿瘘，经处理后痊愈，19例尿道重建成功，效果满意。结论：应用阴囊筋膜血管网皮瓣重建尿道是尿道下裂再修复较为理想的方法。     

隧道法加阴囊旋转皮瓣修复尿道下裂

目的 探讨尿道下裂手术方法。方法 1992年-2000年对42例尿道下裂在一期术后的基础上,采用阴茎皮下隧道法,膀胱粘膜及阴囊正中皮瓣尿道成形,阴囊旋转皮瓣覆盖切口的手术,正位修复尿道下裂,结果 42例中1例术后7天发生尿瘘,3个月后再次采用阴囊旋转皮瓣修复后治愈,其余均手术成功,成功率为97.6%,无尿道狭窄等并发症发生。结论 隧道法加阴囊旋转皮瓣修复尿道下裂的手术方法成功率高,并发症少,值得临床推广使用。     

纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣治疗尿道下裂44例报告

目的:总结近4年来应用纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂的临床经验,并评价其疗效.方法:本组44例患者中,阴茎型尿道下裂34例,阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂10例.均采用纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术,平均重建尿道长度2.8 cm.结果:一期手术成功率90.9%(40/44例),尿瘘9.1%(4/44例).所有患者术后1个月复查1次,随访3个月以上,阴茎外观及排尿均良好.结论:纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术对伴有阴茎下曲、尿道板发育不好的阴茎型及阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂患者治疗效果良好,并发症少.